J. S. Crowther
Joseph Stretch Crowther | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1820 Coventry, Warwickshire, England |
| Died | March 1893 (aged 72-73) Essex, England |
| Nationality | English |
| Occupation | Architect |
Joseph Stretch Crowther (1820 – March 1893) (usually known as J. S. Crowther) was an English architect who practised in Manchester. His buildings are mainly located in Manchester, Cheshire and Cumbria.
Life and career
Crowther studied under Richard Tattersall from 1838 to 1843.[1][2] He then worked as a managing clerk for Henry Bowman until 1846, when Bowman took him into partnership, the firm being known as Bowman and Crowther. In 1845 Bowman and Crowther published a book titled Churches of the Middle Ages (with a second edition in 1853).[3] A reviewer for The Ecclesiologist praised it for its "accurate illustrations of some of the finest examples of our old churches".[4] The partnership started by designing churches for the Unitarians,[3] including chapels at Hyde, Cheshire,[5] and in Leeds, Yorkshire.[6][7] The authors of the Buildings of England series consider that the best of these was at Bury, built in 1852, but since demolished.[3]
When Crowther established his own practice, his earlier works were in the Gothic Revival manner of George Gilbert Scott.[3] His first independent work was the church of St Philip, Alderley Edge (1851–1852).[8] He moved to live in Alderley Edge, where he built a house for himself, Redclyffe Grange.[9][10] The Buildings of England authors consider that Crowther's best churches of this period were St Mary, Hulme (1853–1858), St Alban, Cheetwood (1857–1864, since demolished), and St Mary, Bury.[3] He later incorporated Perpendicular features in his designs,[3] for example in St Chad, Rochdale (1884–85) where he added a chancel and chapels,[11] and Holy Trinity, Littleborough (1889) where he added the chancel.[12][13] The Buildings of England authors consider that Crowther's "most creative" church was St Benedict, Ardwick (1877–1880) with large high-set windows, an Italianate tower, and an attached clergy house.[14]
As well as churches, Crowther took the opportunity of designing villas in varying styles for the more wealthy people to move from the industrial cities to more attractive places such as Alderley Edge,[15] although apart from his own house, Redclyffe Grange, most of his commissions in this town have been demolished.[16] Further afield, in what is now Cumbria, he designed country houses such as Holehird in Troutbeck (1854),[17] Wynlass Beck in Windermere (1854),[18] and Parkside in Kendal (1865).[19] He also designed a school for his home town of Alderley Edge.[20]
He married a fisherman's daughter, Richanda Barber (from Pakefield, Suffolk and 48 years his junior) in 1891 in Stanford-le-Hope, Essex. The marriage had no issue.
Crowther was appointed as the diocesan architect for Manchester Cathedral.[1] His restoration of the cathedral is considered by the Buildings of England authors as "his final great work", which was incomplete at the time of his death;[3] this occurred in March 1893.[2]
His widow remarried three years after his death, and died in 1929 in Lowestoft, having spent the rest of her life in Suffolk.
Bibliography
- Crowther, J. S.; Bowman, Henry (1845). The Churches of the Middle Ages: Being Select Specimens of Early and Middle Pointed Structures with a Few of the Purest Late Pointed Examples. London: George Bell. OCLC 154133727.
- Renaud, Frank, ed. (1893). An Architectural History of the Cathedral Church of Manchester Dedicated to St Mary, St. George, and St. Denys: With Illustrations by J.S. Crowther. Manchester: J.E. Cornish. OCLC 156169688.
See also
References
- ^ a b Parkinson-Bailey 2000, p. 90.
- ^ a b "DSA Architect Biography Report", Dictionary of Scottish Architects, 2008, retrieved 6 October 2012
- ^ a b c d e f g Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner 2004, p. 65.
- ^ The Ecclesiologist, vol. 10, Cambridge Camden Society, p. 432
{{citation}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Historic England, "Hyde Chapel (1068046)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 October 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Mill Hill Chapel, Leeds (1375430)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 October 2012
- ^ Chapel History, Mill Hill Unitarian chapel, archived from the original on 24 July 2013, retrieved 6 October 2012
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, pp. 49, 90.
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 92.
- ^ Historic England, "Redclyffe Grange, archway and attached walls to northeast corner, Alderley Edge (1234591)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 October 2012
- ^ Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner 2004, p. 587–589.
- ^ Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner 2004, p. 249.
- ^ Historic England, "Church of St Chad, Rochdale (1045812)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 October 2012
- ^ Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner 2004, p. 66.
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 54.
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 56.
- ^ Hyde & Pevsner 2010, p. 642.
- ^ Hyde & Pevsner 2010, p. 691.
- ^ Hyde & Pevsner 2010, p. 444.
- ^ Historic England, "Alderley Edge County Primary School (1276138)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 October 2012
Bibliography
- Hartwell, Claire; Hyde, Matthew; Hubbard, Edward; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2011) [1971], Cheshire, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-17043-6
- Hartwell, Clare; Hyde, Matthew; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2004), Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-10583-5
- Hyde, Matthew; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2010) [1967], Cumbria, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-12663-1
- Parkinson-Bailey, John J. (2000), Manchester: An Architectural History, Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-5606-3, retrieved 6 October 2012
| International | |
|---|---|
| Artists | |
