Antônio Petrus Kalil
Antônio Petrus Kalil (born March 1925)[1] was one of the operators of the jogo do bicho ("animals' game"), a popular illegal lottery in Brazil. Known as Turcão ("Big Turk"), Kalil was reported to have run the game in several towns.[2]
Kalil was one of 14 bicheiros ("bankers," the game's operators), who were sentenced to six years' imprisonment in May 1993 for operating a criminal enterprise. Kalil's brother Jose, known as "Zinho," was also convicted.[2] Denise Frossard, the judge in the case, wrote in 2007 that the 1993 sentences were the first time the existence of a mafia-type organization had been recognized in Brazil.[3] According to Frossard, Kalil was one of the organization's bosses in 1981.[4]
Notes
- ^ Template:Pt icon (subscription required) "Aos 82, Turcão já não comanda os negócios da família", Folha de S.Paulo, April 22, 2007; also available here, Ministério da Fazenda, accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ a b Frossard, Denise. "Women in Organized Crime in Brazil," in Giovanni Fiandaca (ed.), Women and the Mafia, Springer, 2007 (pp. 181–204), pp. 200–201, particularly p. 201.
- ^ Frossard 2007, p. 200.
- That Frossard was the judge in the case, see Margolis, Mac. "Last Samba for Brazil's Powerful Lottery Lords?", Los Angeles Times, May 25, 1993.
- Also see Rohter, Larry. "Brazilian Numbers Game Ties Officials to Mobsters", The New York Times, June 7, 2007.
- ^ Frossard 2007, p. 194.
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