View source for April 2015 Nepal earthquake

{{Short description|Magnitude 7.8 earthquake in Nepal}}
{{About|the Nepal earthquake that took place on 25 April 2015|the major aftershock on 12 May 2015|May 2015 Nepal earthquake}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| title = 2015 Nepal earthquake
| timestamp = 2015-04-25 06:11:25
| local-date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2015|04|25}}
| local-time = 11:56:25 [[Nepal Standard Time|NST]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us20002926|title=M7.8 – 36&nbsp;km E of Khudi, Nepal|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref>
| anss-url = us20002926
| isc-event = 607208674
| image = 2015 Nepal depremi (7).jpg
| image alt = 
| caption = Damaged homes in Kathmandu after the April mainshock.
| map2 = {{Location map+|Nepal
|places=
{{Location map~|Nepal|lat=28.230|long=84.731|mark=Bullseye1.png|marksize=50}}
{{Location map~|Nepal|lat=27.7|long=85.33|label=Kathmandu|mark=Green pog.svg}}
|relief=yes
|width=250
|float=center
|caption=Epicentre of earthquake}}
| magnitude = 7.8 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]<ref name=USGS/><br />8.1 {{M|s|link=y}}
| intensity = {{MMI|X}}<ref>{{Cite CiteSeerX|title=A quick report on the 2015 Ghorka, Nepal earthquake and its geo engineering aspects|author=Ömer Aydan|author2=Resat Ulusay|citeseerx=10.1.1.733.9209}}</ref><ref name="JOURNAL">{{Cite journal|title=Slip pulse and resonance of Kathmandu basin during the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal imaged with geodesy|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fmwbk-xbt82/files/aac6383-Galetzka-SM.pdf?download=1|author1=	Jean-Philippe Avouac|author2=Ratna mani Gupta|author3=Diego Melgar|author4=Thakur Prasad Kandel|journal=Science|year=2015|volume=349|issue=6252|pages=1091–1095|doi=10.1126/science.aac6383|pmid=26249228|s2cid=16661860|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| tsunami = 
| aftershocks = [[May 2015 Nepal earthquake|7.3 M<sub>w</sub> on 12 May at 12:50]]<ref name=usgs2>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us2000292y#general_summary|title=M6.6 – 44&nbsp;km E of Lamjung, Nepal}}</ref><br />6.7 M<sub>w</sub> on 26 April at 12:54<ref name="earthquake.usgs.gov">{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us200029bt#general_summary|title=M6.7 – 21&nbsp;km SSE of Kodari, Nepal|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref><br />459 aftershocks of 4 M<sub>w</sub> and above as of 24 May 2016<ref name="NSC Nepal">{{cite web|url=http://www.seismonepal.gov.np/|title=Aftershocks of Gorkha Earthquake|publisher=National Seismological Centre, Nepal}}</ref>
| depth = {{convert|8.2|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=USGS/>
| location = {{Coord|28.230|N|84.731|E|display=it}}<ref name=USGS/>
| type = [[Thrust fault|Thrust]]<ref name=USGS/>
| affected = {{bulleted list|[[Nepal]]|[[India]]|[[China]]|[[Bangladesh]]}}
| casualties = 8,962 dead in Nepal,<ref name=drrportal>{{cite web|url=http://drrportal.gov.np/|work=Nepal Disaster Risk Reduction Portal|publisher=drrportal.gov.np|title=Incident Report of Earthquake 2015|access-date=28 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="D2015">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Nepal-earthquake-death-toll-rises-to-8413/articleshow/47187088.cms|title=Nepal earthquake death toll rises to 8,413|date=7 May 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=9 May 2015|archive-date=9 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509190440/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Nepal-earthquake-death-toll-rises-to-8413/articleshow/47187088.cms}}</ref> 21,952 injured,<ref name=drrportal/>
3.5&nbsp;million homeless<ref name=drrportal/>
| damage = $10&nbsp;billion (about 50% of Nepal's nominal [[GDP]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-28/nepal-rebuilding-cost-to-exceed-10-billion-finance-chief-says|title=Nepal Says Earthquake Rebuilding Cost to Exceed $10 Billion|date=28 April 2015|access-date=22 May 2017|publisher=Bloomberg News}}</ref>
| name = 
| alt = 
| map = 
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Nepal 2020
| duration = 50 seconds
| fault = [[Main Himalayan Thrust]]
| damages = 
| pga = 0.25 [[peak ground acceleration|''g'']]<ref name=NEPAL-EQ-2015/>
| pgv = 108 [[peak ground velocity|cm/s]]<ref name=NEPAL-EQ-2015/>
| landslide = 
| foreshocks = 
| citations = 
}}

The '''April 2015 Nepal earthquake''' (also known as the '''Gorkha earthquake''')<ref name="NSC Nepal"/><ref>{{cite news|author1=Chidanand Rajghatta|title=Is this the 'Big Himalayan Quake' we feared?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Is-this-the-Big-Himalayan-Quake-we-feared/articleshow/47055477.cms|access-date=26 April 2015|work=The Times of India|date=26 April 2015}}</ref> killed 8,962 people and injured 21,952 across the Nepal, India, China and Bangladesh. It occurred at <time datetime="2015-04-25 11:26">{{tooltip|11:56 Nepal Standard Time|06:11:25 UTC; NST—Nepal Standard Time}}</time> on Saturday 25 April 2015, with a magnitude of 7.8[[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]<ref name=USGS/> or 8.1[[Surface wave magnitude|M<sub>s</sub>]]<ref name=CENC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cenc.ac.cn/publish/cenc/887/20150425200758215232226/index.html|publisher=China Earthquake Networks Center|script-title=zh:2015年4月25日尼泊尔8.1级地震情况通报|language=zh-cn|date=25 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504225151/http://www.cenc.ac.cn/publish/cenc/887/20150425200758215232226/index.html|archive-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> and a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli Intensity]] of X (''Extreme''). Its [[epicenter]] was east of [[Gorkha District]] at Barpak, Gorkha, roughly {{convert|85|km|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of central [[Kathmandu]], and its [[hypocenter]] was at a depth of approximately {{convert|8.2|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=USGS/> It was the worst natural disaster to strike [[Nepal]] since the [[1934 Nepal–India earthquake]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/04/26/what-1934-told-nepal-to-expect-about-the-next-big-quake/|title=What 1934 Told Nepal to Expect About the Next Big Quake|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=26 April 2015|last1=Sugden|first1=Joanna}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/neighbours/timeline-nepal-2015-to-nepal-1934-the-worst-earthquake-disasters-in-the-last-80-years|title=Timeline: Nepal 2015 to 1934, the worst quake disasters in the last 80 years|access-date=28 April 2015|date=27 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-nepal-earthquake-eerie-reminder-of-1934-tragedy-2080754|title=Nepal earthquake: Eerie reminder of 1934 tragedy|date=25 April 2015}}</ref> The ground motion recorded in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, was of low frequency, which, along with its occurrence at an hour when many people in rural areas were working outdoors, decreased the loss of human lives.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Parajuli|first1=Rishi Ram|last2=Kiyono|first2=Junji|date=1 January 2015|title=Ground Motion Characteristics of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Survey of Damage to Stone Masonry Structures and Structural Field Tests|journal=Frontiers in Built Environment|page=23|doi=10.3389/fbuil.2015.00023|volume=1|doi-access=free|hdl=2433/240972|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

The earthquake triggered [[2015 Mount Everest avalanches|an avalanche on Mount Everest]], killing 22 people,<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/27/world/asia/katmandu-nepal-fear-loss-and-devastation.html?emc=edit_th_20150427&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=58413496&_r=0 nytimes.com 2015-04-27 katmandu-nepal-fear-loss-and-devastation], ''[[The New York Times]]''; accessed 28 April 2015.</ref> the deadliest incident on the mountain on record.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trapped at 20,000 feet: Many Everest climbers await choppers as supplies run low|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/26/8-dead-as-quake-triggered-avalanche-sweeps-everest-in-nepal|access-date=26 April 2015|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Fox News|date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426032034/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/26/8-dead-as-quake-triggered-avalanche-sweeps-everest-in-nepal/|archive-date=26 April 2015}}</ref> The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the [[Langtang]] valley, where 250 people were reported missing.<ref name="Langtang"/>

Hundreds of thousands of Nepalese were made homeless with entire villages flattened<ref name="Langtang"/><ref name="MontanaPublicRadio"/><ref name="Barpak"/> across many districts of the country. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]s in the [[Kathmandu Valley]], including some at the [[Kathmandu Durbar Square]], the [[Patan Durbar Square]], the [[Bhaktapur Durbar Square]], the [[Changu Narayan]] Temple, the [[Boudhanath]] [[stupa]], and the [[Swayambhunath]] stupa. Geophysicists and other experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly earthquake, particularly because of its geology, urbanization, and architecture.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/experts-had-warned-for-decades-that-nepal-was-vulnerable-to-a-killer-quake/2015/04/25/0275959e-eb78-11e4-9a6a-c1ab95a0600b_story.html|title=Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a killer quake|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/25/opinions/stark-nepal-earthquake-geology/|title=Nepal earthquake: 'A tragedy waiting to happen' – CNN.com|author=Colin Stark|date=26 April 2015|publisher=CNN|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref> [[Dharahara]], also called Bhimsen Tower, a nine-storey {{convert|61.88|m|adj=on}} tall tower, was destroyed. It was a part of the architecture of Kathmandu recognized by UNESCO.

Continued [[aftershock]]s occurred throughout Nepal at intervals of 15–20 minutes, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at <time dateandtime="2015-04-25 12:54">12:54:08</time> [[Nepal Standard Time|NST]].<ref name="earthquake.usgs.gov"/> The country also had a continued risk of landslides.<ref>{{cite web|title=Earth Quake-hit Nepal at high risk of landslides in coming weeks|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/earth-quake-hit-nepal-at-high-risk-of-landslides-in-coming-weeks|website=Free Press Journal}}</ref>

[[May 2015 Nepal earthquake|A major aftershock]] occurred on 12 May 2015 at <time datetime="2015-05-12 12:35">{{tooltip|12:50 NST|07:05 UTC; NST—Nepal Standard Time}}</time> with a [[Moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] (M<sub>w</sub>) of 7.3.<ref name="Earthquake again in Nepal">{{cite web|title=Earthquake Again in Nepal 12 May 2015|url=http://naturaldisasters.tk/|website=The Natural Disasters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505021153/http://naturaldisasters.tk/|archive-date=5 May 2015}}</ref> The epicenter was near the Chinese border between the capital of Kathmandu and Mount Everest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-32701385|title=Nepal earthquake, magnitude 7.3, strikes near Everest|publisher=BBC News|date=12 May 2015}}</ref> More than 200 people were killed and over 2,500 were injured by this aftershock, and many were left homeless.<ref name=CNN2nd>{{cite news|title=Death toll from this week's Nepal earthquake rises above 125|publisher=CNN|date=14 May 2015|author=Manesh Shrestha|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/14/asia/nepal-earthquake/|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref>
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==Earthquake==
[[File:NepalAftershockMap.png|thumb|upright=1.25|right|Map of the earthquake and aftershocks at 12 May, showing location of major historical earthquakes]]
The earthquake occurred on 25 April 2015 at <time datetime="2015-04-25 11:56">11:56 am</time> [[Nepal Standard Time|NST]] (06:11:25 UTC) at a depth of approximately {{convert|8.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} (which is considered shallow and therefore more damaging than quakes that originate deeper in the ground),<ref name=NatGeo>{{cite web|title=Nepal Earthquake Strikes One of Earth's Most Quake-Prone Areas|work=[[National Geographic]]|author=Howard, Brian Clark|date=25 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/04/150425-nepal-earthquake-faults-geology-science|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428062836/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/04/150425-nepal-earthquake-faults-geology-science/|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 April 2015}}</ref> with its [[epicentre]] approximately {{convert|34|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Lamjung District|Lamjung]], [[Nepal]], lasting approximately 50 seconds.<ref name=alj>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/powerful-earthquake-hits-nepal-150425063918183.html|title=Powerful earthquake hits Nepal|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref> The earthquake was initially reported as 7.5 {{M|w}} by the [[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) before it was quickly upgraded to 7.8 {{M|w}}. The [[China Earthquake Networks Center]] (CENC) reported the earthquake's magnitude to be 8.1 {{M|s}}. The [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) said two powerful quakes were registered in Nepal at 06:11 UTC and 06:45 UTC. The first quake measured 7.8 {{M|w}} and its epicenter was identified at a distance of 80&nbsp;km to the northwest of [[Kathmandu]], the capital of Nepal. [[Bharatpur, Nepal|Bharatpur]] was the nearest major city to the main earthquake, {{convert|53|km|mi|abbr=on}} as the crow flies from the epicenter. The second earthquake was somewhat less powerful at 6.6 {{M|w}}. It occurred {{convert|65|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Kathmandu and its seismic focus lay at a depth of {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} below the earth's surface. Over 38 aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 {{M|w}} or greater occurred in the day following the initial earthquake, including one of 6.8 {{M|w}}.<ref name="earthNP">{{cite web|title=1 Day, Magnitude 2.5+ Worldwide|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/#%7B%22feed%22%3A%221day_m25%22%2C%22search%22%3Anull%2C%22listFormat%22%3A%22default%22%2C%22sort%22%3A%22newest%22%2C%22basemap%22%3A%22grayscale%22%2C%22autoUpdate%22%3Atrue%2C%22restrictListToMap%22%3Atrue%2C%22timeZone%22%3A%22utc%22%2C%22mapposition%22%3A%5B%5B24.666986385216273%2C80.145263671875%5D%2C%5B30.80791068136646%2C91.636962890625%5D%5D%2C%22overlays%22%3A%7B%22plates%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22viewModes%22%3A%7B%22list%22%3Atrue%2C%22map%22%3Atrue%2C%22settings%22%3Afalse%2C%22help%22%3Afalse%7D%7D|access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref>

According to the USGS, the earthquake was caused by a sudden thrust, or release of built-up stress, along the major fault line where the [[Indian plate]], carrying India, is slowly diving underneath the [[Eurasian plate]], carrying much of Europe and Asia.<ref name=NatGeo/> Kathmandu, situated on a block of crust approximately 120&nbsp;km (74 miles) wide and 60&nbsp;km (37 miles) long, rapidly shifted 3&nbsp;m (10&nbsp;ft) to the south in a matter of just 30 seconds.<ref name=SydMorn>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/kathmandu-shifts-three-metres-in-30-seconds-20150426-1mtc5x.html|date=27 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015|title=Kathmandu shifts three metres in 30 seconds|newspaper=The Washington Post|via=The Sydney Morning Herald|author=Joel Achenbach}}</ref>

The risk of a large earthquake was well known beforehand. In 2013, in an interview with seismologist Vinod Kumar Gaur, ''The Hindu'' quoted him as saying, "Calculations show that there is sufficient accumulated energy [in the [[Main Frontal Thrust]]], now to produce an 8-magnitude earthquake. I cannot say when. It may not happen tomorrow, but it could possibly happen sometime this century, or wait longer to produce a much larger one."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/was-this-the-big-earthquake-that-was-predicted-in-the-himalayas/article7141086.ece|title=Was this the big earthquake that was predicted in the Himalayas?|author=Internet Desk|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=28 April 2015|date=25 April 2015}}</ref> According to Brian Tucker, founder of a nonprofit organization devoted to reducing casualties from natural disasters, some government officials had expressed confidence that such an earthquake would not occur again. Tucker recounted a conversation he had with a government official in the 1990s who said, "We don't have to worry about earthquakes anymore, because we already had an earthquake." The previous earthquake to which he referred [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake|occurred in 1934]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/experts-had-warned-for-decades-that-nepal-was-vulnerable-to-a-killer-quake/2015/04/25/0275959e-eb78-11e4-9a6a-c1ab95a0600b_story.html|title=Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a killer quake|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref> In fact, the 600-km-long Central Himalayan [[Seismic gap|Gap]] hadn't ruptured [[1505 Lo Mustang earthquake|since 1505]].

