Elizabeth Fox, Countess of Ilchester
Elizabeth Fox (or Fox-Strangways), Countess of Ilchester (c.1723–1792), née Elizabeth Horner, was the wife of Stephen Fox-Strangways, 1st Earl of Ilchester.
Life
She was the only child and sole heiress of Thomas Horner (1688-1741) (later Strangways-Horner), MP, of Mells Manor, Mells, Somerset. Her mother was the heiress Susannah Strangways,[1] one of the two daughters of Thomas Strangways (1643-1713) of Melbury House in Dorset, a major landowner. The other daughter, Elizabeth Strangways (died 1729), married James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton, as his second wife,[2] but died childless. Susanna Strangways was the co-heiress of her childless brother Thomas Strangways (died 1726) and, after the death of her sister the Duchess of Hamilton in 1729, sole heiress.
On 15 March 1736, at the age of 13, Elizabeth married Stephen Fox, the 31-year-old future earl. A homosexual, he was for many years the lover of John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, whose letters to him have been published. Hervey was angered by the marriage and broke off his relationship with Fox.[3]
He was raised to the peerage in 1741 and was created an earl on 17 June 1756, making his wife a countess. In 1758, the earl took the additional surname and arms of Strangways in compliance with the terms of his wife's inheritance.
Initially, the earl and countess did not live together[4] because of Elizabeth's youth. Several of their children died in infancy.[5] Those who survived to adulthood were:
- Lady Frances Muriel Fox-Strangways (died 1814), who married Valentine Richard Quin, 1st Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, and had children
- Lady Lucy Fox-Strangways (died 1787), who married Colonel Hon. Stephen Digby, and had children
- Lady Susannah Sarah Louisa Fox-Strangways (1742-1827), who eloped with, and married, William O'Brien
- Henry Thomas Fox-Strangways, 2nd Earl of Ilchester (1747-1802)
- Lady Christian Henrietta Caroline Fox-Strangway (1750-1815), known as Harriet, who married Colonel John Dyke Acland and had children
- Lt.-Col. Hon. Stephen Strangways Digby Fox-Strangways (1751-1836)
- Rev. Hon. Charles Redlynch Fox-Strangways (1761-1836), who married Jane Haines and had children
In the mid-1760s, Elizabeth arranged the construction of a seaside villa with landscaped gardens, near Chesil Beach in Dorset, in imitation of Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill House; it was called "Strangways", later known as "Abbotsbury Castle".[4] The house was demolished in 1934, but the gardens, expanded and improved by Elizabeth's son Henry, were restored and opened to the public as Abbotsbury Subtropical Gardens.[6]
From her husband's death in 1772, Elizabeth became Dowager Countess of Ilchester.[5]
Elizabeth is supposedly the real person behind the "first Countess of Wessex" in Thomas Hardy's short story of that name, published in 1891.[7]
References
- ^ Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. Page 2027.
- ^ G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume VI, page 269.
- ^ Rictor Norton. "The Gay Love Letters of John, Lord Hervey to Stephen Fox". Gay History and Literature. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ^ a b Jeany Poulsen (August 2008). "'The wonders of my garden'". Dorset Life. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ^ a b Joanna Martin (16 July 2004). Wives and Daughters: Women and Children in the Georgian Country House. A&C Black. pp. 185–. ISBN 978-1-85285-271-9.
- ^ "THE HISTORY OF THE GARDENS". Abbotsbury Subtropical Gardens. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ^ M.C. Rintoul (5 March 2014). Dictionary of Real People and Places in Fiction. Routledge. pp. 534–. ISBN 978-1-136-11932-3.