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John Hulett around 1966

John Hulett (November 19, 1927 – August 21, 2006) was an American civil rights activist, sheriff and judge. He was a leader in the civil rights movement in Lowndes County, Alabama, United States,[1] and the founder of the Lowndes County Christian Movement for Human Rights.[2] He was also the first chairperson of Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO) in 1966,[2] known as the original Black Panther Party.[3]

Civil rights activist

In 1948, Hulett left his family farm in Gordonville, Lowndes County, and began to work in the furnace rooms at the Birmingham Stove and Range Company. Workplace discrimination such as unequal pay for African American workers prompted Hulett to join Local 1489 of the foundry workers' union.[4] Hulett also joined the Alabama NAACP. Following the directions of its president, W. C. Patton, Hulett worked to expand NAACP and encouraged African Americans to register to vote.[4] When NAACP was outlawed in Alabama, Hulett joined Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, a new organization founded by Fred Shuttlesworth.[5]

In 1959, when returning home to help his sick father with the family farm, Hulett also brought the civil rights movement to Lowndes County.[6] In the county where 81 percent of people were black but without any black voters,[7] Hulett organized meetings and discussed voting registration with his black neighbors. In March 1965, Hulett and John C. Lawson, a preacher, became the first two black voters in Lowndes County in more than six decades.[8][9] By the time the Voting Rights Act was enacted in the summer of 1965, at least 50 blacks were registered to vote.[10]

After the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) arrived in Lowndes County in the summer of 1965, Hulett became a supporter and later worked full-time for SNCC.[11] Hulett was instrumental in the founding of LCFO.[12] Hulett would serve as LCFO's chairperson and was also one of the first of two African American voters whose registration was successfully processed in Lowndes County.[13] According to Hulett, LCFO's symbol – the snarling black panther – represents the "strength and dignity of black demands today".[3] Hulett also explained that the black panther is "an animal that when it is pressured it moves back until it is cornered, then it comes out fighting for life or death," and that the symbol was fitting for the oppressed black community to take back power.[14] In Lowndes County, the black panther was an emblem for democracy. However, the symbol obtained a different meaning of black power and militancy after the black panther symbol was adopted by Black Panther Party in Oakland, one that Hulett and his colleagues did not fully agree.[15]

Political career

As an independent political party, LCFO joined the November 1966 county government election with a slate of twelve candidates. By then, LCFO had been able to get 2,758 of the 13,000 blacks in Lowndes County registered to vote.[16] Hulett himself was running for county sheriff but none of the LCFO candidates won.[17] Hulett was later elected as the county sheriff on a National Democratic Party of Alabama ticket in 1970.[2] This electoral win was one of the most tangible changes brought about by the voting rights movement, as local residents no longer had to worry about arbitrary use of force against them.[18][19] Hulett promised he would treat whites and blacks with equal respect as a sheriff, and try to heal the past wound of the county.[20] He became not only a civil rights activist fighting against racial segregation but a symbol of reconciliation.[21]

Hulett would continue to serve as county sheriff for 22 years. He then served as a probate judge of Lowndes County for three terms.[2] He was the first black person to serve the two positions in Lowndes County.[22]

Other activities

Hulett considered the black people's economic dependence on whites a significant barrier to their free and equal political participation in Alabama.[23] Hulett worked closely with the war on poverty program, which empowered the local black residents.[24] He had served on the board of the Lowndes County Office of Equal Opportunity health program, then the only biracial board in the county.[23]

Although Hulett had found the Democratic Party an untrustworthy ally and advocated for forming a separate black people's political group,[25] he became a Democrat in late 1972 and endorsed George Wallace for reelection as governor. According to Hulett, the main reason for this reluctant change in political affiliation was to secure aid for local programs, as social welfare program funding for Lowndes had been cut under Richard Nixon.[26]

Personal life

Hulett's second marriage was to Eddie Mae Aaron. They had two daughters and one son. One of his sons from a previous marriage, John Hulett Jr., also served as probate judge of Lowndes County. Hulett's son-in-law's uncle the late John "Big John" Williams was also sheriff until his untimely death on November 23rd 2019. [27]

References

  1. ^ Roney, Marty. "Alabama's Black Belt helped form Black Panther Party". USA TODAY. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d "Lowndes County Freedom Organization". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  3. ^ a b Jeffries 2009, p. 152.
  4. ^ a b Jeffries 2009, p. 29.
  5. ^ Greenshaw 2011, p. 211.
  6. ^ Greenshaw 2011, p. 213.
  7. ^ Gaillard 2006, p. 287.
  8. ^ Greenshaw 2011, p. 214.
  9. ^ Jeffries 2009, p. 44.
  10. ^ Gaillard 2006, p. 291.
  11. ^ "John Hulett". SNCC Digital Gateway. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  12. ^ Greenshaw 2011, p. 215.
  13. ^ "A Report from Lowndes County". The Black Panther Party (PDF). New York, N.Y.: Merit Publishers. 1966. p. 19.
  14. ^ Murch, Donna Jean (October 4, 2010). Living for the City: Migration, Education, and the Rise of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-0-8078-9585-6.
  15. ^ Ali & Foner 2008, p. 293.
  16. ^ Ali & Foner 2008, p. 140.
  17. ^ Holly Jansen, From Selma to Montgomery: Remembering Alabama's Civil Rights Movement Through Museums, MA Thesis Department of History, Florida State University, 2012, pp. 112–113. https://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fsu:183259/datastream/PDF/view
  18. ^ Gaillard 2006, p. 297.
  19. ^ Minchin 2011, p. 211.
  20. ^ Gaillard, Frye; Williams, Juan (2010). Alabama's Civil Rights Trail: An Illustrated Guide to the Cradle of Freedom. The University of Alabama Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8173-8951-2.
  21. ^ Minchin 2011, p. 258.
  22. ^ "Civil rights leader Hulett dies". Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  23. ^ a b Voting Rights Act Extension: Hearing before Subcommittee no. 5 of the Committee on the Judiciary. House of the Representatives, Ninety-First Congress, First Session on H.R. 4249, H.R. 5583 and Similar Proposals, Serial No. 3. 1969. pp. 21–25.
  24. ^ From, Al. "The War on Poverty Was Not About Welfare. That's Why It Worked". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  25. ^ "A Speech by John Hulett: How The Black Panther Party Was Organized" (PDF). The Black Panther Party. Merit Publishers. 1966. pp. 8–11.
  26. ^ Jones, Jacqueline, 1948- (2013). A dreadful deceit : the myth of race from the colonial era to Obama's America. New York. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-465-03670-7. OCLC 841892956.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ "Only on 12: Lowndes County Buries Civil Rights Hero". www.wsfa.com. Retrieved February 10, 2020.

Bibliography

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