==Geology==
{{Further|Geology of Nepal|Thrust tectonics}}
[[File:Himalayan Tectonic Summary.png|thumb|left|upright=1.1|M6+ Himalayan region earthquakes, 1900–2014]]

Nepal lies towards the southern limit of the diffuse [[continental collision|collisional]] boundary where the [[Indian plate]] underthrusts the [[Eurasian plate]],<ref>{{cite news|author=Amos, Jonathan|publisher=BBC|date=25 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|title=Why Nepal is so vulnerable to quakes|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32462763}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Earthquakes Are Devastating Nepal|url=http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101-videos/150512-nepal-earthquake-101?sf9136411=1|website=video.nationalgeographic.com|access-date=13 May 2015}}{{dead link|date=November 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> occupying the central sector of the Himalayan arc, nearly one-third of the {{convert|2400|km|abbr=on|adj=on}} long Himalayas. Geologically, the Nepal Himalayas are subdivided into five tectonic zones from north to south, east to west, and almost parallel to sub-parallel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://malekhureport.blogspot.com/p/geology-of-nepal-himalaya.html|title=Geology of Nepal – Himalaya|date=n.d.|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref> These five distinct morpho-geotectonic zones are: (1) [[Terai]] Plain; (2) Sub Himalaya ([[Siwalik Hills|Shivalik Range]]); (3) [[Lesser Himalaya]] (Mahabharat Range and mid valleys); (4) Higher Himalaya; and (5) Inner Himalaya (Tibetan Tethys).<ref name="Nepal Geology">{{cite web|url=http://www.dmgnepal.gov.np/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98&Itemid=60|publisher=Government of Nepal|title=General Geology|date=2014|access-date=27 April 2015|archive-date=4 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504211559/http://www.dmgnepal.gov.np/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98&Itemid=60|url-status=dead}}</ref> Each of these zones is clearly identified by its morphological, geological, and tectonic features.<ref name="Nepal Geology"/>

The convergence rate between the plates in central Nepal is about {{convert|45|mm|abbr=on}} per year. The location, magnitude, and [[focal mechanism]] of the earthquake suggest that it was caused by a slip along the Main Frontal Thrust.<ref name=USGS/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-the-deadly-nepal-earthquake-happened-graphic1|title=How The Deadly Nepal Earthquake Happened [GRAPHIC]|author=Josh Fischman|work=scientificamerican.com|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>

The earthquake's effects were amplified in Kathmandu as it sits on the Kathmandu Basin, which contains up to {{convert|600|m|abbr=on}} of [[sedimentary rock]]s, representing the infilling of a lake.<ref name="Mugnier et al 2011">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252784985|title=Seismites in the Kathmandu basin and seismic hazard in central Himalaya|author=Mughier J.L.|author2=Huyghe P.|author3=Gajurel A.P.|author4=Upreti B.N.|author5=Jouanne F.|name-list-style=amp|journal=Tectonophysics|year=2011|volume=509|issue=1–2|pages=33–49|doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2011.05.012|bibcode=2011Tectp.509...33M|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>

Based on a study published in 2014, of the Main Frontal Thrust, on average a great earthquake occurs every 750 ± 140 and 870 ± 350 years in the east Nepal region.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Return period of great Himalayan earthquakes in Eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|doi=10.1002/2014JB010970|author1=L. Bollinger|author2=S. N. Sapkota|author3=P. Tapponnier|author4=Y. Klinger|author5=M. Rizza|author6=J. Van der Woerd|author7=D. R. Tiwari|author8=R. Pandey|author9=A. Bitri |author10=S. Bes de Berc|year=2014|bibcode=2014JGRB..119.7123B|volume=119|issue=9|pages=7123–7163|hdl=10220/25516|s2cid=56236286|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01110591/file/2014JB010970.pdf}}</ref> A study from 2015 found a 700-year delay between earthquakes in the region. The study also suggests that because of tectonic stress buildup, the 1934 earthquake and the 2015 quake are connected, following a historic earthquake pattern.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal quake 'followed historic pattern'|date=27 April 2015|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32472310}}</ref> A 2016 study on historical great (M ≥ 8) earthquake pairs and cycles found that associated great earthquakes are likely to occur in the West China region through the 2020s.<ref name="West China">{{cite journal|last1=Men|first1=Ke-Pei|last2=Zhao|first2=Kai|title=The 2015 Nepal M8.1 earthquake and the prediction for M ≥ 8 earthquakes in West China|journal=Natural Hazards|volume=82|issue=3|pages=1767–77|date=2016|doi=10.1007/s11069-016-2268-2|bibcode=2016NatHa..82.1767M|s2cid=130330089}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Intensity===
[[File:April 2015 Nepal earthquake ShakeMap version 6.png|thumb|right|upright=1.1|USGS shakemap]]
According to the [[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] website, the maximum intensity was VIII (''Severe''), however certain reports state an intensity of X (''Extreme'') or higher.<ref name="USGS"/> In most of Kathmandu the intensity was VIII-IX, as evidenced by the numerous undamaged water towers installed on top of undamaged multi story buildings. Tremors were felt in the neighboring Indian states of [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[West Bengal]], [[Odisha]], [[Sikkim]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Gujarat]], in the National Capital Region around [[National Capital Region (India)|New Delhi]] and as far south as [[Karnataka]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=Stacey S.|last2=Hough|first2=Susan E.|last3=Hung|first3=Charleen|date=1 November 2015|title=Ground Motions from the 2015 Mw&nbsp;7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Constrained by a Detailed Assessment of Macroseismic Data|journal=Seismological Research Letters|volume=86|issue=6|pages=1524–1532|doi=10.1785/0220150138|bibcode=2015SeiRL..86.1524M|hdl=10356/104422|issn=0895-0695|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Damage was extensive in northern Bihar and minor damage was also reported from parts of Odisha.<ref name=":1" /> Shaking was felt in high-rise buildings as far as [[Kochi]] in the southern state of [[Kerala]].<ref name=":1" /> The intensity in [[Patna]] was V (''Moderate'').<ref>{{cite news|title=Massive 7.9 Earthquake jolts Bihar, North India and Nepal|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/massive-7-7-earthquake-jolts-bihar-north-india-and-nepal|access-date=25 April 2015|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|date=25 April 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=July 2016}} The intensity was IV (''Light'') in [[Dhaka, Bangladesh]].<ref name="USGS"/> The earthquake was also experienced across [[southwest China]], ranging from the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]] to [[Chengdu]], which is {{convert|1900|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from the epicenter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2015/04-25/7233529.shtml|script-title=zh:尼泊尔8.1级地震致中国西藏震感强烈有房屋倒塌|language=zh|date=25 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015|agency=China News}}</ref> Tremors were felt in [[Pakistan]]<ref name=Hjelmgaard>{{cite news|author1=Kim Hjelmgaard|title=Nepal hit by major aftershock as search for quake survivors intensifies|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/04/26/earthquake-nepal-aid-rescue-teams/26401907|access-date=26 April 2015|work=USA Today|date=26 April 2015}}</ref> and [[Bhutan]].<ref name="USGS"/><ref name=":1" />

===Aftershocks===
{{Main|List of aftershocks of the April 2015 Nepal earthquake}}
[[File:2015 Nepal earthquake.svg|thumb|right|Aftershocks of 2015 Nepal earthquake]]
A series of aftershocks began immediately after the mainshock, at intervals of 15–30 minutes, with one aftershock reaching 6.6M<sub>w</sub> within 34 minutes of the initial quake. A major aftershock of magnitude 6.9 M<sub>w</sub> occurred on 26 April 2015 in the same region at 12:54 NST (07:08 UTC), with an epicenter located about {{convert|17|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Kodari]], Nepal.<ref name=Hjelmgaard/><ref>{{cite news|title=Fresh Tremors in North India, Including Delhi, a Day After Nepal Earthquake|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/fresh-tremors-in-north-india-including-delhi-a-day-after-nepal-earthquake-758240|access-date=26 April 2015|work=NDTV|date=26 April 2015}}</ref> The aftershock caused fresh avalanches on Mount Everest and was felt in many places in northern India including [[Kolkata]], [[Siliguri]], [[Jalpaiguri]], and [[Assam]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/neighbours/live-nepal-continues-to-battle-amid-fear-death-toll-still-rising/|newspaper=The Indian Express|title=LIVE: Death toll rises to 2200 in Nepal earthquake, India resumes rescue ops|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref> The aftershock caused a landslide on the [[List of roads in Nepal|Koshi Highway]], which blocked the section of the road between [[Dharan, Nepal|Bhedetar]] and Mulghat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/04/26/top-story/koshi-highway-obstructed/404544.html|title=Koshi Highway obstructed|work=ekantipur.com|access-date=27 April 2015|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518063503/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/04/26/top-story/koshi-highway-obstructed/404544.html}}</ref>

A model of GeoGateway, based on a [[United States Geological Survey]] mechanism of a near-horizontal fault as well as the location of aftershocks showed that the fault had an 11° [[strike and dip|dip]] towards the north, striking at 295°, was {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}} wide, {{convert|150|km|abbr=on}} long, and had a dip slip of {{convert|3|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ds.iris.edu/ds/nodes/dmc/specialevents/2015/04/25/nepal|title=IRIS: Special Event: Nepal|publisher=IRIS Consortium}}</ref> The USGS says the aftershock registered at a shallow depth of {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="auto"/>

As of 24 May 2016, 459 aftershocks had occurred with different epicenters and magnitudes equal to or above 4 M<sub>w</sub> (out of which 51 aftershocks are equal to or above 5 M<sub>w</sub> and 5 aftershocks above 6 M<sub>w</sub>) and more than 20,000 aftershocks less than 4 M<sub>w</sub>.<ref name="NSC Nepal"/>

===12 May 2015 earthquake===
{{Main|May 2015 Nepal earthquake}}
A second major earthquake occurred on 12 May 2015 at 12:50 NST with a [[moment magnitude]] (M<sub>w</sub>) of 7.3M<sub>w</sub> 18&nbsp;km (11&nbsp;mi) southeast of [[Kodari]]. The epicenter was near the [[China–Nepal border|Chinese border]] between the capital city of [[Kathmandu]] and [[Mount Everest]]. It struck at a depth of 18.5&nbsp;km (11.5 miles). This earthquake occurred along the same fault as the original magnitude 7.8 earthquake of 25 April but further to the east. As such, it is considered an [[aftershock]] of the 25 April quake.<ref name="USGS Desc 2">{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us20002ejl#general_summary|title=M7.3 – 18km SE of Kodari, Nepal|publisher=USGS Earthquake Hazards Program}}</ref> Tremors were also felt in northern parts of India including [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[West Bengal]] and other North-Indian States.<ref>{{cite news|title=7.3 Magnitude Earthquake hits North India including Bihar|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/05/7-3-magnitude-earthquake-hits-north-india-including-bihar/|access-date=12 May 2015|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|date=12 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32701385|title=Nepal earthquake, magnitude 7.3, strikes near Everest|date=12 May 2015|publisher=BBC News|access-date=12 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=M7.3 – 18km SE of Kodari, Nepal|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us20002ejl#general_summary|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=12 May 2015|access-date=12 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hough|first1=Susan E.|last2=Martin|first2=Stacey S.|last3=Gahalaut|first3=Vineet|last4=Joshi|first4=Anand|last5=Landes|first5=M.|last6=Bossu|first6=R.|date=1 December 2016|title=A comparison of observed and predicted ground motions from the 2015 MW7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake|journal=Natural Hazards|volume=84|issue=3|pages=1661–1684|doi=10.1007/s11069-016-2505-8|bibcode=2016NatHa..84.1661H|s2cid=133079443|issn=0921-030X|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1232832}}</ref> At least 153 people died in Nepal as a result of the aftershock and about 2,500 were injured. 62 others died in India, two in Bangladesh, and one in China.<ref name=CNN2nd /><ref name=CNNclimbs />

==Aftermath==
{{See also|Nepal humanitarian crisis (2015-2017)}}
Disastrous events in very poor and politically paralyzed nations such as Nepal often become [[Butterfly effect|a long drawn out chain of events]], in that one disaster feeds into another for years or even decades on end. The aftereffects of the earthquake had subsequent effects on a myriad of things: [[human trafficking]], [[Employment|labour]] cost and availability, rental and property cost burdens, [[urbanization]], private and public debt burdens, mental health, politics, [[tourism]], disease, and damage to the healthcare system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://growuptogether.org/cause/nepal-earthquake/|title=Grow Up Together " Nepal Earthquake|website=growuptogether.org|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509160221/http://growuptogether.org/cause/nepal-earthquake/|archive-date=9 May 2016}}</ref> A survey [https://phys.org/news/2017-11-nepal-earthquake-reconstruction-wont-vulnerability.html some 30 months later] found only 12% of the reconstruction money had been distributed, and those without land were locked out of financial support, exacerbating the social divide and feeding marginalization.

===More direct effects===
Some disasters that came with the [[monsoon season]] were suspected to be related to the earthquake. There was a landslip on 11 June, killing 53 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/06/11/top-story/taplejung-landslide-death-toll-reaches-53/406438.html|title=Taplejung landslide death toll reaches 53|work=ekantipur.com|access-date=13 June 2015|archive-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612215150/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/06/11/top-story/taplejung-landslide-death-toll-reaches-53/406438.html}}</ref> Meanwhile, a glacial lake had burst in the particularly hard-hit Solukhumbhu district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/06/11/top-story/glacial-lake-burst-triggers-floods-in-solu/406455.html|title=Glacial lake burst triggers floods in Solu|work=ekantipur.com|access-date=13 June 2015|archive-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612215140/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/06/11/top-story/glacial-lake-burst-triggers-floods-in-solu/406455.html}}</ref> Whether or not the quake contributed to such events is often unknown and unresearched, but it is certainly possible.

<!--This table lists a general death toll by number of casualties in each country where the earthquake extended to; If a foreign citizen died in Nepal, then this should be added to the Nepalese death toll.-->
{|class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="clear:right; margin-left:7px; margin-top:0; margin-right:0; margin-bottom:3px;"
|+Casualties by country, all nationalities
|-
! Country
! Deaths !! Injuries !! Ref.
|-
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|align=right|8,857
|align=right|22,304
|<ref name=drrportal/><ref name="MoHA">{{cite news|work=National Emergency Operation Centre (Nepal Govt.) on Twitter|date=3 May 2015|access-date=3 May 2015|url=https://twitter.com/NEoCOfficial|title=National Emergency Operation Centre|language=ne}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|align=right|78
|align=right|560
|<ref name="Zee India Toll">{{cite web|title=Quake toll in India now 78|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/quake-toll-in-india-now-78_1587267.html|website=Zee News|date=29 April 2015|access-date=4 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|China}}<!-- DO NOT change into Tibet, it is not part of the list of sovereign states on the wikipedia page-->
|align=right|25
|align=right|383
|<ref name="Xinhua">{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-04/28/c_134193125.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518122639/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-04/28/c_134193125.htm|archive-date=18 May 2015|title=25 dead, 383 injured in Tibet following Nepal earthquake|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=28 April 2015|access-date=5 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|align=right|4
|align=right|200
|<ref name="Bdnews24.com">{{cite news|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/04/27/4-killed-18-bangladesh-districts-affected-in-earthquake-says-govt|title=4 killed, 18 Bangladesh districts affected in earthquake, says govt|publisher=Bdnews24.com|access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:left"|Total
! style="text-align:right"| 8,964
! style="text-align:right"| 23,447
!
|}
<!--NOTE: Put all foreign casualties into the table below, but don't subtract them from the above table, which lists total casualties per country affected. Order countries first by number of deaths, then by number of injuries, and then alphabetically by country.-->
{|class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="margin-left:7px; margin-top:0; margin-right:0; clear:right;"
|+Foreign casualties in Nepal
|-
!Nationality !!Deaths !!<abbr title="References">Ref.</abbr>
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|align=right|78<br />
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.saddahaq.com/human-interest/nepal/40-indian-nationals-confirmed-dead-in-nepalearthquake-8-are-missing|access-date=4 May 2015|title=40-indian-nationals-confirmed-dead-in-nepalearthquake-8-are-missing|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505055528/https://www.saddahaq.com/human-interest/nepal/40-indian-nationals-confirmed-dead-in-nepalearthquake-8-are-missing|archive-date=5 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|align=right|10
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/nepal/la-france-et-le-nepal/evenements-4190/article/nepal-tremblement-de-terre-point|title=Népal – Tremblement de terre – Point de situation (11.05.15)|author=Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international|work=France Diplomatie :: Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}
|align=right|7
|<ref>{{cite news|title=España concluye el rescate en Nepal al dar por muertos a los desaparecidos|newspaper=El País|url=http://elpais.com/m/politica/2015/05/09/actualidad/1431180457_531742.html|language=es|date=9 May 2015|access-date=12 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|align=right|7
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.komonews.com/news/local/Families-now-convinced-2-Seattle-teens-died-in-Nepal-quake-303848951.html|title=Families now convinced 2 Seattle teens died in Nepal quake|publisher=[[KOMO-TV|KOMO News]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=14 May 2015|access-date=15 May 2015|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226113819/https://komonews.com/news/local/families-now-convinced-2-seattle-teens-died-in-nepal-quake-11-21-2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pressherald.com/2015/06/09/family-of-mainer-dawn-habash-acknowledges-her-death-on-facebook/|title=Family of Augusta woman acknowledges her death in Nepal earthquake|author=David Hench|date=9 June 2015|newspaper=[[Portland Press Herald]]}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
|align=right|5
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/images/crisis-detail-2072-01-18/Earthquake%20Disaster072.01.22.pdf|title=Foreigner victims Detail of Earthquake|publisher=[[Nepal Police]]|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.n24.de/n24/Nachrichten/Panorama/d/6634278/fuenftes-deutsches-erdbeben-opfer-entdeckt.html|title=Fünftes deutsches Erdbeben-Opfer entdeckt|publisher=n24.de|date=13 May 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|China}}
|align=right|4 
|<ref name="BBC-Int">{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: International aid effort increased|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32483119|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}
|align=right|4
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emergenza24.org/terremoto-nepal-25-04-2015|title=terremoto Nepal|work=Emergenza24|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|align=right|2
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/st-albert-couple-confirmed-dead-following-nepal-earthquake-1.2355694|title=St. Albert couple confirmed dead following Nepal earthquake|publisher=[[CFRN-DT|CTV Edmonton]]|date=2 May 2015|access-date=2 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
|align=right|2
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/520389.html|title=Russian Diplomats Missing in Nepal Found Dead|newspaper=[[The Moscow Times]]|date=8 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|''(dual)''<br />{{flag|Australia}} <br />{{flag|India}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Kashmiri-origin mountaineer Renu Fotedar dies in Everest avalanche|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|agency=(includes input from) [[Press Trust of India]]|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kashmiri-origin-mountaineer-renu-fotedar-dies-in-everest-avalanche-family-mourns/article1-1341690.aspx|date=28 April 2015|access-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428110856/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kashmiri-origin-mountaineer-renu-fotedar-dies-in-everest-avalanche-family-mourns/article1-1341690.aspx|archive-date=2015-04-28|quote=Fotedar, 49, was an avid climber who held dual Indian and Australian citizenship}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: Melbourne woman Renu Fotedar killed|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/nepal-earthquake-melbourne-woman-renu-fotedar-killed-20150427-1muljl.html|date=27 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
<!--NOTE: Renu Fotedar is dual nationality Indian-Australian, living in Switzerland.-->
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>
* {{cite news|title=Teadaolevalt on Nepali maavärinas hukkunud üks Eesti kodanik|language=et|trans-title=One Estonian citizen is known to have died in the Nepal earthquake|work=[[Postimees]]|date=26 April 2015|url=http://www.postimees.ee/3169817/teadaolevalt-on-nepali-maavarinas-hukkunud-uks-eesti-kodanik|access-date=28 April 2015}}
* {{cite news|title=Earthquake claims life of one Estonian|work=Postimees|url=http://news.postimees.ee/3170559/earthquake-claims-life-of-one-estonian|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Hong Kong}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Hong Kong resident confirmed dead in Nepal earthquake as 15 more remain missing|publisher=SCMP|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/1779232/hong-kong-resident-confirmed-dead-nepal-earthquake|date=28 April 2015|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
<!--NOTE: Hong Kong citizens are not equivalent to Chinese citizens. The victim holds a Hong Kong permanent resident card. He is a dual British-Hong Kong citizen. He is not a Chinese citizen-->
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>
* {{cite news|title=Rescue team: Body of missing Israeli found in Nepal|trans-title=Emergency relief group says 22-year-old Or Asraf's body was located and identified|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=3 May 2015|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/rescue-team-body-of-missing-israeli-found-in-nepal/|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake death toll expected to rise sharply – live updates|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/apr/27/nepal-earthquake-rescue-efforts-thousands-seek-shelter-rolling-report|date=27 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/asia/body-confirmed-be-malaysian-nepal-earthquake|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113637/http://news.asiaone.com/news/asia/body-confirmed-be-malaysian-nepal-earthquake|archive-date=18 May 2015|title=Body confirmed to be Malaysian in Nepal earthquake|author=Desiree Tresa Gasper|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]/[[Asia News Network]]|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]|date=8 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/asia/68081530/One-Kiwi-dead-after-Nepal-earthquake|title=One Kiwi dead after Nepal earthquake|author1=Andrea Vance|author2=Rosanna Price|date=28 April 2015|publisher=Stuff|location=New Zealand|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: British gap year student confirmed dead|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-32674395|publisher=BBC News|date=9 May 2015|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:left"|Total
! style="text-align:right"|127
!
|}

