Vlach law
The Vlach law refers to various special laws and privileges enforced upon pastoralist communities in Europe in the Late Middle Ages and Early modern period. The term "Vlachs" originally denoted Romance-speaking populations, primarily concerned with pastoralism; the term became synonymous with "shepherds".[1] The concept originates in the laws enforced on Vlachs in the medieval Balkans.[2] In medieval Serbian charters, the pastoral community, primarily made up of Vlachs, were held under special laws due to their nomadic lifestyle.[3] In late medieval Croatian documents Vlachs were held by special law in which "those in villages" pay tax and "those without villages" (nomads) serve as cavalry.[4] Until the 16th century term Vlachs was used not only to describe a representative of the Vlach law or pastoral profession, it also had an ethnic meaning which was lost in the 17th century, although was still used for people(sheepherder) regardless of their origin.[5]
In the Habsburg Monarchy, in 1630, the Vlach Statutes (Template:Lang-la) were enacted which defined the tenancy rights and taxation of Orthodox refugees in the Military Frontier; land were granted in return for military service.[6] In the 16th and 17th centuries Slavic pastoral communities (such as Gorals) under the Vlach law were settled in the northern Kingdom of Hungary.[7] The colonization of peoples under the Vlach law resulted in ethnic enclaves of Czechs, Poles and Ruthenians in historical Hungary.[8]
See also
- ^ Vatro Murvar (1956). The Balkan Vlachs: a typological study. University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 20.
- ^ Alain Du Nay; André Du Nay; Árpád Kosztin (1997). Transylvania and the Rumanians. Matthias Corvinus Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-882785-09-4.
- ^ Gordana Filipović (1989). Kosovo--past and present. Review of International Affairs. p. 25.
- ^ Cebotarev, Andrej (June 1996). "Review of Stećaks (Standing Tombstones) and Migrations of the Vlasi (Autochthonous Population) in Dalmatia and Southwestern Bosnia in the 14th and 15th Centuries". Povijesni prilozi [Historical Contributions] (in Croatian). 14 (14). Zagreb: Croatian Institute of History: 323.
- ^ Jan Gawron; (2020) Locators of the settlements under Wallachian law in the Sambor starosty in XVth and XVIth c. Territorial, ethnic and social origins. p. 274-275; BALCANICA POSNANIENSIA xxVI, [1]
- ^ John R. Lampe; Marvin R. Jackson (1982). Balkan Economic History, 1550-1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations. Indiana University Press. p. 62. ISBN 0-253-30368-0.
- ^ Karoly Kocsis; Eszter Kocsisne Hodosi (1 April 2001). Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin. Simon Publications LLC. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-1-931313-75-9.
- ^ Ethnographia. Vol. 105. A Társaság. 1994. p. 33.
8. Bacowie i wałasi. Współczesna kultura pasterska na pograniczu polsko-słowackim, red. Ewa Kocój, Józef Michałek, Cieszyn-Warszawa 2018, s. 250.
9. Kocój E., ,,Na sałasie ni ma pani lekko“. Życie codzienne pasterzy wołoskich na szałasach na pograniczu polsko- słowackim w XXI wieku jako dziedzictwo kulturowe regionu Karpat (wybór zagadnień), ,,Balcanica Posnaniensia“, 2018, XXV, s. 269-295.
10. Kocój E., Powroty do tematów pasterskich. Zwyczaje i wierzenia związane z rozpoczęciem sezonu pasterskiego na pograniczu polsko-słowackim w XXI wieku (wybór zagadnień), ,,Etnografia Polska”, 2018, z. 1-2