Tagebuch einer Verlorenen (book)
Tagebuch einer Verlorenen | |
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 1907 edition |
Tagebuch einer Verlorenen (or The Diary of a Lost Girl) is a book by the German author Margarete Böhme (1867-1939). It purportedly tells the true story of Thymian, a young woman forced by circumstance into a life of prostitution. When first published in 1905, the book was said to be a genuine diary, though speculation quickly arose as to its authorship.
Due in part to its sensational subject matter, the book proved extremely popular. By the end of the 1920s, it had sold more than 1,200,000 copies, ranking it among the bestselling books of its time.[1] One contemporary scholar has called it "Perhaps the most notorious and certainly the commercially most successful autobiographical narrative of the early twentieth century".[2]
Publishing history
Böhme's book was first published in 1905 as Tagebuch einer Verlorenen, Von einer Toten (The Diary of a Lost Girl, by One Who is Dead), by F. Fontane & Co., a leading German publisher. More than 30,000 copies were sold within the first four months of publication. Less than two years later, in 1907, a deluxe edition was issued marking more than 100,000 copies in print.[3]
Within a few years, Tagebuch einer Verlorenen was translated into 14 languages. Interest was so great there were even pirated versions in both Poland and The Netherlands. The book remained in print more than 25 years, until it was driven out-of-print by groups seeking to suppress it at the beginning of the Nazi era.[4]
Controversy
Today, Tagebuch einer Verlorenen is accepted as a work of fiction. However, when it first published, the book was believed to be the actual diary of a young woman. Böhme claimed only to be the editor of the manuscript. Controversy arose over the story revealed in the book. In Tagebuch einer Verlorenen, Thymian turns to a life of prostitution after being seduced by her father's assistant and suffering the scorn of her family and neighbors.
The book's publication and newsworthy sales led to speculation as to its actual author. Readers, critics, and the press were divided. Böhme and her publisher always maintained their account of the origins of the book.[5] Some early editions even depict manuscript pages said to be in Thymian's hand. Belief in its authenticity continued in some quarters for decades.[6]
Legacy and adaptions
In 1907, Böhme published Dida Ibsens Geschichte (The History of Dida Ibsen), a popular sequel to Tagebuch einer Verlorenen. As Böhme states in the book's forward, Dida Ibsens Geschichte was written in response to the flood of letters she received regarding the earlier book.[7] Some readers had even written to Böhme asking where Thymian was buried.
A five-act stage play based on Tagebuch einer Verlorenen was authored by Wolf von Metzlch-Schilbach. It was published in 1906. Performances of the play were banned in some German cities. In 1906, a parody of Böhme's book was also published. Rudolf Felseck's Tagebuch einer andern Verlorenen, Auch von einer Toten featured a similar title and a look-alike design. In the wake of the success of Tagebuch einer Verlorenen, a number of similarly themed, lower class, women's autobiographies were also published. At least a few of these latter books cited Böhme's work.[8]
Two silent films were made in Germany based on Tagebuch einer Verlorenen. The first, from 1918, was directed by Richard Oswald and was based on his adaption of Böhme's book. It starred Erna Morena as Thymian. In 1929, G.W. Pabst directed the second film version of Tagebuch einer Verlorenen. It starred Louise Brooks as Thymian. In France, a novelization of the 1929 film was also issued. Brooks, in the role of Thymian, appears on the cover of this latter book - which was authored by Rene Wild.