===Casualties===
====Nepal====
The earthquake killed at least 8,857 people in Nepal<ref name=drrportal/><ref>{{cite news|author1=Jason Burke|author2=Ishwar Rauniyar|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/01/nepal-earthquake-death-toll-passes-6000-with-thousands-still-missing|title=Nepal earthquake death toll exceeds 6,000 with thousands unaccounted for &#124; World news|newspaper=The Guardian|date=1 May 2015|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://drrportal.gov.np/incidentreport|title=Incident Report of Earthquake 2015|website=Nepal Disaster Risk Reduction Portal|date=29 June 2015|access-date=22 May 2017|url-status=deviated|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629024928/http://drrportal.gov.np/incidentreport|archive-date=29 June 2015}}</ref> and injured nearly three times as many. The rural death toll may have been minimized by the fact that most villagers were outdoors working when the quake hit.<ref>"[https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/04/29/the-latest-on-nepal-under-rubble-man-says-he-drank-urine The Latest on Nepal: In Ravaged Hamlets, Lives Were Spared]", ''U.S. News & World Report'', 29 April 2015.</ref> As of 15 May, 6,271 people, including 1,700 from the 12 May aftershock, were still receiving treatment for their injuries.<ref name=CNNclimbs>{{cite news|title=Nepal's latest earthquake: Death toll climbs above 100|publisher=CNN|date=15 May 2015|author=Manesh Shrestha|author2=Jethro Mullen|author3=Laura Smith-Spark|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/14/asia/nepal-earthquake/|access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> Nearly 3.5&nbsp;million people were left homeless, causing around 2.6 million [[Internally displaced person|internal displacements]].<ref name="MoHA"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=11 May 2016|title=2016 Global Report on Internal Displacement (GRID 2016)|url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2016-global-report-internal-displacement-IDMC.pdf|website=Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118024343/https://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2016-global-report-internal-displacement-IDMC.pdf|archive-date=18 January 2024}}</ref>

The example of this earthquake shows that loss calculations for hypothetical likely future earthquakes can be reasonably reliable. In 2005, the expected numbers of fatalities due to a hypothetical scenario earthquake near Kathmandu for M8.1 was published.<ref>Wyss, M. (2005), Human losses expected in Himalayan earthquakes Nat. Hazards, 34, 305–314.</ref> The fatalities at that time were estimated between 21,000 and 42,000. The M7.8 earthquake of 25 April 2015 killed about 8,800 people because it occurred on a Saturday and so many buildings that collapsed, such as schools and municipal buildings, were empty, reducing the death toll. In addition, the epicentre of the earthquake was in a rural setting, so the worst hit districts had low population densities and most of the population was outside when the earthquake hit.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Save the Children|date=2015|title=Causes of deaths and injuries in the 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) Earthquake|url=https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/pdf/causes_of_deaths_and_injuries_nepal_earthquake_report_eng_2017.pdf|last1=Baral|first1=Sushil|last2=Gajurel|first2=Subash|last3=Giri|first3=Santosh|last4=Paci-Green|first4=Rebekah|last5=Pandey|first5=Bishnu|last6=Petal|first6=Marla|last7=Rajbanshi|first7=Samedha|last8=Shoaf|first8=Kimberly|access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref> Had the earthquake occurred at night or during the working week, when many more people were inside vulnerable buildings, the death toll would have likely been much closer to the modelled estimate. 
[[File:Fatality reprt w time Nepal.jpg|thumb|450px|left|alt=A .|Fatality reports by the media as a function of time, compared to the QLARM calculation (horizontal line) made after the rupture area of the Kathmandu earthquake had been mapped. Uncertainty extent given by the vertical solid line. The source for news reports is the NINTRAS web site of the Swiss Seismological Service. All reports, including lower values exceeded by others, are given.]]
After the rupture area of the Kathmandu 2015 earthquake had been derived<ref>Hayes, G. P., et al. (2015), Rapid characterization of the 2015 MW 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake sequence and its seismotectonic context, Seismol. Res. Lett., 86(6), 1557–1567.</ref> and the intensities of shaking had been mapped,<ref>Martin, S. S., S. E. Hough, and C. Hung (2015), Ground motions from the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake constrained by a detailed assessment of macroseismic data, Seismol. Res. Lett., 86(6), 1524–1532.</ref> a line source model for losses could be constructed with energy being radiated along the entire rupture.<ref>Wyss, M. (2017). Four loss estimates for the Gorkha M7.8 earthquake, 25 April 2015, before and after it occurred, Natural Hazards, Special Issue, doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2648-7.</ref> The fatalities estimated in this way by QLARM agree with those reported in the end. The figure shows reports of fatalities as a function of time. News reports significantly underestimated the actual numbers of fatalities for several days.

''[[The Himalayan Times]]'' reported that as many as 20,000 foreign nationals may have been visiting Nepal at the time of the earthquake, although reports of foreign deaths were relatively low.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

====India====

A total of 78 deaths were reported in India – including 58 in Bihar, 16 in Uttar Pradesh, 3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan.<ref name="Zee India Toll"/>

====China====
Twenty-seven people were confirmed dead, 383 were injured and 4 were missing, all from the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]].<ref name="Xinhua"/> 
The quake destroyed 2,500 houses and damaged 24,700 others across 19 counties in [[Tibet]], affecting nearly 300,000 people, among whom 47,500 were displaced, while A total of 82 temples were also damaged.<ref name="Xinhua"/> The counties of [[Gyirong County|Gyirong]], [[Nyalam County|Nyalam]] and [[Tingri County|Tingri]] in [[Shigatse|Xigazê]] were worst hit, where nearly 80 percent of the houses in the three counties collapsed.<ref name="Xinhua"/>

====Bangladesh====
Four people were killed and 18 districts were affected by the earthquake in Bangladesh.<ref name="Bdnews24.com"/> A six-story building partially collapsed and two garment factories tilted in [[Dhaka]].<ref name="Bdnews24.com"/> A 22-year-old man died when trying to flee the [[Dhaka Medical College]] in a panic.<ref name="Bdnews24.com"/> In [[Tangail]], a woman died trying to escape a building.<ref name="Bdnews24.com"/> Another woman was crushed to death by a collapsed wall while a teacher died of a [[heart attack]] during the earthquake.<ref name="Bdnews24.com"/>

====Avalanches on Mount Everest====
{{Main|2015 Mount Everest avalanches}}
This earthquake caused [[avalanche]]s on [[Mount Everest]]. At least 19 died,<ref name=WAPOeyes>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/everest-avalanche-2015/|title=Everest's avalanche, through the climbers' eyes|date=2 May 2015|access-date=4 May 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> with at least 120 others injured or missing.<ref name=WAPOeyes/>

====Landslides in the Langtang Valley====
In the [[Langtang|Langtang valley]] located in [[Langtang National Park]], 329 people were reported missing after an avalanche hit the village of Ghodatabela<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.english.astroawani.com/world-news/89-foreigners-missing-after-earthquake-nepal-60604|title=89 foreigners missing after earthquake in Nepal|publisher=aswani|date=23 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|archive-date=11 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611135322/http://m.english.astroawani.com/world-news/89-foreigners-missing-after-earthquake-nepal-60604|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20150428/250-people-feared-missing-after-mudslide-in-nepal-village|title=250 people feared missing after mudslide in Nepal village|date=28 April 2015|access-date=1 May 2015|work=Daily News|last=Daigle|first=Katy}}</ref> and the [[Langtang, Bagmati|village of Langtang]]. The avalanche was estimated to have been two to three kilometres wide. Ghodatabela was an area popular on the Langtang trekking route.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2015/04/29/langtang-1/|title=Landslides in Langtang during and after the Nepal earthquake|date=29 April 2015|access-date=1 May 2015|website=AGU Blogosphere|last=Dave}}</ref> The village of Langtang was destroyed by the avalanche. Smaller settlements on the outskirts of Langtang were buried during the earthquake, such as Chyamki, Thangsyap, and Mundu. Twelve locals and two foreigners were believed to have survived. Smaller [[landslide]]s occurred in the [[Trishuli River]] Valley with reports of significant damage at Mailung, Simle, and [[Archale]].<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/11564493/British-archeologist-terrified-after-narrowly-escaping-death-in-Nepalese-earthquake.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/11564493/British-archeologist-terrified-after-narrowly-escaping-death-in-Nepalese-earthquake.html|archive-date=12 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=British archeologist 'terrified' after narrowly escaping death in Nepalese earthquake|access-date=28 April 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/south-central-asia/91479-nepal-avalanche-missing-ghodatabela-langtang|title=Landslides in Langtang during and after the Nepal earthquake|date=29 April 2015|access-date=1 May 2015|website=Rappler.com|agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> On 4 May it was announced that 52 bodies had been found in the Langtang area, of which seven were of foreigners.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shashank Bengali and Bhrikuti Rai|title=Nepal quake: 52 bodies found in remote valley where trekkers missing|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-nepal-earthquake-dead-20150504-story.html|website=Los Angeles Times|date=4 May 2015|access-date=4 May 2015}}</ref>

According to geological models, the frequency and intensity of future landslides in the Langtang Valley is due to increase in the coming decades.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Parker|first1=R. N.|last2=Hancox|first2=G. T.|last3=Petley|first3=D. N.|last4=Massey|first4=C. I.|last5=Densmore|first5=A. L.|last6=Rosser|first6=N. J.|date=20 October 2015|title=Spatial distributions of earthquake-induced landslides and hillslope preconditioning in the northwest South Island, New Zealand|journal=Earth Surface Dynamics|volume=3|issue=4|pages=501–525|doi=10.5194/esurf-3-501-2015|issn=2196-6311|bibcode=2015ESuD....3..501P|doi-access=free|url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/1428951/1/Published%20Journal%20Article}}</ref> This is attributable directly to the effect of the earthquake, which caused widespread fracturing in the grounds of the Langtang area.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Qiu|first=Jane|author-link=Jane Qiu|date=28 April 2016|title=Killer landslides: The lasting legacy of Nepal's quake|journal=Nature|volume=532|issue=7600|pages=428–431|doi=10.1038/532428a|pmid=27121822|bibcode=2016Natur.532..428Q|doi-access=free}}</ref>

===Damage===
{{multiple image
|width=160
|header=The [[Dharahara]] tower
|image1=
|alt1=
|caption1=Before the earthquake
|image2=
|alt2=
|caption2=After the earthquake
}}
[[File:Qatar Airways Cargo B777 providing humanitarian support after the 2015 Nepal earthquake April 26, 2015.JPG|thumb|People waiting on airport tarmac for flights after aftershocks forced the airport to open all exit doors]]
[[File:durbarsquare after earthquake 3.JPG|thumb|Damage in the [[Nautalle Durbar|Basantpur Durbar]] Square]]
Thousands of houses were destroyed across many districts of the country, with entire villages flattened, especially those near the epicenter.<ref name="Langtang">{{cite news|last1=Shrestha|first1=Sahina|title=Langtang is gone|url=http://nepalitimes.com/article/nation/langtang-destroyed-in-earthquake,2205|access-date=2 May 2015|work=[[Nepali Times]]|date=1 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="MontanaPublicRadio">{{cite news|last1=McCarthy|first1=Julie|title=He Carried His Mom on His Back For 5 Hours En Route To Medical Care|url=http://mtpr.org/post/he-carried-his-mom-his-back-5-hours-en-route-medical-care|access-date=2 May 2015|work=Montana Public Radio|date=30 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="Barpak">{{cite news|last1=Kaini|first1=Sudip|title=Great Earthquake wipes out Barpak|url=http://www.ekantipur.com.np/the-kathmandu-post/2015/04/29/news/great-earthquake-wipes-out-barpak/275829.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504211559/http://www.ekantipur.com.np/the-kathmandu-post/2015/04/29/news/great-earthquake-wipes-out-barpak/275829.html|archive-date=4 May 2015|access-date=2 May 2015|work=The Kathmandu Post|date=29 April 2015}}</ref>

The [[Tribhuvan International Airport]] serving Kathmandu was closed immediately after the earthquake, but was re-opened later in the day for relief operations and, later, for some commercial flights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/World/2015/04/25/article568316.ece/Kathmandu-airport-shut-flights-to-resume-from-Sunday|title=Kathmandu airport shut, flights to resume from Sunday|publisher=ABP Live|date=25 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref> It subsequently shut down operations sporadically due to aftershocks,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/quake-agony-revealed-quietly-on-trip-from-nepal-airport/2015/04/26/2720d6ac-ec2b-11e4-8050-839e9234b303_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504225215/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/quake-agony-revealed-quietly-on-trip-from-nepal-airport/2015/04/26/2720d6ac-ec2b-11e4-8050-839e9234b303_story.html|archive-date=4 May 2015|title=Quake agony revealed quietly on trip from Nepal airport|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref> and on 3 May was closed temporarily to the largest planes for fear of runway damage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kathmandu shuts airport to big jets|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/world/kathmandu-shuts-airport-to-big-jets-328542.html|website=Irish Examiner|access-date=4 May 2015|date=3 May 2015}}</ref> During strong aftershocks, the airport opened all boarding-lounge exit doors onto the tarmac, allowing people who were waiting post security and immigration to flee to the open spaces of the runway tarmac. Many remained outside as planes were delayed and the airport swelled to capacity. The airport facilities suffered damage and there was no running water or operating toilets in the airport lounges. Few airport workers were at their posts; most were killed in the earthquake or had to deal with its aftereffects.<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/rescue-crews-expand-helicopter-sorties-to-reach-remote-villages/2015/04/27/e44280c2-ec63-11e4-8050-839e9234b303_story.html|title=In earthquake's deadly aftermath, Nepalis grieve the loss of their sacred landmarks|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>

Flights resumed from Pokhara, to the west of the epicentre, on 27 April.<ref>{{cite web|title=Relief for tourists after Pokhara flights resume|url=http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/14186-relief-for-tourists-after-pokhara-flights-resume.html|website=[[The Myanmar Times]]|date=29 April 2015}}</ref>

{{multiple image
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|header=[[Kathmandu Durbar Square]]
|image1=Kathmandu Durbar Square, Nepal.JPG
|alt1=
|caption1=Before the earthquake
|image2=
|alt2=
|caption2=After the earthquake
}}

[[File:Nepal Earthquake 2015 01.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|Building damage as a result of the earthquake]]
Several of the churches in the Kathmandu valley were destroyed. As Saturday is the principal day of Christian worship in Nepal, 500 people were reported to have died in the collapses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/nepal-quake-collapses-churches-on-worshippers-during-service-bodies-still-not-recovered-138517|title=Nepal Quake Collapses Churches on Worshippers During Service; Bodies Still Not Recovered|date=May 2015|publisher=Christianpost.com|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/gleanings/2015/april/nepal-earthquake-dashes-christians-hopes-constitution.html|title=Nepal Earthquake Collapses Churches during Weekly Worship Services|date=27 April 2015|publisher=ChristianityToday.com|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref>

