R (cross section ratio)
R is the ratio of the hadronic cross section to the muon cross section in electron–positron collisions:
where the superscript (0) indicates that the cross section has been corrected for initial state radiation. R is an important input in the calculation of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment.[1] Experimental values have been measured for center-of-mass energies from 400 MeV to 150 GeV.[2]
R also provides experimental confirmation of the electric charge of quarks, in particular the charm quark and bottom quark, and the existence of three quark colors.[3] A simplified calculation of R yields
where the sum is over all quark flavors with mass less than the beam energy. eq is the electric charge of the quark, and the factor of 3 accounts for the three colors of the quarks. QCD corrections to this formula have been calculated.[4]
Notes
- ^ Eidelman, S.; Jegerlehner, F. (1995). "Hadronic contributions to (g−2) of the leptons and to the effective fine structure constant α(MZ2)". Zeitschrift für Physik C. 67 (4): 585–601. arXiv:hep-ph/9502298. doi:10.1007/bf01553984. ISSN 0170-9739. S2CID 15083089.
- ^ Yao, W-M; et al. (2006-07-01). "Review of Particle Physics". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. 33 (1): 1–1232. Bibcode:2006JPhG...33....1Y. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001. ISSN 0954-3899. Section 40
- ^ Yao, W-M; et al. (2006-07-01). "Review of Particle Physics". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. 33 (1): 1–1232. Bibcode:2006JPhG...33....1Y. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001. ISSN 0954-3899. Section 9.7
- ^ Gorishny, S.G.; Kataev, A.L.; Larin, S.A. (1991). "The O(αS3) corrections to σtot (e+e− → hadrons) and Γ (τ− → ντ + hadrons) in QCD". Physics Letters B. 259 (1–2): 144–150. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(91)90149-k. ISSN 0370-2693.
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