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recycled oceanic crust; the oldest intact crustal fragment is the Acasta Gneiss at 4.01 Ga, whereas the oldest large-scale oceanic crust (located on the...

is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands...

Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates. It is composed of the upper oceanic crust, with pillow lavas and a...

for distance, kind of crust, and the characteristics of the seismograph that recorded the seismogram. The various magnitude scales represent different ways...

Earth crustal displacement or Earth crust displacement may refer to: Plate tectonics, scientific theory which describes the large scale motions of Earth's...

The Richter scale (/ˈrɪktər/), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, is a measure of the...

The crust of most breads is harder, and more complexly and intensely flavored, than the rest. Old wives' tales suggest that eating the bread crust makes...

spreading centers creating new crust. As this new crust is pushed away from the spreading center by the formation of newer crust, it cools, thins, and becomes...

The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating...

phenomenon that results from the sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes may manifest...

at a larger scale of the oceanic crust itself into the mantle), new magma rises and erupts along the spreading ridges to form new crust. In effect, the...

The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS) measures the effects of an earthquake at a given location. This is in contrast with the seismic...

not appear in the crust at all. This is because the atmosphere has a far smaller mass than the crust, so argon remaining in the crust contributes little...

Earth's crust is much greater than that of other terrestrial planets. Mars, Venus, Mercury and other planetary bodies have relatively quasi-uniform crusts unlike...

reconciled by large-scale recycling of the continental crust, particularly during the early stages of Earth's history. New continental crust forms as a result...

poles of Earth shifted by approximately 55° due to a large shift in the crust. The geographic poles are defined by the points on the surface of Earth...

the sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale, relative to crustal-scale features or the geoid. The movement of crustal plates and accommodation spaces...

propagate through the Earth's crust, and what information they carry about the earthquake rupture process; the first magnitude scales were therefore empirical...

≥160 km, so the measured magnetization cannot observe crustal magnetic fields at shorter length scales. Mars currently does not sustain an active dynamo based...

The distinction between active and passive margins refers to whether a crustal boundary between oceanic lithosphere and continental lithosphere is a plate...