Several [[temple]]s on [[Kathmandu Durbar Square]], a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], collapsed,<ref name=alj/> as did the [[Dharahara]] tower, built in 1832; the collapse of the latter structure killed at least 180 people,<ref>{{cite news|title=Historic Tower Collapses in Nepal Earthquake|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/25/dharahara-tower-nepal-earthquake_n_7142484.html|newspaper=Huffington Post|access-date=28 April 2015|date=25 April 2015|last1=Goyette|first1=Braden}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Deepak Nagpal|title=LIVE: Two major quakes rattle Nepal; historic Dharahara Tower collapses, deaths reported in India|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/live-two-major-quakes-rattle-nepal-historic-dharahara-tower-collapses-deaths-reported-in-india_1584785.html|access-date=25 April 2015|work=[[Zee News]]|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Historic Dharahara tower collapses in Kathmandu after earthquake|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-historic-dharahara-tower-collapses-in-kathmandu-after-quake-2080587|date=25 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/180-bodies-retrieved-from-debris-of-Nepals-historic-tower/articleshow/47051438.cms|title=180 bodies retrieved from debris of Nepal's historic tower|website=The Times of India|date=25 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref> [[Manakamana]] Temple in Gorkha, previously damaged in an earlier quake, tilted several inches further. The northern side of [[Janaki Mandir]] in [[Janakpur]] was reported to have been damaged.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} Several temples, including [[Kasthamandap]], Panchtale temple, the top levels of the nine-story Basantapur Durbar, the Dasa Avtar temple and two shrines located behind the Shiva Parvati temple were demolished by the quake. Some other monuments including the Taleju Bhawani Temple partially collapsed.<ref name="naturaldisasters1">{{cite web|title=Earthquake in Nepal 2015|url=http://naturaldisasters.tk/|website=The Natural Disasters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505021153/http://naturaldisasters.tk/|archive-date=5 May 2015}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/25/world/asia/nepal-landmarks-before-after-earthquake.html Before and After the Earthquake in Nepal (photographs)], ''The New York Times'', 25 April 2015; accessed 4 May 2015.</ref>

[[File:Gorkha Earthquake Effect.jpg|thumb|Damaged building in Balaju area]]

The top of the Jaya Bageshwari Temple in Gaushala and some parts of the [[Pashupatinath Temple]], [[Swyambhunath]], [[Boudhanath]] Stupa, [[Ratna Mandir]], inside Rani Pokhari, and [[Durbar High School]] have been destroyed.<ref name="auto1">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Historical-monuments-lost-forever-30258805.html|magazine=[[The Nation]]|title=Historical monuments lost forever|date=26 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>

In Patan, the Char Narayan Mandir, the statue of Yog Narendra Malla, a pati inside Patan Durbar Square, the Taleju Temple, the Hari Shankar, Uma Maheshwar Temple and the Machhindranath Temple in Bungamati were destroyed. In Tripureshwar, the Kal Mochan Ghat, a temple inspired by Mughal architecture, was completely destroyed and the nearby Tripura Sundari also suffered significant damage. In Bhaktapur, several monuments, including the Phasi Deva temple, the Chardham temple and the 17th century Vatsala Durga Temple were fully or partially destroyed.<ref name="auto1"/>

Outside the Valley, the [[Manakamana]] Temple in Gorkha, the Gorkha Durbar, the Palanchok Bhagwati, in [[Kavrepalanchowk District|Kabhrepalanchok District]], the Rani Mahal in [[Palpa District]], the [[Churiyamai]] in [[Makwanpur District]], the Dolakha Bhimsensthan in [[Dolakha District]], and the Nuwakot Durbar suffered varying degrees of damage. Historian Prushottam Lochan Shrestha stated, "We have lost most of the monuments that had been designated as World Heritage Sites in [[Kathmandu]], [[Bhaktapur]] and [[Lalitpur District, Nepal]]. They cannot be restored to their original states."<ref name="auto1"/> The northeastern parts of India also received major damage. Heavy shocks were felt in the states of Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and others. Huge damage was caused to the property and the lives of the people.

===Economic loss===
[[File:Nepal Earthquake 2015 08.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|Road damage in Nepal]]

Concern was expressed that harvests could be reduced or lost this season as people affected by the earthquake would have only a short time to plant crops before the onset of the [[Monsoon]] rains.<ref>{{cite news|title=In Nepal, senior UN official warns 'clock is ticking' for earthquake relief efforts|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=50757#.VUfEByzhWeI|access-date=4 May 2015|work=The United Nations News Centre|date=4 May 2015}}</ref>

Nepal, with a total Gross Domestic Product of US$19.921&nbsp;billion (according to a 2012 estimate),<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal Economy Devastated Following Earthquake|url=http://primepair.com/global-outlook/nepal-economy-devastated-following-earthquake-27-04-2015|website=PrimePair|access-date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518065506/http://primepair.com/global-outlook/nepal-economy-devastated-following-earthquake-27-04-2015|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> is one of Asia's poorest countries, and has little ability to fund a major reconstruction effort on its own.<ref name="Bloomberg Business">{{cite news|title=Nepal's Slowing Economy Set for Freefall Without Global Help|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=26 April 2015|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-26/nepal-s-slowing-economy-set-for-freefall-without-world-s-help|access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref> Even before the quake, the [[Asian Development Bank]] estimated that it would need to spend about four times more than it currently does annually on infrastructure through to 2020 to attract investment.<ref name="Bloomberg Business"/> The U.S. Geological Survey initially estimated economic losses from the tremor at 9 per cent to 50 per cent of gross domestic product, with a best guess of 35 per cent. "It's too hard for now to tell the extent of the damage and the effect on Nepal's GDP", according to Hun Kim, an Asian Development Bank (ADB) official. The ADB said on the 28th that it would provide a US$3&nbsp;million grant to Nepal for immediate relief efforts, and up to US$200&nbsp;million for the first phase of rehabilitation.<ref name="Bloomberg Business"/>

Rajiv Biswas, an economist at a [[Colorado]]-based consultancy, said that rebuilding the economy will need international effort over the next few years as it could "easily exceed" US$5&nbsp;billion.<ref name="Bloomberg Business"/><ref name="times-herald.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/The-Latest-on-Nepal-Quake-Aid-Arriving-as-Deaths-Top-4000/2015/04/27/article2786074.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429164957/http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/The-Latest-on-Nepal-Quake-Aid-Arriving-as-Deaths-Top-4000/2015/04/27/article2786074.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 April 2015|title=The Latest on Nepal Quake: Aid arriving as deaths top 4,000|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=4 May 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2015|reason=only part of this quotation is found in the sources}}

More recent studies estimate the damage from the earthquake to be closer to US$10 billion (which would be around 50% of Nepals GDP at the time).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Starr|first=Stephen|date=2018-12-05|title=Nepal: first came the earthquake, then came the debt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/dec/05/kathmandu-earthquake-debt-nepal|access-date=2024-10-03|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

===Social effects===

It was reported that the survivors were preyed upon by human traffickers involved in the supply of girls and women to the brothels of South Asia. These traffickers took advantage of the chaos that resulted from the aftermath of the earthquake.<ref name=Burke5May2015>{{cite news|last1=Burke|first1=Jason|title=Nepal quake survivors face threat from human traffickers supplying sex trade|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/05/nepal-quake-survivors-face-threat-from-human-traffickers-supplying-sex-trade|access-date=7 May 2015|work=The Guardian|date=5 May 2015}}</ref> The most affected were women from poor communities who lost their homes.<ref name=UNWorkers>{{cite web|title=Migrant Workers and their Families|url=http://un.org.np/oneun/undaf/migrant_workers|publisher=United Nations Nepal Information Platform|access-date=7 May 2015|archive-date=8 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508025037/http://un.org.np/oneun/undaf/migrant_workers}}</ref>
In response to the unsafe conditions of the temporary campsites, international organizations implemented Safety Committees which were provided cash grants for necessities like additional toilets and bathrooms.<ref name="People in Need">{{cite web|title=FALSE PROMISES: 12 000 NEPALESE GIRLS ARE TRAFFICKED FOR SEX WORK EVERY YEAR|url=https://www.clovekvtisni.cz/en/false-promises-12-000-nepalese-girls-are-trafficked-for-sex-work-every-year-4422gp|website=People in Need|access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Most affected===
Single women had very little access to relief, according to a report by the Inter-party Women's Alliance (IPWA). The report also found that violence and rapes against women and minors have increased after the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2015-07-31/women-have-little-access-to-relief-report.html|title=Women have little access to relief: Report|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> Additionally, the earthquake has significantly affected certain groups of people. Tibeto-Burman peoples were hardest hit as they tend to inhabit the higher slopes of mountains as opposed to the central valleys and are less educated and connected. All of these factors make them harder to access. According to a government survey, malnutrition in children has worsened considerably some 3 months after the quake, with the most undernourished being [[Tamang people|Tamang]] and [[Chepang people|Chepang]] peoples.<ref name="malnutrition">http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/07/30/national/malnutrition-stalks-quake-hit-kids/408642.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802025512/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/07/30/national/malnutrition-stalks-quake-hit-kids/408642.html |date=2 August 2015 }} The Kathmandu Post: Malnutrition stalks quake-hit kids</ref> Before the quake, 41 percent of children under five were stunted, 29 percent were underweight and 11 percent were emaciated, according to the World Food Programme.<ref name="malnutrition" />

===Disease===
Though a feared mass cholera outbreak failed to materialize (there were sporadic reports), other outbreaks were reported. At least 13 people died of [[scrub typhus]] while 240 people were taken ill since the disease was first diagnosed in the country in August 2015 until September 2016.<ref>http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2016-10-01/infectious-mites-found-in-70-pc-of-mice-samples.html Kathmandu Post "Infectious mites found in 70 pc of mice samples"</ref> The mental and emotional impact of an earthquake is the other invisible disaster.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/15/nepal-earthquake-mental-health-disaster|title=The Nepal earthquakes have unleashed a mental health disaster|website=The Guardian|date=15 May 2015}}</ref> Medical Doctors from India, Ramachandra Kamath, [[Edmond Fernandes]] and Prakash Narayan stated that elderly care in disaster was more important than women and child focused one for Nepal earthquake and absence of military support for medical aid providers impacted relief work.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kamath|first1=Ramachandra|last2=Fernandes|first2=Edmond|last3=Narayanan|first3=Prakash|date=2015|title=Medical relief in Nepal earthquake: Observations and lessons to learn|url=https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/SEAJPH/article/view/28317|journal=South East Asia Journal of Public Health|volume=5|issue=2|pages=77–78|doi=10.3329/seajph.v5i2.28317|issn=2313-531X|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Rescue and relief==

About 90% of soldiers from the [[Nepalese Army]] were sent to the stricken areas in the aftermath of the earthquake under [[Operation Sankat Mochan]], with volunteers mobilized from other parts of the country.<ref>[http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/04/28/top-story/deadly-earthquake-death-toll-reaches-4400/404555.html ''Deadly earthquake: Death-toll reaches 4400''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501135151/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/04/28/top-story/deadly-earthquake-death-toll-reaches-4400/404555.html |date=1 May 2015 }} In: ''[[Kantipur (daily)|Kantipur]]'', 28 April 2015.</ref> Rainfall and aftershocks were factors complicating the rescue efforts, with potential secondary effects like additional landslides and further building collapses being concerns. Impassable roads and damaged communications infrastructure posed substantial challenges to rescue efforts.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Latest on Nepal: Chance of finding more survivors slim|url=http://tbo.com/health/the-latest-on-nepal-chance-of-finding-more-survivors-slim-ap_health5b1927e40a5b4e87a733dec1ecea7fad|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150509181051/http://tbo.com/health/the-latest-on-nepal-chance-of-finding-more-survivors-slim-ap_health5b1927e40a5b4e87a733dec1ecea7fad|archive-date=9 May 2015|access-date=2 May 2015|work=The Tampa Tribune|date=2 May 2015}}</ref> Survivors were found up to a week after the earthquake.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal Earthquake: Man Explains How He Survived in Rubble for 82 Hours|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/nepal-earthquake-man-explains-survived-rubble-82-hours/story?id=30665137|access-date=4 May 2015|publisher=ABC News|location=United States (US)|agency=Associated Press|date=29 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Four survivors pulled alive from earthquake rubble in Nepal|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2015/0503/698422-nepal-earthquake/|access-date=4 May 2015|publisher=RTÉ News, Ireland|date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="ekan-5days">{{cite web|last1=Sedhai|first1=Roshan|title=Still finding survivors|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/05/01/top-story/still-finding-survivors/404695.html|website=ekantipur.com|access-date=2 May 2015|ref=2 May 2015|archive-date=5 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505055201/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/05/01/top-story/still-finding-survivors/404695.html}}</ref>

As of 1 May international aid agencies like [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] and the [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|Red Cross]] were able to start medically evacuating the critically wounded by helicopter from outlying areas, initially cut-off from the capital city, Kathmandu,<ref name="MontanaPublicRadio"/> and treating others in mobile and makeshift facilities.<ref name="msf29Apr">{{cite web|title=Nepal – 1 May 2015|url=http://www.msf.org/nepal|publisher=Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders)|access-date=1 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="redcross">{{cite web|date=30 April 2015|title=Japanese Red Cross medical teams reach communities beyond Kathmandu|url=http://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/news-stories/asia-pacific/nepal/the-red-cross-medical-team-starts-relief-activities-68534/|publisher=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|access-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> There was concern about epidemics due to the shortage of clean water, the makeshift nature of living conditions and the lack of toilets.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Brianna|title=Nepal Earthquake: In Tent Cities, Water Shortages, Open Toilets Add To Fears of Looming Health Disaster|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/nepal-earthquake-tent-cities-water-shortages-open-toilets-add-fears-looming-health-1903756|access-date=2 May 2015|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=30 April 2015}}</ref>

Emergency workers were able to identify four men who had been trapped in rubble, and rescue them, using advanced heartbeat detection. The four men were trapped in up to ten feet of rubble in the village of Chautara, north of Kathmandu. An international team of rescuers from several countries using FINDER devices found two sets of men under two different collapsed buildings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA Technology Finds Nepal Survivors by Their Heartbeats|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/150507-nasa-finder-nepal-earthquake-survivors-rescue-technology|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509023221/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/150507-nasa-finder-nepal-earthquake-survivors-rescue-technology/|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2015|website=[[National Geographic News]]|access-date=8 May 2015|first1=Brian Clark|last1=Howard|date=7 May 2015}}</ref>

Volunteers used [[crisis mapping]] to help plan emergency aid work.<ref name=":0" /> Local organization [[Kathmandu Living Labs]] helped coordinate local knowledge on the ground and collaborated with international crisis mapping and humanitarian organizations. Public volunteers from around the world participated in [[crowdmapping]] and added details into online maps.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT)|url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/2015_Nepal_earthquake}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Clark|first1=Liat|title=How Nepal's Earthquake Was Mapped in 48 Hours|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-04/28/mapping-nepal-after-the-earthquake|access-date=4 May 2015|work=Wired (U.K.)|date=28 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Shakya|first1=Ayesha|title=Mapping the aftermath|url=http://nepalitimes.com/article/nation/data-mapping-the-aftermath-of-earthquake,2218|access-date=4 May 2015|work=Nepali Times|date=1 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Can workers save Nepal's sacred sites before the monsoons hit?|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/can-workers-save-nepals-sacred-sites-monsoons-hit/|publisher=PBS NewsHour|access-date=6 January 2017|date=5 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How data gathering has helped in Nepal|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/how-data-gathering-has-helped-in-nepal-1.2219588|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How social media is helping Nepal rebuild after two big earthquakes|url=https://qz.com/406562/how-social-media-is-helping-nepal-rebuild-after-two-big-earthquakes-2/|work=Quartz|access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bochenski|first1=Natalie|title=Brisbane developers assist Nepal|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/brisbane-developers-netengine-helping-nepal-via-crowdmapping-20150505-gguto1.html|newspaper=[[Brisbane Times]]|access-date=6 January 2017|date=5 May 2015}}</ref> Information was mapped from data input from social media, satellite pictures<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un-spider.org/advisory-support/emergency-support/9911/earthquake-nepal-india-bangladesh-china|title=Earthquake in Nepal, India, Bangladesh, China|work=un-spider.org|access-date=28 May 2015}}</ref> and [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]]<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Parker|first1=Laura|title=How 'Crisis Mapping' Is Shaping Disaster Relief in Nepal|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/150501-nepal-crisis-mapping-disaster-relief-earthquake/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503052722/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/150501-nepal-crisis-mapping-disaster-relief-earthquake/|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 May 2015|access-date=4 May 2015|work=National Geographic|date=1 May 2015}}</ref> of passable roads, collapsed houses, stranded, shelterless and starving people, who needed help, and from messages and contact details of people willing to help.<ref>{{cite web|title=Showing Reports... (Nepal Earthquakes 2015)|url=http://quakemap.org/reports|website=Kathmandu Living Labs|access-date=4 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508192548/http://quakemap.org/reports|archive-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> On-site volunteers verified these mapping details wherever they could to reduce errors. The technologies used by [[Kathmandu Living Labs]] were built on top of existing open source solutions which allowed them to work in a fast and cost effective manner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://opensource.com/life/16/6/open-source-open-data-nepal-earthquake|title=Open source and open data's role in Nepal earthquake relief|date=8 June 2016|first=Nirab|last=Pudasaini|website=Opensource.com|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref>

Digital mappers, through the [[Kathmandu Living Labs]], were already charting the densely populated Kathmandu Valley, and then focused on earthquake relief. "They were doing an inventory in the poorer communities where they didn't have a very good sense of the quality of buildings," says Cowan, whose students helped add Kathmandu's buildings and roads to OpenStreetMap. First responders, from Nepalese citizens to the Red Cross, the Nepal army and the United Nations used this data. The Nepal earthquake crisis mapping utilized experience gained and lessons learned about planning emergency aid work from earthquakes in Haiti and Indonesia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Soden|first1=Robert|last2=Budhathoki|first2=Nama|last3=Palen|first3=Lasia|title=Resilience-Building and the Crisis Informatics Agenda: Lessons Learned from 'Open Cities Kathmandu'|journal=Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference – University Park, Pennsylvania (USA) – (May 2014)|url=https://www.cs.colorado.edu/~palen/palen_papers/SodenBudhathokiPalen-ISCRAMKathmandu.pdf|access-date=4 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504225134/https://www.cs.colorado.edu/~palen/palen_papers/SodenBudhathokiPalen-ISCRAMKathmandu.pdf|archive-date=4 May 2015}}</ref>

