Anaxyrus

Anaxyrus
Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii)
American toad (Anaxyrus americanus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Anaxyrus Tschudi, 1845
Species
25, see text.

Anaxyrus is a genus of true toads in the family Bufonidae. The genus is endemic to North America and Central America. Some authors consider Anaxyrus to be a subgenus within Bufo.

Species

Binomial name	Described by, year	Common name
Anaxyrus americanus ↔ Bufo americanus	Holbrook, 1836	American toad
Anaxyrus baxteri ↔ Bufo baxteri	Porter, 1968	Wyoming toad
Anaxyrus boreas ↔ Bufo boreas	Baird & Girard, 1852	western toad
Anaxyrus californicus ↔ Bufo californicus	Camp, 1915	arroyo toad
Anaxyrus canorus ↔ Bufo canorus	Camp, 1916	Yosemite toad
Anaxyrus cognatus ↔ Bufo cognatus	Say, 1823	Great Plains toad
Anaxyrus compactilis ↔ Bufo compactilis	Wiegmann, 1833	plateau toad, Texas toad
Anaxyrus debilis ↔ Bufo debilis	Girard, 1854	North American green toad
Anaxyrus exsul ↔ Bufo exsul	G. Myers, 1942	black toad
Anaxyrus fowleri ↔ Bufo fowleri	Hinckley, 1882	Fowler's toad
Anaxyrus hemiophrys ↔ Bufo hemiophrys	Cope, 1886	Canadian toad
Anaxyrus houstonensis ↔ Bufo houstonensis	Sanders, 1953	Houston toad
Anaxyrus kelloggi ↔ Bufo kelloggi	Taylor, 1938	little Mexican toad
Anaxyrus mexicanus ↔ Bufo mexicanus	Brocchi, 1879	southwestern toad
Anaxyrus microscaphus ↔ Bufo microscaphus	Cope, 1867	Arizona toad
Anaxyrus monfontanus ↔ Bufo monfontanus	Gordon, Simandle, Sandmeier & Tracy, 2020	Hot Creek toad
Anaxyrus nelsoni ↔ Bufo nelsoni	Stejneger, 1893	Amargosa toad
Anaxyrus nevadensis ↔ Bufo nevadensis	Gordon, Simandle, Sandmeier & Tracy, 2020	Railroad Valley toad
Anaxyrus punctatus ↔ Bufo punctatus	Baird & Girard, 1852	red-spotted toad, Baird's spotted toad
Anaxyrus quercicus ↔ Bufo quercicus	Holbrook, 1840	oak toad
Anaxyrus retiformis ↔ Bufo retiformis	Sanders and H.M. Smith, 1951	Sonoran green toad
Anaxyrus speciosus ↔ Bufo speciosus	Girard, 1854	Texas toad
Anaxyrus terrestris ↔ Bufo terrestris	Bonnaterre, 1789	southern toad
Anaxyrus williamsi ↔ Bufo williamsi	Gordon, Simandle, and Tracy, 2017	Dixie Valley toad
Anaxyrus woodhousii ↔ Bufo woodhousii	Girard, 1854	Woodhouse's toad

External links

• Frost DR, Grant T [in French], Faivovich JN [in French], Bain RH [in French], Haas A [in German], Haddad CLFB [in French], De Sá RO, Channing A [in French], Wilkinson M [in French], Donnellan SC, Raxworthy CJ [in French], Campbell JA, Blotto BL, Moler P, Drewes RC, Nussbaum RA [in French], Lynch JD [in French], Green DM, Wheeler WC (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781.
• Pauly GB, Hillis DM, Cannatella DC [in French] (November 2004). "The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo)". Evolution. 58 (11): 2517–2535. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00881.x. PMID 15612295.
• Pauly, Gregory B.; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C. (June 2009). "Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names". Herpetologica. 65 (2): 115–128. doi:10.1655/08-031R1.1.

Further reading

• Tschudi JJ (1845). "Reptilium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraque observata vel collecta sunt in itinere ". Archiv für Naturgeschichte 11 (1): 150–170. (Anaxyrus, new genus, p. 170). (in Latin).