View source for AMX-30 AuF1

{{Short description|French 155 mm self-propelled howitzer}}
{{Infobox weapon
|is_vehicle=yes
|name= AMX-30 AuF1
|image= File:GCT 155mm AUF1, French army licence registration '6854 0068', St Mihiel 1894, photo-1 (cropped).JPG
|image_size= 300
|caption=GCT 155mm self-propelled artillery of the [[French Army]]
|origin= France
|type= [[Self-propelled gun]]
<!-- Service history -->
|service= 1977–present
|used_by= [[France]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Kuwait]] 
|wars= [[Iran–Iraq War]] <br /> [[Gulf War]] <br /> [[Yugoslav Wars]]
<!-- Production history -->
|designer = [[GIAT Industries]]
|design_date= 1972 (prototype)
|manufacturer= [[Nexter]]
|production_date= 1977–1995
|number= 400
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight= 41.949&nbsp;[[tonne]]s to {{convert|43.5|t|lk=on}}
|length= 10.25&nbsp;m
|width= 3.15&nbsp;m
|height= 3.25&nbsp;m
|crew= 4; Commander, Driver, Gunner and Loader
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
|armour= 20&nbsp;mm (turret)
|primary_armament= 1× 155&nbsp;mm CN 155 AUF1 howitzer
|secondary_armament= 1× Browning M2 12.7mm heavy machine gun
|engine= Hispano-Suiza HS-110 Renault-Mack E9 (AuF1 TA)
|engine_power= 680&nbsp;[[horsepower|hp]] at 2400 RPM
750&nbsp;[[horsepower|hp]] at 2400 RPM (AuF1 TA)
|pw_ratio=
|suspension= torsion bar
|vehicle_range= 420–500 km
|speed= 60&nbsp;km/h on-road.
}}

The '''AMX-30 AuF1''' is a French [[self-propelled gun]] vehicle currently in use by the armies of France and [[Saudi Arabia]]. It replaced the former [[Mk F3 155mm]] in [[French Army]] service. The AuF1 primary advantage is that it incorporates full armor and nuclear-biological-chemical ([[NBC suit|NBC]]) protection for its crew of four, while the former Mk F3 155mm offered no protection and could carry only two of its four crew members. The AuF1 saw combat with the [[Iraqi Army]] in the [[Iran–Iraq War]].

==History==
Though the French [[Mk F3 155mm]] would remain in production through the 1980s, by the early 1970s the French Army realized there was an urgent need for its replacement. The Mk. 3 155mm lacked a traversable turret and nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC) protection for its crew, and could carry only two of the four crew members needed to operate it (the remaining two having to be transported in support vehicles). Development of the AuF1 began in the late 1960s under the trade name of 155 GCT (155&nbsp;mm  Grande Cadence de Tir; high rate of fire) and the first production version, known as the AuF1, was introduced during the 1980s. About 400 have been produced, with 70 having been upgraded to the AUF2 variant.

==AuF1==
The CN 155 AuF1 (Canon de 155 Automoteur Modèle F1, meaning "155 mm self-propelled gun model F1") is based on the [[AMX-30]] [[main battle tank]] (MBT) chassis and equipped with a NATO-standard 155mm 39-caliber (L/39) gun with a bustle-mounted autoloader, giving a [[rate of fire]] of 8 rounds per minute.<ref>{{Cite web |last=David.B |date=2017-10-31 |title=155mm GCT AUF1 & 2 |url=https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/france/gtc-155mm/ |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=Tank Encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> It is also equipped with a roof-mounted [[12.7mm]] anti-aircraft gun. The AUF1 has an effective range of 23,000 meters firing conventional rounds and 28,000 meters using [[Rocket Assisted Projectile]]s (RAPs).<ref name="Janes 2002" />

The first production AMX-30 AuF1s were delivered exclusively to the [[Saudi Arabian Army]], while the French Army received their first deliveries in 1980, deploying the AMX-30 AuF1 in regiments of 18 guns each. In addition, the [[Iraqi Army]] received a number of AMX-30 AuF1 variants in 1980, which they employed during the [[Iran–Iraq War]].