India pledged to donate $1&nbsp;billion in cash and materials to Nepal. India's External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj said "I am happy to announce Government of India's pledge for Nepal's post-earthquake reconstruction of Nepali Rupees 10,000 crores, equivalent to one billion US dollars, one fourth of it as Grant." The International Conference on Nepal's Reconstruction has been organised by the Nepalese government to raise funds for rebuilding the country.<ref name="The Telegraph">{{cite news|title=India to donate $1&nbsp;billion to Nepal. However, most of that pledge has not been fulfilled yet.|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150625/jsp/frontpage/story_27732.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170111223136/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150625/jsp/frontpage/story_27732.jsp|archive-date=11 January 2017|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>

Reports are also coming in of sub-standard relief materials and inedible food being sent to Nepal by many of the foreign aid agencies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/05/27/top-story/nhrc-to-govt-take-action-against-wfp/405734.html|title=NHRC to govt: Take action against WFP|access-date=28 May 2015|archive-date=28 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528044913/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/05/27/top-story/nhrc-to-govt-take-action-against-wfp/405734.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/05/26/top-story/7000-liters-of-relief-oil-disposed/405723.html|title=7,000 liters of relief oil disposed|work=ekantipur.com|access-date=28 May 2015|archive-date=27 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527083234/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/05/26/top-story/7000-liters-of-relief-oil-disposed/405723.html}}</ref>

A [[United States Marine Corps]] helicopter [[2015 Charikot Helicopter Crash|crashed on 12 May]] while involved in delivering relief supplies. The [[Bell UH-1Y Venom]] crashed at [[Charikot]], roughly 45 miles (72 kilometres) east of Kathmandu. Two Nepalese soldiers and six American Marines died in the crash.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Sugam Pokharel|author2=Kimberly Hutcherson|title=8 bodies recovered from U.S. helicopter crash site; pilot identified|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/16/asia/us-helicopter-found-nepal/|publisher=CNN|date=16 May 2015|access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref>

Need-fulfillment application, Getmii, launched a special pilot version in partnership with the Red Cross to double daily blood donors at the Kathmandu donation center using the app.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New 'Getmii' app has roots in Spearfish|url=http://www.bhpioneer.com/local_news/article_3772a60c-66c9-11e5-b03d-a39eb4015daf.html|website=Black Hills Pioneer|date=29 September 2015|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref>

Imaging technologies such as satellites and smartphones, were instrumental to relief efforts in Nepal.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pool|first1=Rebecca|title=Photonics technologies are first responders to Nepal earthquake|url=http://spie.org/newsroom/technical-articles/052115-nepal-quake|publisher=SPIE Newsroom|access-date=21 May 2015}}</ref> GLIMS, group of volunteer scientists from nine nations, were able to provide rapid, systematic mapping of the damaged area, allowing the investigation of earthquake-induced geo-hazard processes that provided information to relief and recovery officials on the same timeframe as those operations were occurring.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kargel|first1=J. S.|last2=Leonard|first2=G. J.|last3=Shugar|first3=D. H.|last4=Haritashya|first4=U. K.|last5=Bevington|first5=A.|last6=Fielding|first6=E. J.|last7=Fujita|first7=K.|last8=Geertsema|first8=M.|last9=Miles|first9=E. S.|date=8 January 2016|title=Geomorphic and geologic controls of geohazards induced by Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake|journal=Science|volume=351|issue=6269|pages=aac8353|doi=10.1126/science.aac8353|issn=0036-8075|pmid=26676355|s2cid=43852640|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/63100/2/Kargel-SM.pdf}}</ref>

Charities and [[Crowdfunding]] platforms received over $230 million in donations from support groups. The money was used to provide medical supplies, for reconstruction of damaged buildings including schools and hospitals, and building orphanages for the victims among other things.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Millions Raised for Nepal Earthquake Relief|url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=2176|access-date=2022-08-24|website=Charity Navigator}}</ref>

==Repair and reconstruction==

===Monuments===
{{multiple image
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 | image2=Lalitpur Durbar Square Temple 2023.jpg
 | footer= [[Patan Durbar Square]]'s Hari Shankar Temple completely collapsed after 2015 earthquake (left), and after its full restoration; pictured in 2023 (right)
}}
UNESCO and the Ministry of Culture began strengthening damaged monuments in danger of collapsing before the monsoon season. Subsequent restoration of collapsed structures, including historic houses is planned. Architectural drawings exist that provide plans for reconstruction. According to UNESCO, more than 30 monuments in the Kathmandu Valley collapsed in the quakes, and another 120 incurred partial damage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nepal's 8 Key Historic Sites: What's Rubble, What's Still Standing|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/04/150427-nepal-earthquake-damage-temples-buddhism-hinduism-world-heritage-monuments-unesco|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429025829/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/04/150427-nepal-earthquake-damage-temples-buddhism-hinduism-world-heritage-monuments-unesco/|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 April 2015|website=National Geographic News|access-date=10 June 2015|first1=Kristin|last1=Romey|date=27 April 2015}}</ref> Repair estimates are $160&nbsp;million to restore 1,000 damaged and destroyed monasteries, temples, historic houses, and shrines across the country. The destruction is concentrated in the Kathmandu Valley. UNESCO designated seven groups of multi-ethnic monuments clustered in the valley as a single World Heritage Site, including [[Swayambhunath|Swayambhu]], the three squares namely [[Kathmandu Durbar Square|Durbar square of Kathmandu]], [[Patan Durbar Square]], and [[Bhaktapur Durbar Square]], and the Hindu temples of [[Pashupatinath Temple|Pashupatinath]] and [[Changu Narayan Temple|Changu Narayan]]. Out of them only three were damaged in the quakes—three Durbar squares, the temple of Changu Narayan, and the 1655 temple in Sankhu.<ref name="Prasad 2016 k947">{{cite web|last=Prasad|first=Madhav|title=Nepal after earthquake – safe to travel – mosaic adventure|website=Mosaic Adventure|date=2016-05-08|url=https://mosaicadventure.com/nepal-after-earthquake/|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref> Drones fly above cultural heritage sites to provide 3D images of the damage to use for planning repairs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Race to Fix Nepal's Ravaged Monuments Before Monsoons Hit|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150608-nepal-kathmandu-earthquake-history-archaeology-world|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610105659/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150608-nepal-kathmandu-earthquake-history-archaeology-world/|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2015|website=National Geographic News|access-date=10 June 2015|first1=Andrew|last1=Lawler|date=8 June 2015}}</ref>

===Nepal Rural Housing Reconstruction Program===

After an international donors conference held in Kathmandu on 25 June 2015 a multi donor trust fund of US$4.4 billion was established to aid the reconstruction of affected housing in 14 districts of Nepal.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/4-4-bn-committed-for-recovery-reconstruction/|title=$4.4 bn committed for recovery, reconstruction|date=2015-06-26|website=[[The Himalayan Times]]|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nepal/brief/nepal-reconstruction-program|title=Nepal Rural Housing Reconstruction Program|website=World Bank|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> This covered 66 per cent of the country's total recovery and reconstruction needs of US$6.7 billion.<ref name=":2" /> Implementation of the Program consisted of five phases i.e. Survey, Identification and Validation, Enrollment, Reconstruction and Completion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 2016|title=Program Overview|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/195221468184471099/pdf/102951-WP-P155969-Box394845B-NRHRP-ProgramOverview-O1-2016-PUBLIC.pdf|website=The World Bank|publisher=Nepal Rural Housing Reconstruction Program}}</ref> The data collection for the program was done digitally using tablets and resulted in collection of over 10 TB of data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kathmandulivinglabs.org/projects/details/national-housing-reconstruction-programme|title=National Housing Reconstruction Programme|website=Kathmandu Living Labs|access-date=2020-01-03}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The data was openly released to the public by the [[National Planning Commission of Nepal|National Planning Commission]] and is available for download on their website.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eq2015.npc.gov.np/#/about|title=2015 Nepal Earthquake: Open Data Portal|website=eq2015.npc.gov.np|access-date=2020-01-09|archive-date=17 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117033606/http://eq2015.npc.gov.np/#/about|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==International aid==
{{Main|Humanitarian response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake}}
{{See also|2015–2017 Nepal humanitarian crisis}}

A total of $3bn was pledged by donors to help rebuild Nepal.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jun/25/nepal-earthquakes-3bn-aid-pledge-international-donors-kathmandu|title=Nepal donors pledge $3bn for rebuilding in aftermath of earthquakes|date=2015-06-25|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-04-12|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Bhadra|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/26/world/asia/foreign-donors-pledge-3-billion-to-help-rebuild-quake-ravaged-nepal.html|title=Foreign Donors Pledge $3 Billion to Help Rebuild Quake-Ravaged Nepal|date=2015-06-25|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-04-12|last2=Najar|first2=Nida|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[UNICEF]] said close to 1.7&nbsp;million children had been driven out into the open, and were in desperate need of drinking water, psychological counsel, temporary shelters, sanitation and protection from disease outbreak. It distributed water, tents, hygiene kits, water purification tablets and buckets.<ref>{{cite web|title=29 April 2015 – Nepal Earthquake: New appeal for children amid growing need- UNICEF|url=http://unicef.org.np/blogs/2015/04/29/nepal-earthquake-new-appeal-for-children-amid-growing-need-unicef|publisher=UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)|access-date=30 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503103745/http://unicef.org.np/blogs/2015/04/29/nepal-earthquake-new-appeal-for-children-amid-growing-need-unicef|archive-date=3 May 2015}}</ref> Numerous other organizations provided similar support.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earthquakenepalin2015.com|title=Open Sans|work=earthquakenepalin2015.com|access-date=17 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072737/http://earthquakenepalin2015.com/|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>

India was the first to respond within hours, being Nepal's immediate neighbour,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhardwaj|first1=Mayank|last2=Dutta|first2=Ratnajyoti|title=China? India? We're grateful for their help: Nepal's ambassador to India|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2015/04/28/china-india-were-grateful-for-their-help-nepals-ambassador-to-india/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430014723/http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2015/04/28/china-india-were-grateful-for-their-help-nepals-ambassador-to-india/|archive-date=30 April 2015|access-date=30 April 2015|agency=Reuters|date=28 April 2015}}</ref> with [[Operation Maitri]] which provided rescue and relief by its armed forces. It also evacuated its own and other countries' stranded nationals. India has been the largest aid donor to Nepal following the earthquake with a billion dollar support apart from other non-monetary reliefs extended.<ref name="The Telegraph"/> China, the Asian Development Bank and the United Kingdom provided significant bilateral aid and other nations and organisations provided aid, rescue teams and helicopters as requested by the Nepalese government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nepal-earthquake-uk-aid-response|title=Nepal earthquake: UK aid response|date=14 May 2015|website=GOV.UK|access-date=23 May 2015|quote=The UK's humanitarian response now stands at more than £33 million [$51 million]|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/may/15/raf-chinooks-recalled-from-nepal-quake-effort-without-flying-a-mission|title=RAF Chinooks recalled from Nepal quake effort without flying a mission|date=15 May 2015|access-date=16 May 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: Racing against time, government pleads for rescue helicopters to reach remote mountain regions|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/nepal-earthquake-racing-against-time-government-pleads-for-rescue-helicopters-to-reach-remote-mountain-regions-10220057.html|access-date=23 May 2015|newspaper=The Independent|date=23 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chinese helicopters aid Nepal quake recovery|url=http://eng.mod.gov.cn/TopNews/2015-05/06/content_4583537.htm|website=Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China|publisher=Xinhua/Wang Shoubao|access-date=23 May 2015|date=6 May 2015|archive-date=28 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528140121/http://eng.mod.gov.cn/TopNews/2015-05/06/content_4583537.htm}}</ref>

On 26 April 2015, international aid agencies and governments mobilized rescue workers and aid for the earthquake. They faced challenges in both getting assistance to Nepal and ferrying people to remote areas as the country had few helicopters.<ref name="Mark Scott">{{cite news|author=Mark Scott|title=Nepal Earthquake Poses Challenge to International Aid Agencies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/27/world/asia/nepal-earthquake-international-aid-agencies.html?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="TimeAidAgencies">{{cite magazine|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=Medics Race Against Time to Save Nepal's Quake Survivors|url=http://time.com/3837207/nepal-health-earthquake/|access-date=30 April 2015|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=28 April 2015}}</ref> Relief efforts were also hampered by Nepalese government insistence on routing aid through the Prime Minister's Disaster Relief Fund and its National Emergency Operation Center. After concerns were raised, it was clarified that "Non-profits" or NGOs already in the country could continue receiving aid directly and bypass the official fund.<ref name="Mark Scott"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Anyadike|first1=Obinna|title=Nepal quake fund move is PR fiasco|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/101452/nepal-quake-fund-move-is-pr-fiasco|access-date=6 May 2015|publisher=IRIN Nairobi|date=5 May 2015}}</ref> Aid mismatch and supply of "leftovers" by donors,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=Ruchir|title=No, thank you: Nepal asks India to not send old clothes as relief|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/nepal-earthquake-india-relief-material-old-clothes/article1-1344053.aspx|access-date=6 May 2015|work=Hindustan Times|date=6 May 2015|archive-date=6 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506103141/http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/nepal-earthquake-india-relief-material-old-clothes/article1-1344053.aspx}}</ref> aid diversion in Nepal,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghimire|first1=Yubaraj|last2=Khan|first2=Hamza|last3=Dutta|first3=Amrita|title=Nepal aid getting 'hijacked': Organised groups are obstructing the work or 'hijacking' aid material to Nepal midway.|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-others/aid-getting-hijacked/|access-date=6 May 2015|work=The Indian Express|date=5 May 2015}}</ref> mistrust over control of the distribution of funds and supplies,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Daniel|first1=Frank Jack|last2=Mahr|first2=Krista|title=Nepal, aid agencies trade blame as confusion mars quake relief|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/nepal-aid-agencies-trade-blame-as-confusion-mars-quake-relief-20150506-ggv4hp.html|access-date=6 May 2015|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=6 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bell|first1=Thomas|title=Nepal earthquake: Many survivors receiving no help despite relief effort|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/nepal-earthquake-many-survivors-receiving-no-help-despite-relief-effort-10221693.html|access-date=3 May 2015|work=The Independent|date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Satisfied with coordination of foreign relief aid, says Army chief|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/05/02/top-story/satisfied-with-coordination-of-foreign-relief-aid-says-army-chief/404740.html|access-date=2 May 2015|work=eKantipur|date=2 May 2015|archive-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502222339/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/05/02/top-story/satisfied-with-coordination-of-foreign-relief-aid-says-army-chief/404740.html}}</ref> congestion and customs delays at Kathmandu's airport and border check posts were also reported.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ratcliffe|first1=Rebecca|title=Nepal customs holding up earthquake relief efforts, says United Nations|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/02/nepal-customs-holding-up-relief-jamie-mcgoldrick-united-nations|access-date=2 May 2015|work=The Guardian|date=2 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sriram|first1=Jayant|title=Hopes dim for survivors|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nepal-earthquake-hopes-dim-for-survivors/article7165513.ece|access-date=3 May 2015|work=The Hindu|date=3 May 2015}}</ref> On 3 May 2015, restrictions were placed on heavy aircraft flying in aid supplies after new cracks were noticed on the runway at the [[Tribhuvan International Airport]], Nepal's only airport able to handle larger jet aircraft.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/nepal-earthquake/nepal-earthquake-kathmandu-airport-closes-damaged-runway-big-planes-n352781|title=Nepal Earthquake: Kathmandu Airport Closes Damaged Runway to Big Planes|publisher=NBC News|date=3 May 2015|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/03/nepal-forced-to-shut-main-airport-to-big-planes|title=Nepal earthquake aid fears after main airport shut to big planes &#124; World news|newspaper=The Guardian|date=3 May 2015|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref>

The list below gives a break-up of pledged donations, by each nation, along with aid in kind, delivered immediately.<ref name="auto2">{{cite news|url=http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-02/unlikely-more-survivors-will-be-found-after-nepal-earthquake-gov/6439554|title=Nepal earthquake: Government rules out possibility of finding more survivors as frustration grows over aid distribution delays|date=2 May 2015|access-date=3 May 2015|author=Siobhan Heanue}}</ref>

