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Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System

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The Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) is a global network of laboratories that has for purpose to monitor the spread of influenza with the aim to provide the World Health Organization with influenza control information.[1] It was established in 1952 to conduct global influenza surveillance.[2] GISRS is coordinated by WHO and endorsed by national governments. More than two million respiratory specimens are tested by GISRS annually to monitor the spread and evolution of influenza viruses through a network of about 150 laboratories in 114 countries representing 91% of the world's population.[3] GISRS operates FluNet, an online tool used for virological surveillance of influenza.[1]

Purpose

GISRS has the purpose to protect people from the threat of influenza. The system aims at continuously functioning as a:[2]

  • global mechanism of surveillance, preparedness and response for seasonal, pandemic and zoonotic influenza;
  • global platform for monitoring influenza epidemiology and disease; and
  • global alert for novel influenza viruses and other respiratory pathogens.[2]

The mission of GISRS can be listed as follows:[4]

  • surveillance and monitoring of seasonal and emerging influenza viruses;
  • recommendations in areas including laboratory diagnostics, vaccines and antiviral susceptibility;
  • risk assessment for seasonal and pandemic influenza; and
  • detection and response to influenza outbreaks.[4]

History

In 1947, the WHO Interim Committee of the United Nations agreed to begin a Global Influenza Programme (GIP) for the study and control of influenza. A major outbreak of influenza in Europe was an immediate concern, as well as the identification of appropriate viruses for a vaccine against the virus strains which might be circulating. The establishment of regional influenza centers began in 1948. Five years after the creation of GIP, the Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) was established in response to a need for an influenza surveillance system to inform the methods for disease prevention and control. GISN would later be renamed Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS),[5] evolving as an integrated scientific and technical global collaboration to fulfil the objectives and activities of GIP.[6] GISRS gained momentum between the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. The growing network of national influenza centers focused on understanding disease activity and characteristics of influenza viruses globally. Through these efforts, the realization that the viruses were not only present in tropical countries but might circulate for much of the year was confirmed.[7]

Composition

As of 2015, GISRS comprised 142 national influenza centers in 115 countries[8], 6 WHO collaborating centers, 4 WHO essential regulatory laboratories, and 13 WHO H5 reference laboratories.[4]

Efficacy

GISRS has been considered an accomplished tool in providing early warning of changes in influenza viruses circulating in the global population to help mitigate the consequences of a pandemic and maintain the efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Lee, Kelley; Fang, Jennifer (2013). Historical Dictionary of the World Health Organization. ISBN 9780810878587.
  2. ^ a b c "Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)". who.int. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  3. ^ Broor, Shobha; Campbell, Harry; Hirve, Siddhivinayak; Hague, Siri; Jackson, Sandra; Moen, Ann; Nair, Harish; Palekar, Rakhee; Rajatonirina, Soatiana; Smith, Peter G; Venter, Marietjie; Wairagkar, Niteen; Zambon, Maria; Ziegler, Thedi; Zhang, Wenqing (2019). "Leveraging the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System for global respiratory syncytial virus surveillance—opportunities and challenges". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. doi:10.1111/irv.12672. PMID 31444997.
  4. ^ a b c "Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)" (PDF). who.int. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  5. ^ Monto, Arnold S. (2018). "Reflections on The Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) at 65 Years: An Expanding Framework for Influenza Detection, Prevention and Control". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 12 (1): 10–12. doi:10.1111/irv.12511. PMC 5818347. PMID 29460424.
  6. ^ Hay, Alan J; McCauley, John W (2018). "The WHO global influenza surveillance and response system (GISRS)—A future perspective". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 12 (5): 551–557. doi:10.1111/irv.12565. PMC 6086842. PMID 29722140.
  7. ^ Monto, Arnold S. (2018). "Reflections on The Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) at 65 Years: An Expanding Framework for Influenza Detection, Prevention and Control". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 12 (1): 10–12. doi:10.1111/irv.12511. PMC 5818347. PMID 29460424.
  8. ^ "WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) Surveillance and Vaccine Development". influenzacentre.org. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  9. ^ Hay, Alan J; McCauley, John W (2018). "The WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)-A Future Perspective". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 12 (5): 551–557. doi:10.1111/irv.12565. PMC 6086842. PMID 29722140.
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