Manchester and Salford Junction Canal

Manchester and Salford Junction Canal
The canal stub viewed north towards the junction with the River Irwell
Specifications
Locks	4
Status	Closed
History
Original owner	Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company
Principal engineer	John Gilbert
Date of first use	1839
Date closed	1922
Geography
Connects to	Rochdale Canal

The Manchester and Salford Junction Canal was a canal in the city of Manchester. It was originally built to provide a direct waterway between the Mersey and Irwell Navigation and the Rochdale Canal. The canal opened in 1839 and was abandoned in 1922.

History

The lack of any direct canal link between the Mersey and Irwell Navigation and the Rochdale Canal meant that goods being transported using both waterways had to be offloaded onto carts and carried across the city, before being loaded back onto boats to continue their journey. This was costly and time-consuming, as well as adding to traffic congestion on the streets of Manchester.

In 1799, the nearby Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal company proposed to connect their canal to the Rochdale canal with an aqueduct across the Mersey and Irwell Navigation. Due mainly to strong objections from the Mersey and Irwell Navigation, who would have suffered a loss of trade, the link was not forthcoming. In 1805, John Nightingale was asked by the Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company to estimate the cost of a canal link between Manchester and Salford.

Nothing would happen until 1836, when John Gilbert was appointed as engineer. In 1838, just as the canal was being built, the Bridgewater Canal Company were completing their Hulme Locks Branch Canal. This provided an alternative route from the Rochdale Canal to the River Irwell, and cargoes from either direction could navigate onto the Irwell without the need to use the new Junction Canal.

An underground section of the canal

Construction of the new canal was funded in part by the proprietors of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal. The canal was opened in 1839. In 1885, the Great Northern Warehouse was built on top of the line of the canal and a dock was constructed to allow the interchange of goods. There were four large bays below the warehouse with two lift shafts to allow goods to be unloaded from the boats using the canal, and raised up to the warehouse for storage.

Manchester & Salford J. Canal
River Irwell Lock 1 Water Street Bridge Granada Studios car park Lock 2 Paired Locks (1 Later Dry Dock) Brunswick Branch & Wharf Slate Wharf A56 Deansgate Transhipment Dock Locks 3 & 4 Paired Staircase Locks Stop Lock Bridgewater Hall Basin - Unnamed Branches in water-unnavigable Rochdale Canal proposed extension 1836 never built

Decline

The canal was constructed just as railways were becoming popular. In later years, both the Bridgewater and Rochdale canals came to be owned by the Manchester Ship Canal Company, removing the competitive incentive for keeping both canals open and the Junction Canal was abandoned in 1922. During the Second World War, sections of the canal were drained and converted for use as air-raid shelters.

Route

The canal ran for 5 furlongs (1 km) between the River Irwell from southwest of Quay Street, to a branch of the Rochdale Canal southeast of Lower Mosley Street, mostly through a 499-yard (456 m) tunnel. The canal is now dry, and disused, although large parts remain underneath the city, particularly sections underneath the Great Northern Warehouse and Granada Studios. The original western entrance is still visible from the River Irwell; the eastern entrance has been redeveloped into a small canal basin behind the Bridgewater Hall.

The canal used four locks and lifted water from the River Irwell with two pumping stations.

See also

• Canals of the United Kingdom
• History of the British canal system

References

Bibliography

• Hadfield, Charles; Biddle, Gordon (1970), The canals of northwest england volume 2, David and Charles limited, ISBN 0-7153-4992-9
• Tomlinson, Victor I. (1991), The Manchester Bolton And Bury Canal, The Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal Society, archived from the original on 10 October 2008

External links

• Location of northwest canal entrance from Google Maps imagery
• Images of the canal on Flickr
• Image of canal entrance at Water Street, 1938
• Subterranea Britannica pages on the canal
• Pennine Waterways pages on the canal
• Image of eastern end of canal 1973
• History of the Great Northern