<!--When updating this table, please update [[Humanitarian response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake]] too. Thanks!-->
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; line-height:16px; width:100%;"
|-
|+Summary of international aid to Nepal for earthquake relief<br />
(See details in the [[Humanitarian response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake]] article)
|-
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" class="unsortable"|Aid agency / country
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"|Cash donation (US $)
! scope="col" style="width:30%;" class="unsortable"|Humanitarian aid and supplies
! scope="col" style="width:35%;" class="unsortable"|Other aid
! scope="col" style="width:05%;" class="unsortable"|Source
|-
|[[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]]
|{{sort|00053564455|$535,664.55 emergency fund activated}}
|Volunteers (first-aid, search-&-rescue)
|Blood-bank supplies to areas in the capital
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="redcross"/>
|-
|[[Médecins Sans Frontières|Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders)]]
|
|Rapid intervention surgical kit with 11-member team left Kathmandu for Gorkha (200&nbsp;km north-west) (61 staff deployed)
|Water and sanitation – makeshift camps – Tudikhel (Kathmandu), Bhaktapur (14&nbsp;km east of Kathmandu), first-aid material to Bhaktapur hospital
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="msf29Apr"/><br /><ref name="TimeAidAgencies"/>
|-
|{{flag|European Union}}
|{{sort|003300000|$3.3 million}}
|Aid, first-response teams and civil-protection experts
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|date=30 April 2015|title=EU Commissioner Stylianides to arrive in Nepal|url=http://www.ekantipur.com.np/2015/04/30/top-story/eu-commissioner-stylianides-to-arrive-in-nepal/404673.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073649/http://www.ekantipur.com.np/2015/04/30/top-story/eu-commissioner-stylianides-to-arrive-in-nepal/404673.html|archive-date=18 May 2015|publisher=Kantipur|access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|{{sort|001000000|$1 million}}
|70 relief workers, medicines, and other supplies
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Algeria sends rescuers, drugs to quake-hit Nepal|agency=Xinhua News Agency (via Global Post)|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://www.globalpost.com/article/6529251/2015/04/26/algeria-sends-rescuers-drugs-quake-hit-nepal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072827/http://www.globalpost.com/article/6529251/2015/04/26/algeria-sends-rescuers-drugs-quake-hit-nepal|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{sort|0158600000|$15.86 million}}
|
• $3,568,500 to the United Nations relief effort, $793,000 to the [[World Health Organization]], $793,000 to the [[Australian Red Cross]], $396,500 to the RedR Australia relief organisation, $3.172&nbsp;million for other Australian NGOs.<br />
• Two [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|Boeing C-17]] aircraft carrying 15 tons of Australian aid and two [[Royal Australian Air Force|RAAF]] aero medical evacuation teams.<br />
• The [[Government of Tasmania]] donated $7,930 to [[Rotary International|Rotary]] Tasmania's Nepal Earthquake Appeal.
|
• 2 humanitarian experts and a crisis-response team initially.<br />
• 70 defence personnel, immigration and other federal government officials to distribute aid and help with evacuation efforts.
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Earthquake in Nepal|work=Minister for Foreign Affairs|url=http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2015/jb_mr_150426.aspx|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430000646/http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2015/jb_mr_150426.aspx|archive-date=30 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/defence/nepal-earthquake-defence-evacuates-australians-from-kathmandu/story-e6frg8yo-1227329666077|title=Subscribe – theaustralian|website=theaustralian.com.au|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: Extra $10m provided by Australia for recovery efforts; search for bodies in Langtang village suspended|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-10/nepal-funding-extra-10-million-langtang-village-search-suspended/6458878|publisher=ABC News|location=Australia|date=10 May 2015|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|author=Sallese Gibson|title=Tasmanian Government donates $10,000 to Nepal Earthquake Appeal|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-11/tasmanian-government-donates-10-000-to-nepal-earthquake/6459204|publisher=ABC News|location=Australia|date=10 May 2015|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}
|{{sort|000835000|$835,000}}
|
|[[Austrian Red Cross]] search-&-rescue staff
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Werner Faymann: "Regierung beschließt Nepal-Hilfe von 750.000 Euro"|work=Bundeskanzleramt|date=28 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015|url=https://www.bka.gv.at/site/cob__59333/6597/default.aspx|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926074632/https://www.bka.gv.at/site/cob__59333/6597/default.aspx|archive-date=26 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|
|1 ton of medical supplies, tents, blankets and water (Ministry of Emergency Situations)
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://azertag.az/en/xeber/Azerbaijan_sends_humanitarian_aid_to_Nepal-851019|title=Azerbaijan sends humanitarian aid to Nepal|publisher=[[Azerbaijan State Telegraph Agency]]|date=30 April 2015|access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|
|
• [[Bangladesh Air Force|BAF]] [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|Lockheed C-130B]] aircraft with 10 tonnes of relief materials – tents, dry food, water, blankets, etc.<br />
• Four cargo trucks carrying approximately 25 tonnes of essential relief materials for earthquake victims in Nepal left Dhaka. The cargoes will travel through Banglabandh-Fulbari-Panitanki-Kakarbhitta land route. The relief materials include 3000 cartons (12 tonne) of dry food and fruit juice donated by [[PRAN]], and 5000 pieces of blankets donated by [[BRAC (NGO)|Brac]], according to a press release of the Embassy of Nepal in Bangladesh.<br />
• Bangladesh will provide at least one hundred thousand tons of rice and other relief materials including drinking water to help the earthquake victims in Nepal.
|A 34-member team (6 military medical teams and foreign ministry officials). Stranded Bangladeshis airlifted.
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh to send 1 lakh tonnes rice to Nepal|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/bangladesh-send-1-lakh-tonnes-rice-nepal-80453|access-date=4 May 2015|newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Biman flight returns to Dhaka failing to get landing clearance in earthquake- ravaged Kathmandu|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/biman-flight-returns-failing-land-kathmandu-79475|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150427064122/http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/biman-flight-returns-failing-land-kathmandu-79475|archive-date=27 April 2015|work=The Daily Star|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh to help Nepal in wake of devastating earthquake|url=http://bdnews24.com/neighbours/2015/04/25/bangladesh-to-help-nepal-in-wake-of-devastating-earthquake|work=bdnews24.com|access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=BD Air Force aircraft reaches Nepal with relief materials|url=http://www.unb.com.bd/pm-nepal-lead|work=UNB|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702095632/http://unb.com.bd/pm-nepal-lead|archive-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|{{sort|005500000|$5.5 million}}
|
|Search-&-rescue teams
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Balachandran>{{cite news|title=Indian helicopters, Israeli hospitals and Malaysian medics: How the world is coming to Nepal's aid|author=Balachandran, Manu|work=Quartz|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://qz.com/391567/indian-helicopters-israeli-hospitals-and-malay-medics-how-the-world-is-coming-to-nepals-aid/}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|{{sort|001000000|$1 million}}
|
|63 personnel medical team
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=(Untitled)|author=Kuensel Online|via=Facebook|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|url=https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=984399071594992&id=140918395943068|author-link=Kuensel}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|author=Tobgay, Tshering|title=(Untitled)|via=Facebook|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|url=https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=726970087415697&substory_index=0&id=410112025768173|author-link=Tshering Tobgay}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Tobgay|first=Tshering|author-link=Tshering Tobgay|user=tsheringtobgay|number=592488408917770240|date=27 April 2015|title=DeSuups loading supplies on special flight bound for Nepal. His Majesty has commanded 63-member medical team to assist in rescue and relief|access-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010213403/https://twitter.com/tsheringtobgay/status/592488408917770240|archive-date=10 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Earthquake: Everything is fine in Bhutan, says minister|url=http://www.oneindia.com/international/earthquake-everything-is-fine-in-bhutan-says-minister-1727518.html|access-date=25 April 2015|work=OneIndia|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Bhutan to dispatch medical team to Nepal|url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/no-reports-of-damage-or-injuries-so-far-government/|access-date=27 April 2015|publisher=Kuensel Online|date=25 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|
|
|8-man relief team (2 doctors, 4 paramedics from the [[Royal Brunei Armed Forces]] (RBAF) and Brunei's [[Gurkha Reserve Unit]] (GRU)
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/bookmarks-breaking/2015/04/29/brunei-sends-relief-contingent-nepal|title=Brunei sends relief contingent to Nepal|author=Aaron Wong|newspaper=[[The Brunei Times]]|date=29 April 2015|access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|{{sort|004160000|$4.16&nbsp;million; $832,000 to the [[Canadian Red Cross]]}}
|A [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|Boeing C-17]] with supplies – blankets, jerry-cans, kitchen sets, hygiene kits, and tarps
|150 [[Canadian Armed Forces|Canadian troops]]; a [[Disaster Assistance Response Team]] – 30 experts; pledges by humanitarian organizations; immigration assistance
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal Earthquake Kills More than 1,900 people|publisher=CBC|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nepal-earthquake-kills-more-than-1-900-people-1.3048792}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: 2,500 dead as aftershocks terrify survivors|work=CBC|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nepal-earthquake-2-500-dead-as-aftershocks-terrify-survivors-1.3049305}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: a roundup of relief efforts|work=Toronto Star|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/04/25/nepal-earthquake-a-roundup-of-relief.html}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Canada will match contributions to Nepal earthquake relief fund|work=Canadian Press (via CP24)|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|url=http://www.cp24.com/mobile/news/canada-will-match-contributions-to-nepal-earthquake-relief-fund-1.2346948}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Canada sends military transport to deliver aid to Nepal|work=Global Post|date=27 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015|url=http://www.globalpost.com/article/6530305/2015/04/27/canada-sends-military-transport-deliver-aid-nepal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518074409/http://www.globalpost.com/article/6530305/2015/04/27/canada-sends-military-transport-deliver-aid-nepal|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|China}}
|{{sort|009900000|$483 million}}
|Tents, blankets, and generators; emergency response for citizens
|China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) – 268 members, 26 search-&-rescue dogs
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal Earthquake: India and China Send Rescue Teams to Himalayan Nation|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=26 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nepal-earthquake-china-sends-search-and-rescue-team-to-katmandu-1430032246}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|script-title=zh:中国国际救援队出发 尼泊尔驻华大使感叹患难之交|language=zh|url=http://gb.cri.cn/42071/2015/04/26/6351s4943191.htm|access-date=28 April 2015|work=CRI|date=26 April 2015|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518074821/http://gb.cri.cn/42071/2015/04/26/6351s4943191.htm}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|script-title=zh:中国国际救援队飞赴尼泊尔震区 精选6条搜救犬|language=zh|url=http://video.sina.com.cn/p/news/c/v/2015-04-26/074764879167.html?opsubject_id=top1|work=CCTV|date=26 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=China offers 20 mln yuan in humanitarian aid to quake-hit Nepal|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-04/26/c_134186099.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504063545/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-04/26/c_134186099.htm|archive-date=4 May 2015|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=26 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=China prepares relief supplies for quake-hit Nepal|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-04/26/c_134184369.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518122611/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-04/26/c_134184369.htm|archive-date=18 May 2015|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|script-title=zh:中国第二轮援助尼泊尔灾区4000万物资|language=zh|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2015-04-28/235031772838.shtml|work=Sina|date=28 April 2015}}</ref>

|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|Fundraising by the [[Colombian Red Cross]]
|Over 1,500 volunteers from national societies.
|Evacuation of citizens and aid (when needed)
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Santos se solidarizó con víctimas de la tragedia en Nepal|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/gobierno/terremoto-en-nepal-santos-se-solidarizo-con-las-victimas/15628595|language=es|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/nacional/cruz-roja-habilita-cuentas-bancarias-hacer-donaciones-d-articulo-557701|title=Cruz Roja habilita cuentas para donación – ELESPECTADOR.COM|work=ElEspectador|access-date=29 April 2015|language=es|date=29 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cruzrojacolombiana.org/noticias-y-prensa/comunicado-4-la-cruz-roja-llama-la-solidaridad-de-los-colombianos-para-ayudar-los|title=Comunicado No. 4 La Cruz Roja llama a la solidaridad de los colombianos para ayudar a los damnificados del Terremoto en Nepal|work=cruzrojacolombiana.org|access-date=29 April 2015|language=es|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226113754/http://www.cruzrojacolombiana.org/noticias-y-prensa/comunicado-4-la-cruz-roja-llama-la-solidaridad-de-los-colombianos-para-ayudar-los}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcnradio.com/noticias/colombia-esta-lista-para-brindar-ayuda-humanitaria-nepal-ungrd-208318|title=Colombia está lista para brindar ayuda humanitaria a Nepal: UNGRD|work=rcnradio.com|date=26 April 2015|access-date=29 April 2015|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429191311/http://www.rcnradio.com/noticias/colombia-esta-lista-para-brindar-ayuda-humanitaria-nepal-ungrd-208318|archive-date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{sort|000791378|$791,378}}
|Blankets, medical supplies, water and food; and a special trauma team – transported with a Boeing 737
|36 medical workers and 13 firefighters. Evacuated 54 Czechs and 48 EU citizens.
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Czech Republic will help Nepal (in Czech)|url=http://www.vlada.cz/cz/media-centrum/aktualne/ceska-republika-posle-nepalu-tym-zdravotniku--129467|website=Government of the Czech Republic|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Czech medical team to help earthquake victims in Nepal|url=http://www.praguepost.com/world-news/47374-czech-medical-team-to-help-earthquake-victims-in-nepal|website=The Prague Post|date=28 April 2015|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Czech authorities establish contact with all Czechs in Nepal|url=http://radio.cz/en/section/news/czech-authorities-establish-contact-with-all-czechs-in-nepal|website=Radio Prague|date=29 April 2015|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|{{sort|000744000|$744,000}}
|
|Aid (TBD)
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Denmark sends aid to Nepal after earthquake|work=The Local|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://m.thelocal.dk/20150426/denmark-sends-aid-to-nepal-following-earthquake|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150426234533/http://m.thelocal.dk/20150426/denmark-sends-aid-to-nepal-following-earthquake|archive-date=26 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|Fundraising
|
|15 rescue workers and medics (could not land – airport congestion)
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Eesti ja Soome päästemeeskond ei lenda Nepali|language=et|trans-title=Estonian and Finnish rescue team won't fly to Nepal|work=Postimees|date=28 April 2015|url=http://maailm.postimees.ee/3171643/eesti-ja-soome-paastemeeskond-ei-lenda-nepali|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Eesti päästemeeskonna juht: lootus peab alati säilima, muidu me ei läheks sinna|work=Uudised|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|url=http://www.postimees.ee/3170137/eesti-paastemeeskonna-juht-lootus-peab-alati-sailima-muidu-me-ei-laheks-sinna|language=et}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|last=Lakson|first=Piret|title=Eesti päästemeeskonna juht tõdes, et varustuse pakkimisel tehti vigu|language=et|trans-title=Estonian rescue team leader admitted that mistakes were made in packaging of equipment|work=Postimees|date=29 April 2015|url=http://www.postimees.ee/3174083/eesti-paastemeeskonna-juht-todes-et-varustuse-pakkimisel-tehti-vigu|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
|{{sort|003350000|$3.35&nbsp;million; fundraising by the [[Finnish Red Cross]]}}
|Medical and logistical supplies
|A Finnish Red Cross relief workers team
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=The Finnish Red Cross kicks off campaigns for earthquake victims in Nepal|work=YLE|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/the_finnish_red_cross_kicks_off_campaigns_for_earthquake_victims_in_nepal/7955553}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Red Cross logistical unit gets green light for Nepal trip|work=YLE|date=30 April 2015|access-date=30 April 2015|url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/red_cross_logistical_unit_gets_green_light_for_nepal_trip/7964079}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Suomi lahjoittaa kaksi miljoonaa euroa Nepaliin|language=fi|trans-title=Finland donates €2&nbsp;million to Nepal|work=Helsingin Sanomat|date=28 April 2015|access-date=30 April 2015|url=http://www.hs.fi/ulkomaat/a1430189909185}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Suomi antaa miljoona euroa lisää Nepalin maanjäristyksen uhrien auttamiseksi|language=fi|trans-title=Finland gives additional €1&nbsp;million to help Nepal earthquake victims|work=Helsingin Sanomat|date=5 May 2015|access-date=11 May 2015|url=http://www.hs.fi/ulkomaat/a1430795224939?jako=95e0e2ad37aa0fb9d888d78103699897}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|
|Equipment and supplies
|Crisis centre at Foreign Ministry; a reinforcement team in New Delhi; 11 rescuers, (more help if needed)
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Népal – Tremblement de terre (25 avril 2015)|work=France Diplomatie|date=25 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/nepal/la-france-et-le-nepal/evenements-4190/article/nepal-tremblement-de-terre-25-04|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426154949/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/nepal/la-france-et-le-nepal/evenements-4190/article/nepal-tremblement-de-terre-25-04|archive-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Népal – Tremblement de terre – Déclaration de Laurent Fabius|work=France Diplomatie|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/nepal/la-france-et-le-nepal/evenements-4190/article/nepal-tremblement-de-terre|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427162037/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/nepal/la-france-et-le-nepal/evenements-4190/article/nepal-tremblement-de-terre|archive-date=27 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
|{{sort|068340000|$68.34&nbsp;million (€60&nbsp;million), donated by the public}}
|A mobile medical centre
|52 relief workers team – physicians, searchers, dog squads; the [[Technisches Hilfswerk|German Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW)]]'s Rapid Deployment Unit Water and Sanitation Abroad (SEEWA)
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="DZI study">{{cite news|title=Study of the German Central Institute for Social Issues (DZI)|date=15 May 2015|publisher=Mannheimer Morgen|author=dpa|author-link=Deutsche Presse-Agentur}}</ref><br /><ref name="Daily AFAD">{{cite news|title=Turkey's AFAD and international aid organizations rush to Nepal after devastating earthquake|work=Daily Sabah Asia Pacific|date=25 April 2015|access-date=25 April 2015|url=http://www.dailysabah.com/asia/2015/04/25/turkeys-afad-and-international-aid-organizations-rush-to-nepal-after-devastating-earthquake}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Germany, France sending rescue teams, emergency relief to quake-hit Nepal|work=680 News|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://www.680news.com/2015/04/26/germany-france-sending-rescue-teams-emergency-relief-to-quake-hit-nepal}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thw.de/SharedDocs/Meldungen/DE/Pressemitteilungen/international/2015/04/pressemitteilung_001_erdbeben.html|title=Erdbeben in Nepal: THW entsendet Voraus- und SEEWA-Team|work=thw.de|date=26 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015|language=de|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226113257/https://www.thw.de/SharedDocs/Meldungen/DE/Pressemitteilungen/international/2015/04/pressemitteilung_001_erdbeben.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
|
|
|Search-&-rescue teams
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Balachandran/>
|-
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|{{sort|001000000|$1 million}}
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>[http://www.hougansydney.com/whats-happening-in-haiti/haiti-made-a-million-dollar-donation-to-nepal-devastated-by-two-powerful-earthquakes Haiti's president Michel Joseph Martelly has allocated a million dollar to the Nepalese government], hougansydney.com; accessed 18 May 2015.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Hong Kong}}
|{{sort|006450000|$6.45 million}}
|[[World Vision]] Hong Kong raised $1.29&nbsp;million to provide victims with tents, tarpaulins, solar-powered lights, and other necessities.
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=CE expresses deepest sympathies for Nepal earthquake victims|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201504/26/P201504260527.htm|website=info.gov.hk|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=HKSARG to provide relief and financial assistance for quake victims in Nepal|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201504/28/P201504280842.htm|website=info.gov.hk|date=26 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rthk.hk/rthk/news/expressnews/20150503/news_20150503_55_1096795.htm|script-title=zh:宣 明 會 為 尼 泊 爾 救 災 重 建 籌 1000 萬 港 元|work=rthk.hk|access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|{{sort|001000000|$1&nbsp;million ([[Hungarian forint|HUF]] 300&nbsp;million)}}
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=No Hungarian casualties reported in Nepal earthquake|url=https://bbj.hu/economy/no-hungarian-casualties-reported-in-nepal-earthquake_96547|work=Budapest Business Journal|date=27 April 2015|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|{{sort|01000000000|$1&nbsp;billion by the government}}
|Material aid in [[Operation Maitri]]:<br />
• 8 tons of baby food<br />
• Over 100 tons of medical supplies<br />
• 75,000 vials of [[insulin]]<br />
• Over 200 tons of water<br />
• 100,000 bottles of water every day from the [[Indian Railways]]<br />
• Hundreds of tons of food and dry rations<br />
• 43 tons of relief material<br />
• 10 tons of blankets<br />
• Several tons of stretchers, tents <br />
• A [[reverse osmosis]] (RO) plant<br />
• Oxygen regenerators & cylinders<br />
• 345 tons of relief material, dry food and essential medicines from the state governments of [[Bihar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|Rescue aid:<br />
• 16 [[National Disaster Response Force]] teams, over 1,000 personnel, search-&-rescue dogs<br />
• Hundreds of retired [[Indian Gorkha]] soldiers of the [[Indian Army]]<br />
• Hundreds of Indian Army and [[Indian Air Force]] personnel<br />
• Military task forces headquartered in [[Kathmandu]] and [[Barpak]]<br />
• Relief sorties by [[Ilyushin Il-76]], [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130J Hercules]], [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|C-17 Globemaster]], [[Antonov An-32]] aircraft<!--NOTE: remove articles, if there is more than one aircraft of each listed type deployed, but then specify how many--><br />
• Civilian aircraft<br />
• Helicopters – [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]], Cheetah, [[HAL Dhruv]] ALH<br />
• [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicles]] (UAVs)<br />
• 18 member medical team<br />
• 3 [[field hospitals]]<br />
• 2 mobile teams of specialist doctors<br />
• 41 member medical team from the state of [[Rajasthan]]<br />
• [[Indian Air Force]] rapid action medical team<br />
• 45 bed hospital at Lagankhel<br />
• Light vehicles<br />
• Earth moving equipment<br />
• 18 Indian Army Engineer Task Forces ([[Indian Army Corps of Engineers]])<br />
• [[Indian Oil Corporation]] team<br />
• [[PowerGrid Corporation of India]] engineers<br />
• 36+ vehicles – ambulances and water tankers – from the [[Sashastra Seema Bal]]<br />
• 39 member Indian Army team deployed at the [[Everest Base Camp]] to search for, rescue and assist climbers

