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Empress Dowager Ma (Southern Ming)

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In this Chinese name, the family name is Ma (馬).
Letter from the Empress Dowager Helena Wang (the "honorary mother" of the Yongli Emperor) to the Pope with a request for help. November 1650. Latin translation by Michał Boym.

Empress Dowager Ma (1578–1669), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Dowager Zhaosheng (昭聖太后), was an empress dowager of the Southern Ming Dynasty.[1] She was the birth mother of the Yongli Emperor. She converted to Roman Catholicism and adopted the name Maria.

References

  1. ^ Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 1: The Qing Period, 1644-1911
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