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Ve (Arabic letter)

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South African text from 1872 by Abu Bakr Effendi in Arabic Afrikaans (upper) and Arabic (lower) showing The ve in the word ڤوت (vote) used in Arabic even though the Modern Standard Arabic word for (vote) is صوت /sˤawt/.

Ve (based on name of the letter ف fāʾ) ڤ is a letter of the Arabic-based Central Kurdish, Comoro, Wakhi, Karakhanid alphabets derived from the Arabic letter fāʾ (ف) with two additional dots. It represents the sound /v/ in the aforementioned uses.

It is sometimes used in Arabic language to write names and loanwords with the phoneme /v/, such as ڤولڤو (Volvo) and ڤيينا viyenna (Vienna), but rather described, for example, in Egyptian Arabic, it is called fe be talat noʾaṭ (فه بتلات نقط, "F with three dots").

It is also frequently used in Israel for transcribing names that have a /v/ sound into Arabic, which is used on Israel's street plates, on signs and labels.

In Jawi script, used for Malay language, ڤ stands for /p/.

The character is mapped in Unicode under position U+06A4.

Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ڤ ـڤ ـڤـ ڤـ

Similar-looking letter

Tunisian cookie packaging, showing a three-dotted Qāf used to represent /g/ in the Arabic transliteration of Galletes (gālāt).

The Maghrebi style, used in Northwestern Africa, the dots moved underneath (Unicode U+06A5), because it is based on the other style of fāʼ (ڢ):

Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ڥ ـڥ ـڥـ ڥـ

In Tunisian and in Algerian [citation needed], (ڨ, looks similar to ق but with three dots) is used for /ɡ/, such as in names of places or persons containing a voiced velar stop, as in Gafsa (in Tunisia) or Guelma (in Algeria). If the usage of that letter is not possible for technical restrictions, qāf (ق) is often used instead.

In Arabic script representations of the Chechen language, ڨ is used to represent the uvular ejective /q'/.

The ve (fāʾ with three dots) in its medial form used in an Israeli roadsign on the road to Giv'at Shmuel.


Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ڨ ـڨ ـڨـ ڨـ

See also