Evacuation of over 20,000 Indian citizens and hundreds of foreign nationals by air and road
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/india-sends-10-ndrf-teams-for-relief-and-resue-operation-in-nepal/|title=India sends 10 NDRF Teams for Relief and Rescue Operation in Nepal|work=Bihar Prabha}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/nepal-earthquake/aid-arrives-nepal-after-devastating-earthquake-n348431|title=Nepal Earthquake: Major Aftershock Hits Kathmandu as Toll Climbs|publisher=NBC News|date=27 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/south-asia/nepal-earthquake-relief-rescue-operations-as-they-happened-on-monday_1585623.html|title=Nepal earthquake: Relief, rescue operations as they happened on Monday|work=Zee News|date=27 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nepal-earthquake-rescue-operations-india-s-operation-maitri-death-toll/article1-1341152.aspx|title=Nepal quake: India launches 'Operation Maitri', airlifts many|work=Hindustan Times|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426205731/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nepal-earthquake-rescue-operations-india-s-operation-maitri-death-toll/article1-1341152.aspx}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/live-kathmandu-airport-reopens-nepal-quake-death-toll-rises-to-2263-2212618.html|title=Live: Kathmandu airport reopens for rescue ops, Nepal quake death toll rises to 2263|work=FirstPost|date=5 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-operation-maitri-india-launches-massive-relief-and-rescue-efforts-in-nepal-2080936|title=Operation Maitri: India launches massive relief and rescue efforts in Nepal|work=DNA India|date=26 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-nepal-quake-indian-railway-provides-one-lakh-rail-neer-bottles-as-relief-2080790|title=Nepal quake: Indian Railway provides one lakh 'rail neer' bottles as relief|work=DNA India|date=26 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150427/jsp/nation/story_16909.jsp#.VUBKsNKqqkp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150429032332/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150427/jsp/nation/story_16909.jsp%23.VUBKsNKqqkp|archive-date=29 April 2015|title=Operation Maitri in full swing|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Operation-Maitri-in-Full-Swing-to-Pull-Nepal-Out-of-Rubble/2015/04/28/article2786787.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519130241/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Operation-Maitri-in-Full-Swing-to-Pull-Nepal-Out-of-Rubble/2015/04/28/article2786787.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 May 2015|title=Operation Maitri in Full Swing to Pull Nepal Out of Rubble|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/south-asia/nepal-earthquake-rescue-relief-work-as-they-happened-on-tuesday_1586217.html|title=Nepal earthquake: Rescue, relief work as they happened on Tuesday|work=Zee News|date=28 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Bagchi|first=Arindam|author-link=Arindam Bagchi|user=MEAIndia|number=592939002392670208|date=28 April 2015|title=#IndiaWithNepal 8 Tonnes of Baby food and skimmed milk, 6 Tonnes of Medicines, 2 Tonnes of biscuits in other material http://t.co/JTDng3Hdl8|access-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204012457/https://twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/592939002392670208|archive-date=4 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Bagchi|first=Arindam|author-link=Arindam Bagchi|user=MEAIndia|number=592938532915785728|date=28 April 2015|title=#IndiaWithNepal More materials for rescue and relief efforts today: 2 Engineering Task Forces, 100 Personnel, 55 tonnes of drinking water|access-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612112901/https://twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/592938532915785728|archive-date=12 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/live-indias-help-like-extending-blank-cheque-says-nepal-earthquake-death-toll-at-5057-2212618.html|title=Live: India's help was like extending blank cheque, says Nepal; earthquake death toll at 5,057|work=FirstPost.com|date=5 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/india-evacuates-170-foreigners-from-nepal-115042800885_1.html|title=India evacuates 170 foreigners from Nepal|work=DNA India|date=28 April 2015|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-evacuates-170-foreign-nationals-from-Nepal/articleshow/47084427.cms|title=India evacuates 170 foreign nationals from Nepal|work=The Times of India|date=28 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Bagchi|first=Arindam|author-link=Arindam Bagchi|user=MEAIndia|number=594171243655397376|date=1 May 2015|title=#OperationMaitri 345 tonnes of relief material, dry food, water & essential medicines, from the State Govts of Bihar & UP arrived in Nepal|access-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022034111/https://twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/594171243655397376|archive-date=22 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Bagchi|first=Arindam|author-link=Arindam Bagchi|user=MEAIndia|number=593790041299628032|date=30 April 2015|title=#OperationMaitri The facts till date. http://t.co/Lx0JPjMDMI|access-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116010326/https://twitter.com/meaindia/status/593790041299628032|archive-date=16 November 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150625/jsp/frontpage/story_27732.jsp#.VtfVYX197IU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625102951/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150625/jsp/frontpage/story_27732.jsp#.VtfVYX197IU|archive-date=25 June 2015|title=India to donate $1&nbsp;billion to Nepal|work=The Telegraph|location=India}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{sort|002000000|$2 million}}
|2 [[Boeing 737 Classic|Boeing 737-400s]] belonging to the [[Indonesian Armed Forces]] and [[Garuda Indonesia]], flew with 6 tons of relief supplies – blankets, body bags, food, water<br /> hospital and sleeping tents, medical equipment: and medicines
|66 personnel of SAR and Medical team
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Indonesia Kirim Tim SAR dan Medis ke Nepal|url=http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2015/04/27/119740/indonesia-kirim-tim-sar-dan-tim-medis-ke-nepal|access-date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081919/http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2015/04/27/119740/indonesia-kirim-tim-sar-dan-tim-medis-ke-nepal|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Indonesia kirim bantuan 6 ton ke Nepal|url=http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2015/04/29/173661971/Indonesia-Kirim-6-Ton-Bantuan-ke-Nepal|date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}
|
|An {{convert|80000|lb|kg}} relief package (via India)
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|script-title=fa:اعلام مراتب تسلیت جمعیت هلال احمر ایران به دولت و مردم نپال/ آمادگ هلال احمر ایران برای انجام عملیات پاسخگویی به حادثه و کمک به زلزله زدگان نپالی|url=http://rcs.ir/?p=68430|access-date=26 April 2015|language=fa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084049/http://rcs.ir/?p=68430|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Iran Red Crescent ready to send relief to Nepal|url=http://www7.as.irna.ir/en/News/81585193/|agency=[[Islamic Republic News Agency]]|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518080659/http://www7.as.irna.ir/en/News/81585193/|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=40 tons humanitarian relief supplies ready to dispatch to Nepal|url=http://www7.as.irna.ir/en/News/81585863//|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518080655/http://www7.as.irna.ir/en/News/81585863//|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|{{sort|001126000|$1.126 million}}
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ireland responds to Nepal earthquake|url=https://www.irishaid.ie/news-publications/news/newsarchive/2015/april/ireland-responds-to-nepal-earthquake|access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|
|Three [[Israeli Air Force|IAF]] [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|Hercules]] and two [[El Al]] [[Boeing 747-400]] jets carrying a joint [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] and [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|MFA]] search-&-rescue team and 95 tons of equipment including a field hospital (with premature-babies ward), cutters, electronic sniffers, generators, and lighting equipment. The planes were also used for evacuation.
|264 person search-&-rescue team, including physicians.
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Search and rescue team to depart shortly from Israel to region; will include doctors|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Netanyahu-Israel-will-provide-all-possible-help-to-Nepal-399148|access-date=25 April 2015|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Rescuers on 2 El Al jets heading for Nepal Sunday|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/194537|access-date=25 April 2015|work=Arutz Sheva|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=IAF plane brings babies born in quake-struck Nepal to Israel|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/IAF-plane-with-first-batch-of-Israeli-survivors-of-Nepal-quake-lands-at-military-base-399291|access-date=27 April 2015|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=27 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}
|{{sort|000326000|$326,000}}
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Times of Israel">{{cite news|title=Leaders, charities offer condolences, help after Nepal quake|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/leaders-charities-offer-condolences-help-after-nepal-quake/|access-date=15 May 2015|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=25 April 2015|last1=Katz|first1=Gregory}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|{{sort|008400000|$8.4 million}}
|Emergency relief supplies worth US$210,000
|70 experts – Foreign Ministry, the [[National Police Agency (Japan)|National Police Agency]], and JICA, along with rescuers, search-&-rescue dog handlers, communication specialists, physicians, and field coordinators
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Balachandran/><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Japan Starts Emergency Assistance to Nepal over the Great Earthquake|url=http://www.povertist.com/japan-starts-emergency-assistance-to-nepal-over-the-great-earthquake|access-date=25 April 2014|work=Poverist|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Emergency Grant Aid to Nepal for the Earthquake Damage|url=http://www.np.emb-japan.go.jp/ann/270415a.html|access-date=29 April 2014|work=Poverist|date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Macau}}
|{{sort|002000000|$2&nbsp;million}}
|MGM Macau donated {{sort|000060000|$60,000}} to the Macau Red Cross for the ongoing earthquake relief effort in Nepal
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Macau government and gaming operator give financial aid to Nepal|url=https://macaunews.mo/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%9A%E5%BD%A9%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5%E5%95%86%E6%8F%B4%E5%8A%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94/|work=Macau News|date=8 May 2015|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=8 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908072740/https://macaunews.mo/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%9A%E5%BD%A9%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5%E5%95%86%E6%8F%B4%E5%8A%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94/}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|
|
|20 doctors – [[Mercy Malaysia]] and [[Malaysian Red Crescent]]; 30-man rescue team – Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) 
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nst.com.my/node/81740|title=Malaysia ready to help Nepal, says Anifah|author=Azura Abas|newspaper=[[New Straits Times]]|date=26 April 2015|access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/malaysia-to-send-doctors/1808214.html|title=Malaysia to send doctors, rescuers to Nepal: PM Najib|publisher=[[Channel News Asia]]|date=26 April 2015|access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www-nst-com-my.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.nst.com.my/node/81866/amp?amp_js_v=a2&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQA#referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2F2015%2F09%2Fmalaysia-send-assistance-nepal|title=Malaysia to send assistance to Nepal|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=26 April 2015|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|
|Other aid (TBA)
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/60294|title=IGMH Group gives USD 10,000 disaster aid to Nepal|work=HaveeruOnline|access-date=29 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429220157/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/60294|archive-date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|
|
|Earthquake rescue brigade and engineers.
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Daily AFAD" /><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Estas son las formas en que puedes ayudar a Nepal desde México|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2015/04/27/nepal-sismo-terremoto-donaciones-donativos-ayuda-socorro-oxfam-cruz-roja|access-date=28 April 2015|agency=[[Turner Broadcasting System]]|publisher=CNNMéxico|date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518080700/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2015/04/27/nepal-sismo-terremoto-donaciones-donativos-ayuda-socorro-oxfam-cruz-roja|archive-date=18 May 2015|language=es|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Topos de Tlatelolco apoyarán en labores de rescate en Nepal|url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/comunidad/2015/04/28/1021198|access-date=28 April 2015|agency=[[Excélsior]]|publisher=Excélsior|date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518080700/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2015/04/27/nepal-sismo-terremoto-donaciones-donativos-ayuda-socorro-oxfam-cruz-roja|archive-date=18 May 2015|language=es|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|
|Other aid (TBA)
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Daily AFAD"/>
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|{{sort|029844275.18|$4.45&nbsp;million by the government and $25.394.275,18 raised by GIRO 555 Action ('Netherlands helps Nepal')}}
|5 tons of relief supplies
|62-man and 8-dog team; several physicians, nurses, and engineers
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nederland, bedankt voor deze prachtige start!=GIRO 555 WEBSITE|date=26 May 2015|access-date=26 May 2015|url=http://giro555.nl/newsarticle/nederland-bedankt-voor-deze-prachtige-start/|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101159/http://giro555.nl/newsarticle/nederland-bedankt-voor-deze-prachtige-start/}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Dutch rescue team to aid Nepal earthquake response|work=NL Times|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://www.nltimes.nl/2015/04/26/dutch-rescue-team-to-aid-nepal-earthquake-response/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150427000701/http://www.nltimes.nl/2015/04/26/dutch-rescue-team-to-aid-nepal-earthquake-response/|archive-date=27 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{sort|000771000|$771,000 in humanitarian aid}}
|
|45 urban search and rescue technicians, 2 aid workers and an engineer.
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rilkoff|first1=Matt|title=Strong 6.7 aftershock rocks Nepal|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/asia/68061957/strong-67-aftershock-rocks-nepal|access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nz.news.yahoo.com/top-stories/a/27535464/nz-aid-workers-off-to-nepal/|title=NZ aid workers off to Nepal – Yahoo New Zealand|publisher=Nz.news.yahoo.com|date=9 April 2015|access-date=3 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085655/https://nz.news.yahoo.com/top-stories/a/27535464/nz-aid-workers-off-to-nepal/|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}
|{{sort|031100000|$31.1&nbsp;million (as of 25 May 2015). Including: $17.3 million (Norwegian government) and $13.8 million in donations to Norwegian aid organizations through aid concerts and donations from the Norwegian public.}}
|
|Deployed NORSAR Search and Rescue team, consisting of [[search dogs]], emergency medical personnel and firefighters and equipment and aid of 15.3 tonnes. Transported with the help of a Boeing [[737-800]] of [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]].
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Regjeringen bidrar med ytterligere 100 millioner kroner til Nepal|work=Regjeringen|url=https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/aktuelt/regjeringen-bidrar-med-ytterligere-100-millioner-kroner-til-nepal/id2409067/|date=28 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015|language=no}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Norwegian Search and Rescue Team i Nepal|url=http://www.norske-redningshunder.no/nyhetsarkiv/norwegian-search-and-rescue-team-i-nepal|access-date=23 May 2015|language=no|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226113346/https://www.nrh.no/nyhetsarkiv/norwegian-search-and-rescue-team-i-nepal}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/jordskjelvkatastrofen-i-nepal/artister-samlet-inn-19-millioner-til-nepal-ofre/a/23456080/|title=Artister samlet inn 19 millioner til Nepal-ofre|author=Frank Haugsbø|work=VG|access-date=13 June 2015|date=25 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|
|
•Four [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|Lockheed C-130]] planes<br />
•30-bed hospital<br />
•2,000 [[Military rations|military meals]]<br />
•600 blankets<br />
•200 tents<br />
other assorted relief items
|Military emergency personnel including army doctors, medical staff, and the combined [[Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority|ERRA]]-[[National Disaster Management Authority (Pakistan)|NDMA]]'s special search and rescue teams with [[Search and rescue dog|sniffer dogs]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: Rescue effort intensifies|publisher=BBC|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32470731}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake kills 1,341 people while climbers 'run for their lives' after avalanche on Everest|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/11562782/Nepal-earthquake-live.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/11562782/Nepal-earthquake-live.html|archive-date=12 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=25 April 2015|access-date=25 April 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|
|
|Soldiers, [[Philippine Red Cross]] staff, the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] Humanitarian Assistance Team and volunteers
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/04/27/1448484/aquino-nepal-not-alone-after-deadly-quake|title=Aquino: Nepal is not alone after deadly quake|work=The Philippine Star|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mabasa|first1=Roy|title=DFA to help 2 Pinoys on Everest as Nepal quake toll nears 2,000|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/dfa-to-help-2-pinoys-on-everest-as-nepal-quake-toll-nears-2000/|access-date=27 April 2015|newspaper=Manila Bulletin|date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429232514/http://www.mb.com.ph/dfa-to-help-2-pinoys-on-everest-as-nepal-quake-toll-nears-2000/|archive-date=29 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/690480/nepal-quake-victims-get-clean-drinking-water-thanks-to-mmda-team|title=Nepal quake victims get clean drinking water, thanks to MMDA team|author=Maricar B. Brizuela|work=inquirer.net|date=11 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}
|
|15 tons of humanitarian aid, including food, medicines, clothes, [[water purification tablets]], etc., donated by the Republic of Poland and various Polish charitable organizations.
|81 firefighters of the [[State Fire Service]], 12 [[search and rescue dog]]s, and 6 doctors of the Polish Center for International Aid
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kontakt24.tvn24.pl/najnowsze/polscy-strazacy-polecieli-z-pomoca-do-nepalu,166183.html|title=Polscy strażacy polecieli z pomocą do Nepalu|date=25 April 2015|work=[[TVN24]]|language=pl}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polskieradio.pl/5/3/Artykul/1429534,Trzesienie-ziemi-w-Nepalu-Polacy-pomoga-w-akcji-ratunkowej|title=Trzęsienie ziemi w Nepalu. Polacy pomogą w akcji ratunkowej|date=26 April 2015|work=[[Polskie Radio]]|language=pl}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiadomosci.dziennik.pl/wydarzenia/galeria/489370,trzesienie-ziemi-w-nepalu-nepal-otrzyma-pomoc-humanitarna-z-polski.html|title=15 ton pomocy. Polskie wojsko poleciało do Nepalu. ZDJĘCIA|website=Dziennik.pl|date=2 May 2015|access-date=11 December 2023|language=pl}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{sort|000200000|$200,000 (€160,000)}}
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Four Portuguese caught in Nepal earthquake devastation|url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/four-portuguese-caught-in-nepal-earthquake-devastation/34638|work=The Portugal News|date=30 April 2015|access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|
|2 aircraft with 60 tons of relief materials, such as food, medicines, power generators, and tents; 2 additional aircraft with 120 tons of relief materials, in addition to a field hospital provided by [[Qatar Red Crescent Society|Qatari Red Crescent]]
|Aid operations
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar supplies aid to earthquake victims in Nepal|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/qatar/178/details/436604/qatar-transports-aid-to-nepal-earthquake-victims|website=[[Gulf Times]]|access-date=27 April 2015|date=26 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
|
|Two [[Ilyushin Il-76]] airplanes with 'a team of 90 rescuers and rescue equipment,' and 'a batch of humanitarian aid of food products and articles of daily necessity.'
|50 highly skilled rescue workers
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Russia provides assistance to citizens of all post-Soviet states in Nepal|url=http://tass.ru/en/world/792299|work=TASS|date=28 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Russia's Emergencies Ministry offers aid to Nepal in eliminating aftermaths of earthquake|url=http://tass.ru/en/russia/791789|work=TASS|date=25 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|
|The Kingdom has sent 190 tons of aid to earthquake-hit Nepal, which includes food, tents and medical supplies, according to the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The Kingdom also sent medical workers.
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/750811|title=Saudi Arabia sends 190 tons of aid to Nepal|date=22 May 2015}}</ref>