==Variants and upgrades==

* '''AuF1 "experimental"''':  pre-production model tested by the French field corps in 1979. They can be recognized by the lack of louver on the right front part of the turret. One of the six was also fitted with a bore evacuator. The six were later upgraded to the H standard.
* '''AuF1 H''': this designation appeared when the AuF1 T was introduced in order to distinguish the two models. The AuF1 H is fitted with a Citroën AZ 5.4&nbsp;hp auxiliary power unit (APU) mounted under armor.
* '''AuF1 T''': also known as CTI (Conduite de Tir Inertielle; inertial fire control system), it is fitted with an inertial navigation system linked to the main gun fire control system. The Citroën AZ APU is replaced by a Gévaudan micro-gas turbine, the latter required a more curved glacis plate.
* '''AuF1 TM''': also known as T-MODEX (MODule EXpérimental; "experimental module") 24 were made and were used to test the implementation of the ATLAS system. The AuF1 TM were only used by the 40th artillery regiment.
* '''AuF1 TA''': TA stands for Tourelle ATLAS (ATLAS turret), they were built on AMX-30B2 chassis (which featured stronger torsion bar) using the more powerful Renault-Mack E9 diesel engine. As this new engine was taller, a new 12&nbsp;cm turret ring was fitted in order to raise up the turret. Unlike the previous variants, the AuF1 TM lacks of APU and uses buffer batteries.
* '''AU F2''': proposed upgrade from the 1990s. Increased range (40&nbsp;km) and rate of fire (10 rnds/min) is accomplished by having a longer L/52 gun as well as an improved autoloader using modular artillery propelling charges.

==Operational history==
A battery of 8 AuF1s from the French Army's {{ill|40e régiment d'artillerie|fr}} was deployed in support of the [[Rapid Reaction Force]] on [[Igman|Mount Igman]] during the [[1995 NATO bombing campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Quand tire l'artillerie|trans-title=When artillery fires|url=http://secretdefense.blogs.liberation.fr/2008/07/22/quand-tire-lart/|date=22 July 2008|author-link=Jean-Dominique Merchet|first=Jean-Dominique|last=Marchet|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329013741/http://secretdefense.blogs.liberation.fr/2008/07/22/quand-tire-lart/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The battery provided rapid counter-battery fire against Serb artillery units during the [[siege of Sarajevo]], the long range of its guns allowing it to dominate the surrounding terrain.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=1995: L'engagement du groupement d'artillerie Leclerc, le 40e RA porte le feu depuis Igman|language=fr|date=February 2017|magazine=Soldats de France|url=https://www.defense.gouv.fr/terre/histoire-et-patrimoine/accueil/publications/soldats-de-france/soldats-de-france-n-1|publisher=[[French Army]]|first=F.|last=Jordan|issue=1|pages=7–9}}</ref>
{{Gallery
|title=AuF1 in IFOR service in 1995–1996
|mode=packed
|align=center
|File:Mostar rangelobu.jpeg|Soldiers loading shells in the ammunition racks at the rear of the turret, near Mostar
|File:Hirlimann-tourelle-AUF1.jpg|Turret removed from the tank hull for maintenance
|File:Hirlimann-Le-char-au-garage.jpeg|French AuF1 howitzer of the [[32nd Artillery Regiment (France)|32nd Artillery Regiment]] with IFOR markings being serviced near the installations of the [[1984 Winter Olympics]] at [[Sarajevo]]
}}

==Operators==
[[File:GCT 155mm operators.png|thumb|upright|GCT 155 mm operators:{{legend|#0b60d4|Current}}{{legend|#dc0023|Former}}]]
[[File:AuF1 of Saudi Arabia.JPEG|thumbnail|right|GCT 155&nbsp;mm used by Saudi Arabian Military.]]

===Current operators===
* {{FRA}} – 273 units,<ref name="Janes 2002" /> 32 in active service in 2020.
* {{KUW}} – 18 units<ref name="Janes 2002">{{cite encyclopedia|date=12 February 2002|encyclopedia=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2002–2003|title=Giat Industries 155 mm GCT self-propelled gun|first=Christopher F.|last=Foss}}</ref>
* {{SAU}} – 63 units<ref name="Janes 2002" />

===Former operators===
* {{flag|Iraq|1991}} – 86<ref name="Janes 2002" /> received between 1983 and 1985, kept in storage.

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
{{Commons category|AuF1}}

* {{cite book |last=Trewhitt |first=Philip |title=Armored Fighting Vehicles |year=1999 |page=116 |publisher=Amber Books |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-7607-1260-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Ludmann |first=Julie |title=AMX AuF1 (canon automoteur français) |year=2016|page=52|publisher=Military Photo Report|isbn=978-1366074195}}

{{ColdWarFrenchAFVs}}
{{ModernFrenchAFVs}}
{{French Army Vehicle}}

[[Category:155 mm artillery]]
[[Category:Post–Cold War artillery of France]]
[[Category:Tracked self-propelled howitzers]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s]]