Maentwrog power station
Maentwrog power station | |
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Country | Wales |
Location | Maentwrog Gwynedd |
Coordinates | 52°56′10″N 04°00′15″W / 52.93611°N 4.00417°W |
Status | Operational |
Commission date | 1928 |
Owner(s) | North Wales Power Company Limited (1926–1948) British Electricity Authority (1948–1955) Central Electricity Authority (1955–1957) Central Electricity Generating Board (1958–1990) Nuclear Electric (1990–2004) Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (2004–present) |
Operator(s) | As owner |
Power generation | |
Units operational | 2 x 15 MW |
Nameplate capacity | 24 MW (1928-1988) 30 MW (1992-) |
Annual net output | 59.2 GWh (1958) |
Maentwrog power station was built by the North Wales Power Company and supplied electricity to North Wales, Deeside and Cheshire. It exploits the water resources of the Snowdonia mountains, using water turbines to drive electricity alternators. The 24 MW station has been owned by several organisations; since 2004 it has been owned by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority.
History
Maentwrog hydro-electric power station was first commissioned in October 1928 by the North Wales Power Company Limited.[1] The company also owned Dolgarrog and Cwm Dyfi power stations. The new station was financed by the issue of £1.7 million of debenture stock in 1924.[2] The architectural design of the power house was by Sir Alexander Gibb and Partners.[3]
To power the station a new reservoir was built at Trawsfynydd, formed by the construction of four dams. The main dam on the Afon Prysor was Britain's first large arch dam. The other three cut off dams were Gyfynys, Hendre Mur and Trawsfynydd. In 1925 members of the North Wales and South Cheshire Joint Electricity Authority visited the dam at Maentwrog, then under construction. They reported that they were "greatly impressed with the magnitude of the work and with the expeditious way in which this great work is being carried out".[4]
The reservoir is 650 feet (198 m) above the power station. It has an area of two square miles (5.2 km2) and can hold 33 million cubic metres of water.[5]
Water flows to the power station through a 9 ft 6 in (2.9 m) diameter low pressure pipeline and two tunnels, plus a 6 ft (1.83 m) diameter high pressure line. The working head of water is 630 ft. (192 m). The station initially had a capacity of 18 MW, but this was increased in 1934 to 24 MW by an additional 6 MW generator set fed by a 5 ft (1.52 m) diameter high pressure pipeline.[2][1]
By 1925 the transmission lines of the North Wales and South Cheshire Joint Electricity Authority to which the North Wales Power Company was connected extended from Pwllheli to Runcorn and to the borders of Staffordshire, and served an area of 1,200 square miles (3108 km2).[4]
The operation of the stations was dependant on rainfall. In the year 1935/6 the North Wales Power Company noted that rainfall was well above average, with 144.4 inches (3668 mm) of rain at Cwm Dyli. As a result the company's three stations (Maentwrog, Cwm Dyli and Dolgarrog) were able to generate a total of 93,199.950 MWh of electricity.[6]
In 1960 the catchment area of the reservoir was increased by 14.5 square miles (37.6 km2), which included the construction of 8 miles (12.9 km) of leets or open channels.[1]
In 1988 construction work began on a replacement dam 75 m downstream of the original arch dam. The S-shaped dam is 219 m long and 38.8 m high, it contains 54,500 cubic metres of concrete.[7]
Owners
Maentwrog power station has been owned by the following organisations, through nationalisation, reorganisation and privatisation of the electricity industry.[8]
- North Wales Power Company Limited (1926–48)
- British Electricity Authority (1948–55), nationalisation1948
- Central Electricity Authority (1955–57)
- Central Electricity Generating Board (1958–90)
- Nuclear Electric (1990–2004), privatisation 1990
- Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (2004–).
Maentwrog power station was vested in Nuclear Electric when the British electricity supply industry was privatised in 1990. From 2004 the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority assumed ownership although operations are devolved to Magnox Ltd.[5]
Plant and equipment
The original generating plant comprised four 6 MW Boving-English Electric 6.6 kV generating sets. The alternator exciters[9] are directly coupled, 40 kW, 110 V.[1]
There were English Electric and Ferranti step up transformers, from 6.6 kV to 20, 33, and 66 kV.
The original plant was removed in 1989-92 and new plant with a generating capacity of 30 MW (2 × 15 MW) was installed.[5]
Operations
Operating data for the period 1935–92 was:[1][10][11][12]
Year | Running hours |
Max output capacity MW |
Electrical energy supplied MWh |
Load factor per cent |
---|---|---|---|---|
1935 | – | 24 | 37,294 | – |
1946 | – | 24 | 34,181 | 29.6 |
1954 | 5386 | 24 | 28,431 | 22.0 |
1955 | 4371 | 24 | 51,729 | 49.3 |
1956 | 4112 | 24 | 23,456 | 23.8 |
1957 | 5710 | 24 | 51,133 | 37.3 |
1958 | 5553 | 24 | 59,259 | 44.5 |
1961 | – | 24 | 39,203 | 18.6 |
1962 | – | 24 | 37,594 | 17.9 |
1963 | – | 24 | 32,628 | 15.52 |
1967 | – | 24 | 48,220 | 22.9 |
1972 | – | 24 | 31,965 | 15.2 |
1979 | – | 24 | 42,055 | 20.0 |
1982 | – | 24 | 52,195 | 24.8 |
1986 | – | 24 | 47,956 | 22.9 |
1992 | – | 30 | ? | ? |
The station output, in MWh, is shown graphically:
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
The station is currently (2020) operated by Magnox Ltd. on behalf of the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority.[7]
See also
- Timeline of the UK electricity supply industry
- List of power stations in Wales
- Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom
References
- ^ a b c d e Garrett, Frederick C. (1959). Garcke’s Manual of Electricity Supply vol. 56. London: Electrical Press. pp. A-50, A-141.
- ^ a b "North Wales power scheme". The Times. 7 May 1924.
- ^ "Maentwrog hydro-electric power station". coflein. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ^ a b Electricity Commissioners (1926). Electricity Commissioners 6th Annual Report 1925 to 1926. London: HMSO. p. 93.
- ^ a b c "Maentwrog hydro-electric power station". Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ^ Electricity Commissioners (1936). Electricity Commissioners 16th Annual Report 1935 to 1936. London: HMSO. p. 108.
- ^ a b "Maentwrog New Dam, Llyn Trawsfynydd". 8 December 2012.
- ^ Electricity Council (1987). Electricity supply in the United Kingdom: a Chronology. London: Electricity Council. pp. 38 60 66 69. ISBN 085188105X.
- ^ "What Is the Purpose of Exciter in a Generator". medium.com. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
requires|archive-url=
(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Electricity Commissioners (1947). Generation of Electricity in Great Britain year ended 31 December 1946. London: HMSO. p. 12.
- ^ CEGB Annual report and Accounts, 1961, 1962 & 1963
- ^ CEGB Statistical Yearbook 1972 to 1986 Central Electricity Generating Board