The philosopher and literary critic Walter Benjamin wrote about the book.[9] And the American novelist Henry Miller included The Diary of a Lost One on his list of the books which influenced him the most.[10]
Critical response
Tagebuch einer Verlorenen was widely discussed and written about. Criticism of the time focused on both its controversial story as well as its contested authorship. Many German reviewers praised the book.[11]
Some years later, in his 1946 book From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film, the critic Siegfried Kracauer commented on the Pabst film and its literary source – "the popularity of which among the philistines of the past generation rested upon the slightly pornographic frankness with which it recounted the private life of some prostitutes from a morally elevated point of view".[12]
In the British Isles, the book was praised by the bestselling man of letters Hall Caine. "It is years since I read anything of the kind that moved me to so much sympathy and admiration. . . . It is difficult for me to believe that a grown man or woman with a straight mind and a clean heart can find anything that is not of good influence in this most moving, most convincing, most poignant story of a great-hearted girl who kept her soul alive amidst all the mire that surrounded her poor body". However, Caine's friend, Dracula author Bram Stoker, was said to have been in favor of banning the book.[13]
In the United States, the book's leading champion was the Anglo-American writer Percival Pollard, who praised it in two of his books of criticism. Pollard stated "The fact that one German critic asserted the impossibility of a woman herself immune from vice having written such a book, is proof that besides truth of matter there was compelling art in Margarete Böhme’s book".[14]
Translations
In England, the book was issued in 1907 as The Diary of a Lost One. It was first advertised as The Diary of a Lost Soul, the title given it by its translator, the Irish author Ethel Colburn Mayne (1865-1941). Because of its subject matter, however, Mayne elected not to have her name appear on the book. (The English and American editions share the same translation.) The authorized Polish edition was translated by the noted writer Felicya Nossig (1855-1939). The unauthorized Dutch translation was by the poet Hillegonda van Uildriks (1863-1921).[15] After having been out-of-print in English for more than 100 years, the book was reissued in the United States as The Diary of a Lost Girl in 2010.[16]
- Dnevnik Jedne Izgubljene (Croatia)
- Dennik padlého dĕvčete (Czechoslovakia)
- Fortabt (Denmark)
- The Diary of a Lost One (England)
- Journal d’une fille perdue (France)
- Yhteiskunnan Hylkäämä (Finland)
- Egy Tévedt Nö Naplója (Hungary)
- Diario di una donna perduta da una morta (Italy)
- Förtappad (Sweden)
- Pamiętnik Kobiety Upadłej (Poland) by Małgorzata Böhme / translated by Felicja Nossig
- Pamiętnik Uwiedzionej (Poland – unauthorized edition) by Małgorzata Böhme
- Eene verloren ziel (The Netherlands)
- Thymian (The Netherlands – unauthorized edition)
- The Diary of a Lost One (United States)
- The Diary of a Lost Girl (United States)
- ДНeВHИКЪ ПaBШeй (U.S.S.R)
References
Sources
- Bammé, Arno (1993). Der literarische Nachlass der Husumer Erfolgsschriftstellerin Margarete Böhme (1867-1939). Klagenfurt.
- Bammé, Arno (1994). Margarete Böhme Die Erfolgsschriftstellerin aus Husum. Profil. ISBN 978-3-89019-349-6.
- Schönfeld, Christiane (2000). Commodities of Desire: The Prostitute in Modern German Literature. Camden House. ISBN 978-1-57113-198-0.
- Böhme, Margarete (2010). The Diary of a Lost Girl (Louise Brooks edition). PandorasBox Press. ISBN 978-0-557-50848-8.
Notes
- ^ Donald Ray Richards. The German Bestseller in the 20th Century: A Complete Bibliography and Analysis 1915-1940, Herbert Lang, 1968.
- ^ Katharina Gerstenberger. Truth to Tell: German Women's Autobiographies and Turn-of-the-Century Culture, University of Michigan Press, 2000.
- ^ Arno Bammé. Margarete Böhme Die Erfolgsschriftstellerin aus Husum, Profil, 1994.
- ^ Thomas Gladysz. Introduction to The Diary of a Lost Girl (Louise Brooks edition), PandorasBox Press, 2010.
- ^ Arno Bammé. Der literarische Nachlass der Husumer Erfolgsschriftstellerin Margarete Böhme (1867-1939), Klagenfurt, 1993.
- ^ Thomas Gladysz. Introduction to The Diary of a Lost Girl (Louise Brooks edition), PandorasBox Press, 2010.
- ^ Margarete Böhme. Dida Ibsens Geschichte, F. Fontane & Co., 1907.
- ^ Katharina Gerstenberger. Truth to Tell: German Women's Autobiographies and Turn-of-the-Century Culture, University of Michigan Press, 2000.
- ^ Walter Benjamin. "Aus dem Tagebuch einer Verlorenen,'" in Gesammelte Schriften 6, Suhrkamp, 1985.
- ^ See Raymond Queneau. Pour une Bibliothèque Idéale, Gallimard, 1956.
- ^ Maggie McCarthy. "Of Lost Girls and Fake Diaries: Margarete Böhme's and G.W. Pabst's Diary of a Lost Girl", 23rd Annual Colloquium on Modern Literature and Film, West Virginia University, October 1998.
- ^ Siegfried Kracauer. From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film, Princeton University Press, 1947.
- ^ anonymous. "Alice is London’s Holiday Favorite". New York Times, December 7, 1907.
- ^ See Percival Pollard. Their Day in Court, Neale Publishing Co., 1909 and Masks and Minstrels of New Germany, Luce and Co., 1911.
- ^ Thomas Gladysz. Introduction to The Diary of a Lost Girl (Louise Brooks edition), PandorasBox Press, 2010.
- ^ Neale Lytollis. "Forgotten book by Margarete Boehme to be revived in US." Deutsche Welle, November 3, 2010.