Agénor de Gasparin

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Agénor de Gasparin

Agénor Étienne, comte de Gasparin (12 July 1810 - 4 May 1871) was a French statesman and author. He was also an early psychical researcher known for conducting experiments into table-tipping.

Biography

He was born at Orange, Vaucluse, the son of Adrien de Gasparin. In 1836 he entered the service of his father, then minister of the interior, as chief of a department, became master of requests in the Council of State in 1837, and in 1842 was elected to the Chamber of Deputies from Bastia in Corsica. He was an advocate of religious liberty, prison reform, abolition of slavery, and the rights of the Protestant church, of which he was a member. His independence was not relished by the government, and his sympathy for Protestantism was not shared by his constituents. He was thus voted out of office in 1846, and put all of his enthusiasm into his written work.

When the revolution of 1848 took place, he was asked to declare himself in favor of the new constitution. He refused. His disapproval of the form later given to the government by Louis Napoleon was even stronger, and he permanently moved to Switzerland.

From 1849 until his death, he lived at Geneva. In the winter, he delivered courses of lectures on economical, historical, and religious subjects, many of which were subsequently published. During the Franco-German War he addressed an appeal to the French people urging them not to persevere in it. His death was hastened by his exertions in the care of refugees from Bourbaki's army, whom he received into his house.

Spiritualism

In 1853, Gasparin with a group of his friends conducted experiments into table-tipping at his home. The experiments were conducted over a period of five months. He recorded the activity of table movements which he believed were the result of a physical force emanating from the bodies of the sitters. He proposed a theory of fluidic action (termed "ectenic force"), which he believed could explain the phenomena.[1]

Professor Marc Thury (1822-1905) from the University of Geneva who also attended some of the experiments supported Gasparin's conclusions in a pamphlet in 1855.[2] The spiritualist William Crookes was also influenced by Gasparin's experiments.[3] However, results from the experiments were never replicated and critics pointed out that the conditions were insufficient to prevent trickery.[4]

Works

He published numerous articles in the Journal des Débats and the Revue des Deux Mondes. Among his books were:

On the separation of church and state:

  • Les intérêts généraux du protestantisme français (1843)
  • Christianisme et paganisme (Christianity and Paganism; 2 vols. 8vo, 1846)

On the abolition of slavery:

  • Esclavage et traite (1838)
  • Un grand peuple qui se relève, argues for the justice of the Union cause in the American Civil War (The Uprising of a Great People, 1861)
  • L'Amérique devant l'Europe, another book advocating the Union cause (America Before Europe, 1862)

On the reform of home life:

  • La famille, ses devoirs, ses joies et ses douleurs (2 vols. 12mo, 1865)
  • La liberté morale (1863)
  • La conscience (1872)
  • L'ennemi de la famille (1874)

On the Franco-German War:

  • La déclaration de guerre, un protêt (1870)
  • La république neutre d'Alsace (1870)
  • Appel au patriotisme et au bon sens (1871)

Other works:

His biography of Innocent III, Vie d'Innocent III, was published posthumously in 1873.

Family

His wife, Valérie Boissier de Gasparin, was a noted writer.

References

  1. ^ Anderson, Rodger. (2006). Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary with Bibliographies. McFarland & Company. pp. 68-69. ISBN 978-0786427703
  2. ^ Podmore, Frank. (1897). Studies in Psychical Research. New York: Putnam. p. 44
  3. ^ Crookes, William. (1874). Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism. London: James Burns. pp. 26-27
  4. ^ Podmore, Frank. (1897). Studies in Psychical Research. New York: Putnam. p. 47 "If neither the feet nor the hands of the sitters could be employed, the knees could apparently have been used without much risk, and Thury clearly could not watch both the upper and under surfaces simultaneously. One the whole, though the experiments were conducted with care and a laudable desire not to exaggerate the importance of the facts observed, the experimenters do not appear to have sufficiently realised the possibilities of fraud; and their results add little evidence for action of a psychic, or, as Thury has preferred to name it, ectenic force."
  • Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Gasparin, Adrien Étienne Pierre, count de" . The American Cyclopædia.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Gasparin, Agénor Etienne, Count de" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Gasparin, Agénor Etienne, Comte de" . Encyclopedia Americana.

Further reading

  • Naville, Le Comte Agénor de Gasparin (Geneva, 1871)
  • Théodore Borel, Le Comte Agénor de Gasparin (2d ed., Paris, 1879; Eng. trans. by Oliver O. Howard, Count Agénor de Gasparin, New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1881)
  • Bar Fey-Boisier, La Comtesse Agnes de Gasparin et sa famille; correspondance et souvenirs, 1813-1894 (2 vols., Paris, 1902)

External links

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