Alexander Cartwright: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Alexander Cartwright Baseball.jpg|thumb|Alexander Cartwright]] |
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'''Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr.''' (April 17, 1820 – July 12, 1892) was officially credited{{Vague|date=February 2010}} by the [[United States]] [[United States Congress|Congress]] on June 3, 1953, with inventing the modern game of [[baseball]]. |
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==Baseball== |
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In the early twentieth century, the invention of baseball was attributed to [[Abner Doubleday]], widely considered a myth by later sports historians. Cartwright was a bookseller in Manhattan, and a volunteer fireman.<ref name="John Lloyd 2006">[[John Lloyd (writer)|Lloyd, J]] & [[John Mitchinson|Mitchinson, J]]: "[[The Book of General Ignorance]]". Faber & Faber, 2006.</ref> Cartwright founded the [[New York Knickerbockers (baseball)|Knickerbocker Base Ball Club]] (after the Knickerbocker Fire Engine Company) in 1842.<ref name="John Lloyd 2006" /> They played a brand of stick-and-ball game called the [[town game]]. In 1845 Cartwright and a committee from his club drew up rules converting this playground game into a more elaborate and interesting sport to be played by adults. He and other firemen played on a field at 47th and 27th Streets.<ref name="John Lloyd 2006" /> The rules of the modern game are based on their by-laws, and Cartwright is thought to be the first person to draw a diagram of a diamond shaped field.<ref name="John Lloyd 2006" /> |
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The Knickerbockers participated in the first competitive game (as opposed to intramural) under these rules on June 19, 1846. The Knickerbockers lost 21–1 to the New York Nine. |
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==Questions== |
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New York City librarian Robert W. Henderson documented Cartwright's contributions to baseball in his 1947 book ''Bat, Ball, and Bishop'', which Congress cited in recognizing Cartwright as the inventor of the modern game.<ref>{{cite book |author= Robert William Henderson |title= Ball, bat and bishop: the origin of ball games |publisher= Rockport Press |year= 1947 }}</ref> Although there is no question that Cartwright was a prominent figure in the early development of baseball, some students of baseball history have suggested that Henderson and others embellished Cartwright's role. The primary complaint is that touting Cartwright as the "true" inventor of the modern game was an effort to find an alternative single individual to counter the "invention" of baseball by [[Abner Doubleday]]. |
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Some authors have also questioned the supposed "first game" under the new rules. The Knickerbockers' score-book shows games during 1845 also. Those who have studied the score-book have concluded that the differences in the games of 1845 and 1846, compared with the specifications of the Knickerbocker rules, are minimal, such as fielding teams of 7 players instead of 9. |
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==Alexander Cartwright in Hawaii== |
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In 1849 he headed to [[California]] for the [[California Gold Rush|gold rush]], but ended up in the [[Hawaiian islands]] instead. His family came to join him in 1851: |
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wife Eliza Van Wie and son DeWitt (1843–?) daughter Mary (1845–?), daughter Catherine (Kate) Lee (1849–1851). In Hawaii sons Bruce Cartwright (1853–?) and [[Alexander Cartwright III|Alexander Joy Cartwright III]] (1855–?) were born. |
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He set up a baseball field on the island at Maliki Field. He served as fire chief of [[Honolulu]] from 1850 through June 30, 1863.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/index/assoc/HASH0113/98418827.dir/Cartwright,%20A%20J.jpg |title= Cartwright, A. J. office record |work=state archives digital collections |publisher=state of Hawaii |accessdate=2010-01-06 }}</ref> |
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As advisor to [[Kalākaua|King David Kalākaua]] and [[Queen Emma of Hawaii|Queen Emma]] the founder of baseball encouraged the growth of baseball on the islands until his death on July 12, 1892, a year before the overthrow of the [[Hawaiian monarchy]] in 1893 by American heritage missionary and sugar plantation owners. One of the leaders of the overthrow movement was [[Lorrin A. Thurston]] who played baseball with classmate Alexander Cartwright III at [[Punahou School]]. He was buried in [[Oahu Cemetery]].<ref>{{findagrave|1283}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=1HGAKf203p8C&lpg=PT88&pg=PT88#v=onepage&q=%20cemetery&f=false |author= Monica Nucciarone, John Thorn |isbn=9780803233539 |publisher= University of Nebraska Press |year= 2009 }}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[History of baseball]] |
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*[[History of Hawaii]] |
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*[[New York Knickerbockers]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* {{bbhof|id=492557}} |
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* [http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/ballplayers/C/Cartwright_Alexander.stm BaseballLibrary] - biography |
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* [http://open-site.org/Sports/Baseball/History/Biographies/Cartwright,_Alexander Open-Site] - biography |
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* {{ cite web |url= http://www.mrbaseball.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=25 |work= Mr Baseball.com |title= Alexander J. Cartwright Jr. Bio |author= Monica Nucciarone |accessdate= 2010-01-06 }} |
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{{1938 Baseball HOF}} |
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{{Baseball Hall of Fame executives}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cartwright, Alexander}} |
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[[Category:National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees]] |
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[[Category:Baseball developers]] |
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[[Category:People from Honolulu, Hawaii]] |
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[[Category:1820 births]] |
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[[Category:1892 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Hawaiian Kingdom politicians]] |
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[[es:Alexander Cartwright]] |
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[[fr:Alexander Cartwright]] |
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[[it:Alexander Cartwright]] |
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[[ja:アレクサンダー・カートライト]] |
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[[sh:Alexander Cartwright]] |
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[[th:อเล็กซานเดอร์ คาร์ตไรต์]] |
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[[zh:亞歷山大·卡特來特]] |
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Revision as of 15:54, 30 March 2010
this woman invented soccer