Ada Celeste Sweet
Ada Celeste Sweet (23 February 1853 – 17 September 1928) was an American reformer and humanitarian originally from the U.S. state of Wisconsin, but subsequently from the U.S. state of Illinois. President Ulysses S. Grant appointed her United States agent for paying pensions in Chicago, the first position as disbursing officer ever given to a woman by the US government. She established a strict system of civil service reform, which made her unpopular with politicians.[1] In addition to being the founder of the ambulance system for the Chicago police,[2] she found time to do philanthropic work, and to labor for governmental reforms.[3] She also served as literary editor of the Chicago Tribune.
Early years and education
Ada Celeste Sweet was born in Stockbridge, Wisconsin, 23 February 1853. Her father was Benjamin J. Sweet, a successful lawyer and later, a Wisconsin State senator. Her mother, née Lovisa L. Denslow, was a daughter of Elihu Denslow, and from the same place in New York as the Sweet family. There were several siblings including in 1854, Lawrence Wheelock; in 1858, Minnie; in 1865, Martha Winfred; and Benjamin Jeffrey, in 1871.[4]
When the American Civil War began, her father entered the Union Army as Major of the 6th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Afterwards, as Colonel of the 21st Infantry Regiment, he was wounded at Battle of Perryville. Later, he took command of Camp Douglas in Chicago as Colonel of the Eighth United States Veteran Reserve Corps.
Sweet spent her summers in Wisconsin and her winters in a convent school in Chicago. After the war, General Sweet settled on a farm 20 miles from Chicago and opened a law office in the city. Sweet, the oldest of the children, aided her father in his business. She was carefully educated and soon developed marked business talents.[5]
Career
In 1868, General Sweet received from President Grant the appointment as pension agent in Chicago. Ada entered the office, learned the details of the business, and carried on the work for years. In 1872, General Sweet was made first deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue, and moved to Washington, D.C. Ada accompanied him as his private secretary. He died on New Year's Day, 1874, leaving an estate too small to provide for his family.[5]
President Grant then appointed Ada Sweet as US agent for paying pensions in Chicago, the first position as disbursing officer ever given to a woman by the government of the US.[6] The Chicago agency contained 6,000 names of northern Illinois pensioners on its roll, and the disbursements amounted to over US$1,000,000 yearly. She made the office independent of politics and appointed women as assistants. In 1877, President Hayes made all Illinois pensions payable in Chicago, and her office disbursed over $6,000,000 yearly. She chose her own clerks and trained them for her work. She did so well that, in spite of pressure brought to secure the appointment of a man, she was reappointed in 1878 by President Rutherford B. Hayes, and in 1882 by President Chester A. Arthur. In 1885, the Democratic commissioner of pensions asked her to resign, but she appealed to President Grover Cleveland, and he left her in the office until September, 1885, when she resigned, to take a business position in New York City.[5]
In 1886, she visited Europe. Returning to Chicago, she became the literary editor of the Chicago Tribune. In 1888, she opened a United States claims office in Chicago, and did a large business in securing pensions for soldiers or their families, retiring in 1905.[5] In 1892, Sweet was appointed to the Chicago Board of Education.[7] From 1911 to 1913, she managed The Equitable Life Assurance Society's woman's department.[8]
Personal life
Sweet lived in Chicago with her brother.[9] She was interested in all the work of women, and served as a member of the Chicago Woman's Club, where she worked on the club committee for compulsory education.[10] She was also a Trustee of the Civic Federation. In May 1894, Sweet became president of the Chicago Woman's Club.[11] She was the founder and first President of the Municipal Order League of Chicago, a society formed to improve the sanitary condition, and thereby the healthfulness, of the city.[12] In October, 1890, she gave the first police ambulance to the city, having raised money among her friends to build and equip it, and thus originated the present system in Chicago of caring for those who are injured or fall ill in public places.[5] On 17 September 1928, Sweet died at the home of her sister, another important figure in the history of women's rights, Winifred Bonfils in San Francisco, California.[13]
References
- ^ Lake City Publishing Company 1894, p. 609.
- ^ Logan 1912, p. 831.
- ^ Waterloo & Hanson 1896, p. 434.
- ^ Bross 1878, p. 8.
- ^ a b c d e Willard 1893, p. 702.
- ^ "Ada Celeste Sweet, president of the". Topeka Daily Capital. 14 November 1894. Retrieved 10 January 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Urge Miss Sweet's Confirmation". Chicago Daily Tribune. 22 September 1892. Retrieved 22 January 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Rise of a Modern City". Northwestern University. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ James, James & Boyer 1971, p. 155.
- ^ "Miss Ada C. Sweet". The Davenport Democrat and Leader. 5 November 1894. Retrieved 22 January 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Ada C. Sweet Chosen". The Chicago Tribune. 20 May 1894. Retrieved 11 January 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Lake City Publishing Company 1894, p. 610.
- ^ Georgia L. Osborne, Miss Ada Celeste Sweet in Brief Biographies of the Figurines on display in the Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield, Illinois, 1932, p. 110.
Attribution
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: W. Bross' Biographical Sketch of the Late Gen. B.J. Sweet: History of Camp Douglas. A Paper Read Before the Chicago Historical Society, June 18th, 1878 (1878)- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Lake City Publishing Company's Portrait and Biographical Record of Cook and Dupage Counties, Illinois: Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens of the County, Together with Biographies and Portraits of All the Presidents of the United States (1894)
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Mrs. J. A. Logan's The Part Taken by Women in American History (1912)
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: S. Waterloo & J. W. Hanson, Jr.'s Famous American Men and Women: A Complete Portrait Gallery of Celebrated People, Whose Names are Prominent in the Annals of the Time, Each Portrait Accompanied by an Authentic Biographical Sketch, Secured by Personal Interview--the Whole Forming a Text Book of National Character (1896)
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: F. E. Willard's A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life (1893)
Bibliography
- Bross, William (1878). Biographical Sketch of the Late Gen. B.J. Sweet: History of Camp Douglas. A Paper Read Before the Chicago Historical Society, June 18th, 1878 (Public domain ed.). Jansen, McClurg & Company.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S. (1971). Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary. Harvard University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-674-62734-5.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Lake City Publishing Company (1894). Portrait and Biographical Record of Cook and Dupage Counties, Illinois: Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens of the County, Together with Biographies and Portraits of All the Presidents of the United States (Public domain ed.). Lake City Publishing Company.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Logan, Mrs. John A. (1912). The Part Taken by Women in American History (Public domain ed.). Perry-Nalle publishing Company. p. 831.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Waterloo, Stanley; Hanson, John Wesley, Jr. (1896). Famous American Men and Women: A Complete Portrait Gallery of Celebrated People, Whose Names are Prominent in the Annals of the Time, Each Portrait Accompanied by an Authentic Biographical Sketch, Secured by Personal Interview--the Whole Forming a Text Book of National Character (Public domain ed.). C. F. Beezley & Company. p. 434.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Willard, Frances Elizabeth (1893). A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life (Public domain ed.). Moulton. p. 702.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)