América Invertida
América Invertida is a 1943 pen and ink drawing by Spanish-Uruguayan artist Joaquín Torres García.
The Image
The image features a depiction of South America which has been turned from its standard depiction and instead oriented with the south at the top.
Context and purpose
Torres García's creation of the image was connected to his efforts to form a theory of "constructive universalism," meaning contemporary art that was influenced by the traditions of the indigenous Americans.[1]
With this depiction of South America, Torres García is proposing the creation of an autonomous Latin American art movement. This is closely related to his manifesto "The School of the South" in which he states “I have called this “The School of the South” because in reality, our north is the south. There must not be north for us, except in opposition to our south. Therefore we now turn the map upside down, and then we have a true idea of our position, and not as the rest of the world wishes. The point of America, from now on, forever, insistently points to the South, our north.”[2]
Critics have interpreted the image as a sociopolitical artistic work intended to counter American cultural imperialism and other cartographic and cultural norms rooted in the European colonization of the Americas.[3][4]
Legacy
The work has become an iconic in Uruguayan popular culture.[3]
References
- ^ Vicuña, Cecilia; Livon-Grosman, Ernesto (2009). The Oxford Book of Latin American Poetry: A Bilingual Anthology (in Spanish). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195124545.
- ^ "Inverted Map of South America | Urban Media Archaeology". www.wordsinspace.net. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
- ^ a b Taylor, Claire (2014-05-09). Place and Politics in Latin American Digital Culture: Location and Latin American Net Art. Routledge. ISBN 9781317912088.
- ^ Pitman, Thea; Taylor, Claire (2013). Latin American Identity in Online Cultural Production. Routledge. ISBN 9780415517447.