Desmognathus
Desmognathus | |
---|---|
Desmognathus auriculatus, southern dusky salamander | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Urodela |
Family: | Plethodontidae |
Subfamily: | Plethodontinae |
Genus: | Desmognathus Baird, 1850 |
Species | |
See table. |
Desmognathus is a genus of lungless salamanders in the family Plethodontidae known as dusky salamanders.[1][2] They range from Texas to the eastern United States and to south-eastern Canada.[1]
Characteristics
Species of the genus Desmognathus have a unique jaw-opening mechanism where the lower jaw is stationary and the skull swings open.[3] There are additional stalked condyles, an atlanto-mandibular ligament, along with other skeletal and musculature features that have evolved to accompany this type of jaw-opening mechanism.[3] Additionally, they are known to exhibit maternal care by brooding over their eggs.[3]
Species
This genus includes the following 24 species:[1]
Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
---|---|
Desmognathus abditus Anderson & Tilley, 2003 |
Cumberland dusky salamander |
Desmognathus aeneus Brown & Bishop, 1947 |
seepage salamander |
Desmognathus apalachicolae Means & Karlin, 1989 |
Apalachicola dusky salamander |
Desmognathus aureatus (Martof, 1956) |
golden shovel-nosed salamander |
Desmognathus auriculatus (Holbrook, 1838) |
southern dusky salamander |
Desmognathus brimleyorum Stejneger, 1895 |
Ouachita dusky salamander |
Desmognathus carolinensis Dunn, 1916 |
Carolina Mountain dusky salamander |
Desmognathus conanti Rossman, 1958 |
spotted dusky salamander |
Desmognathus folkertsi Camp, Tilley, Austin & Marshall, 2002 |
dwarf blackbelly salamander |
Desmognathus fuscus (Rafinesque, 1820) |
northern dusky salamander |
Desmognathus imitator Dunn, 1927 |
imitator salamander |
Desmognathus marmoratus (Moore, 1899) |
shovelnose salamander |
Desmognathus melanius (Martof, 1956) |
black shovel-nosed salamander |
Desmognathus monticola Dunn, 1916 |
seal salamander |
Desmognathus ochrophaeus Cope, 1859 |
Allegheny Mountain dusky salamander |
Desmognathus ocoee Nicholls, 1949 |
Ocoee dusky salamander |
Desmognathus orestes Tilley & Mahoney, 1996 |
Blue Ridge dusky salamander |
Desmognathus organi Crespi & Browne, 2010 |
northern pygmy salamander |
Desmognathus planiceps Newman, 1955 |
flat-headed salamander |
Desmognathus quadramaculatus (Holbrook, 1840) |
blackbelly salamander |
Desmognathus santeetlah Tilley, 1981 |
Santeetlah dusky salamander |
Desmognathus valentinei Means, Lamb, and Bernardo, 2017 |
Valentine's southern dusky salamander |
Desmognathus welteri Barbour, 1950 |
Black Mountain dusky salamander |
Desmognathus wrighti King, 1936 |
pygmy salamander |
The AmphibiaWeb does not recognize Desmognathus aureatus and Desmognathus melanius, (originally described as subspecies of Desmognathus marmoratus[1]) and hence only lists 21 species.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Desmognathus Baird, 1850". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
- ^ a b "Plethodontidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
- ^ a b c Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-386919-7.
External links
- Tree of Life: Desmognathus
- "Desmognathus ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 1 May 2006.
Further reading
- Baird SF. 1850. Revision of the North American Tailed-Batrachia, with descriptions of new genera and species. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Series 2, 1: 281–294. (Desmognathus, new genus, p. 282).