|-
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{sort|000100000|$100,000}}
|
|60 members of the [[Singapore Civil Defence Force]]; officers from Singapore's police forces, including the [[Gurkha Contingent]]; another relief team
|style="text-align:center;"|.<ref name=Balachandran/><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Singapore prepares to send 55-man search-and-rescue team to Nepal|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/more-singapore-stories/story/singapore-prepares-send-55-man-search-and-rescue-team-ne|access-date=28 April 2015|work=The Straits Times|date=25 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|{{sort|000033000|$33,000}}
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/274897/lajcak-vyclenil-30-000-eur-pre-nepal|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150509181050/http://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/274897/lajcak-vyclenil-30-000-eur-pre-nepal|archive-date=9 May 2015|title=Lajčák vyčlenil 30 000 eur pre Nepál|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|language=sk}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{sort|000055000|$55,000}}
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slovenskenovice.si/novice/slovenija/slovenija-nepalu-namenila-50-tisoc-evrov-pomoci|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150429152222/http://www.slovenskenovice.si/novice/slovenija/slovenija-nepalu-namenila-50-tisoc-evrov-pomoci|archive-date=29 April 2015|title=Slovenija Nepalu namenila 50 tisoč evrov pomoči|date=29 April 2015|access-date=29 April 2015|language=sl}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.sta.si/2130065/government-to-give-eur-50-000-to-quake-stricken-nepal|title=Government to Give EUR 50,000 to Quake-Stricken Nepal|publisher=STA|date=29 April 2015|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sloveniatimes.com/government-to-give-eur-50-000-to-quake-stricken-nepal|title=Government to Give EUR 50,000 to Quake-Stricken Nepal|work=[[The Slovenia Times]]|date=29 April 2015|access-date=30 April 2015|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226113842/http://www.sloveniatimes.com/government-to-give-eur-50-000-to-quake-stricken-nepal}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|
|
|A search and rescue team composed of members of the [[South African Police Service]] with police dogs to aid in the rescue operation.
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last1=Magubane|first1=Khulekani|title=South African police to assist with search-and-rescue efforts in Nepal|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2015/04/28/south-african-police-to-assist-with-search-and-rescue-efforts-in-nepal|website=[[TimesLIVE]]|publisher=RDM News Wire, Business Day|access-date=29 April 2015|date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|{{sort|001000000|$1 million}}
|Sindhupalchok area <br />
• 1000 tents<br />
• Food packages for 230 families (Rice 10&nbsp;kg, bean 1&nbsp;kg, salt 1&nbsp;kg, oil, Nepal noodle 1&nbsp;kg, 10 vitamin tablets etc. per a package)<br />
• 2.4 tons of rice, 320 bottles of vegetable oil, salts for 740 villagers
|42 search and rescue workers including 15 medics and two assistants. Two sniffer dogs.
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LPOD&mid=sec&oid=001&aid=0007554795&isYeonhapFlash=Y|script-title=ko:정부 "네팔에 100만달러 지원…한국인 부상자 3명으로 늘어"(종합2보)|date=26 April 2015|language=ko}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2015/04/27/0301000000AEN20150427002553315.html|title=S. Korea to send 40-member relief team to quake-hit Nepal|date=27 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2015/05/01/90/0301000000AEN20150501003000315F.html|title=S. Korea sends 32 more aid workers to quake-hit Nepal|date=1 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kfhi.or.kr/Together/News/MinistryNewsView.asp?WorkMasterNo=360&selectNews=G|script-title=ko:기아대책 네팔 지진 긴급구호 상황일지[DAY11,12]|date=8 May 2015|website=Korea Food for the Hungry Intl.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090801/http://www.kfhi.or.kr/Together/News/MinistryNewsView.asp?WorkMasterNo=360&selectNews=G|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}
|
|30 tons of humanitarian aid, including more than 3,200 blankets, 1680 awnings and 500 kitchen sets, donated in part by Spanish Red Cross.
|47 soldiers of the [[Military Emergencies Unit]] and seven agents of the [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guard]], with 60 tons of material, in order to find Spanish citizens unlocated.
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cadenaser.com/ser/2015/05/01/internacional/1430482413_894054.html|title=España encabeza la ayuda europea de emergencia en Nepal|date=1 May 2015|language=es|website=Cadena Ser}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ondacero.es/noticias/internacional/espana-enviara-toneladas-ayuda-emergencia-nepal_2015042700129.html|title=España enviará 30 toneladas de ayuda de emergencia a Nepal|date=27 April 2015|language=es|website=Ondacero|access-date=2 May 2015|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226113840/https://www.ondacero.es/noticias/mundo/espana-enviara-toneladas-ayuda-emergencia-nepal_20150427553e48a10cf2a0530b729c63.html}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2015/05/01/actualidad/1430482619_021357.html|title=España envía a Nepal un equipo de rescate con 59 militares y agentes|date=1 May 2015|language=es|newspaper=El País|last1=González|first1=Miguel}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|
|[[Sri Lanka Air Force|SLAF]] [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130 Hercules]] flight and Sri Lankan Airlines [[Airbus A330]] flight with 17 tonnes of medicine, engineering, signal and ordnance equipment, supportive transport requirements, water bottles, health accessories, dry rations, and water purification tablets, etc.
|Groups of specialist physicians, other medical staff, and medicine; 44 [[Sri Lanka Armed Forces]] personnel and 4 medical consultants; a team of 156 persons, including 11 airmen, 4 medical consultants, and 14 sailors; 97 service personnel: 72 [[Sri Lanka Army]] personnel, 14 [[Sri Lanka Navy]] personnel, 11 [[Sri Lanka Air Force]] personnel
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/70317/sri-lanka-to-send-emergency-relief-to-nepal|title=Sri Lanka to send emergency relief to Nepal|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colombopage.com/archive_15A/Apr29_1430324462CH.php|title=Sri Lanka sends second flight with service personnel and supplies to Nepal|date=29 April 2015|access-date=30 April 2015|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226113522/http://www.colombopage.com/archive_15A/Apr29_1430324462CH.php}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|{{sort|001500000|$1.5 million}}
|
|40 support personnel: ICT, coordination, assessment, camp technicians, structural engineer
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Swedish rescue team stuck on way to Nepal|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20150428/swedish-rescue-team-stuck-en-route-to-nepal|publisher=The Local Sweden|last=Löfgren|first=Emma|date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|{{sort|026700000|$26.7&nbsp;million (fundraising)}}
|38 tonnes of relief supplies
|Experts, including a physician, a building surveyor, and a water quality technician
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Séisme au Népal: les Suisses sont les plus généreux en comparaison internationale|work=Chaîne du Bonheur|date=27 May 2015|access-date=28 May 2015|url=http://www.bonheur.ch/fr/infotheque/actualite/detail/news/2015/05/27/4790_seisme_au_nepal_les_suisses_sont_les_plus_genereux_en_comparaison_internationale.html|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528221131/http://www.bonheur.ch/fr/infotheque/actualite/detail/news/2015/05/27/4790_seisme_au_nepal_les_suisses_sont_les_plus_genereux_en_comparaison_internationale.html|archive-date=28 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Earthquake in Nepal: Switzerland sends 38 tonnes of relief supplies to the affected area|work=Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency|date=1 May 2015|access-date=6 May 2015|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/earthquake-nepal-switzerland-sends-38-tonnes-relief-supplies-affected-area}}</ref><br><ref>{{cite web|title="Everyone is on edge": Swiss emergency and reconstruction aid in Nepal after the earthquake of April 2015|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/fdfa/fdfa/aktuell/newsuebersicht/2020/04/nepal-erdbeben-2015.html|publisher=Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA)|date=24 April 2020|access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Taiwan}}
|{{sort|000300000|$300,000}}
|
|Nepal rejected Taiwan's offer to send search and rescue teams due to "[[Foreign relations of Taiwan#International disputes|China factor]]".
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/earthquake-katmandu-nepal-updates/nepal-rejects-taiwans-offer-to-help-rescue-efforts-but-accepts-medical-help/|title=Nepal Rejects Taiwanese Offer of Rescue Help, but Accepts Medical Aid|first=Austin|last=Ramzy|date=27 April 2015|access-date=22 May 2017|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Taiwan donates US$300,000 to Nepal in wake of massive quake|url=http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/etn/news_content.php?id=2727088|website=Taiwan News|access-date=26 April 2015}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{sort|006080000|$200,000 by government <br /> $302,000 by the king <br /> $5.56&nbsp;million by the public}}
|
|Medics and rescue staff
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.co.th/women/317705|script-title=th:'ในหลวง-ราชินี'พระราชทาน เงิน 10 ล้านช่วยชาวเนปาล|work=Daily News|date=30 January 2017|language=th}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thairath.co.th/content/495255|script-title=th:น้ำใจไทยไม่แพ้ใคร! 'บิ๊กตู่' จัดเต็ม ส่งทีมแพทย์-บรรเทาทุกข์ ช่วยชาวเนปาล|website=Thairath|date=26 April 2015|language=th}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.posttoday.com/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87/361424/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%98-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5|script-title=th:บิ๊กตู่สั่งสธ.-กองทัพส่งความช่วยเหลือให้เนปาล|work=Post Today|language=th|access-date=27 April 2015|archive-date=19 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519034633/http://www.posttoday.com/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87/361424/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%98-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hilight.kapook.com/view/119628|script-title=th:รวมรายชื่อหน่วยงานเปิดรับบริจาค ช่วยแผ่นดินไหวเนปาล|website=hilight.kapook.com|date=27 April 2015|language=th}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manager.co.th/Home/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9580000055329|script-title=th:รบ.เผยยอดบริจาคช่วยผู้ประสบภัยเนปาลกว่า 186 ล.|website=Manager|language=th|access-date=19 May 2015|archive-date=21 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521012349/http://www.manager.co.th/Home/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9580000055329}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|
|1,000 tents and 320 food packages.
|Up to 96 search and rescue staff
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aa.com.tr/en/headline/501619--nepalis-frustrated-by-aid-delay-thousands-leave-capital|title=More than 1,800 killed in Nepal earthquake|access-date=2 May 2015|work=AA|date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{Sort|001360000|$1.36 million}}
|Medical and food supplies, purchased from India
|88 search and rescue staff
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Balachandran/><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=UAE aid to Nepal earthquake victims|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|date=26 April 2015|access-date=26 April 2015|url=http://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/uae-aid-to-nepal-earthquake-victims}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{sort|130000000|$130&nbsp;million (£83&nbsp;million), of which $51&nbsp;million (£33&nbsp;million) was donated by the government and $79&nbsp;million (£50&nbsp;million) was donated by the public}}
|30 tonnes of humanitarian aid and 8 tonnes of equipment
|Around 100 search and rescue responders, medical experts, and disaster and rescue experts deployed by the [[Department for International Development]]'s [[United Kingdom International Search and Rescue Team]]; engineers from the British Army's [[Brigade of Gurkhas]]; three [[Boeing Chinook (UK variants)|Chinook]] helicopters (returned unused by the Nepalese government)
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal earthquake: UK aid response|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nepal-earthquake-uk-aid-response|website=GOV.UK|access-date=16 May 2015|date=14 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Dec Nepal Earthquake Appeal Reaches Milestone £50M|url=http://www.dec.org.uk/appeals/nepal-earthquake-appeal/press-release/dec-nepal-earthquake-appeal-reaches-milestone-£50m|publisher=Disasters Emergency Committee|access-date=16 May 2015|date=11 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512201057/http://www.dec.org.uk/appeals/nepal-earthquake-appeal/press-release/dec-nepal-earthquake-appeal-reaches-milestone-%C2%A350m|archive-date=12 May 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: British Chinooks banned from delivering aid in case they blow roofs off|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nepal-earthquake-british-chinooks-banned-from-delivering-aid-in-case-they-blow-roofs-off-10246876.html|access-date=16 May 2015|newspaper=The Independent|date=13 May 2014}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=British Army Gurkha engineers to fly to Nepal earthquake zone|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/11566969/British-Army-Gurkha-engineers-to-fly-to-Nepal-earthquake-zone.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/11566969/British-Army-Gurkha-engineers-to-fly-to-Nepal-earthquake-zone.html|archive-date=12 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=28 April 2015|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=27 April 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: RAF aid flight prepares to leave Brize Norton|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-32488583|access-date=29 April 2015|publisher=BBC|date=27 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: UK aid donations reach £15m|publisher=BBC|date=29 April 2015|access-date=29 April 2015|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-32508586}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|{{sort|010000000|$10&nbsp;million by government, the public donates separately through several agencies}}
|
|A disaster response team from [[United States Agency for International Development|USAID]]; [[Urban Search and Rescue Virginia Task Force 1]] from Fairfax County, Virginia was deployed to Nepal from the [[Dover Air Force Base]]; Los Angeles County's [[Urban Search and Rescue California Task Force 2]]; U.S. Army [[Special Forces (United States Army)|Green Beret]] soldiers; 900 Marines of the [[3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade]]; eight C-130s, five helicopters and four [[Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey|V-22 Osprey]] [[VTOL]] aircraft
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: US to send disaster response team and m in aid|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/25/nepal-earthquake-us-disaster-response-aid|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=26 April 2015|date=25 April 2015|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite tweet|author=Fairfax County Fire/Rescue|user=ffxfirerescue|number=592134306694311936|date=26 April 2015|title=VATF1 will depart for Dover AFB @ 0100 hours to board a Military plane to head to Kathmandu later this morning landing @ 4/27/15|access-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531171718/https://twitter.com/ffxfirerescue/status/592134306694311936|archive-date=31 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>[http://www.talkradionews.com/world-news/2015/04/27/the-latest-on-u-s-aid-to-nepal.html#.VT_EtmOootV $10 Million: The Latest On U.S. Aid To Nepal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003351/http://www.talkradionews.com/world-news/2015/04/27/the-latest-on-u-s-aid-to-nepal.html#.VT_EtmOootV |date=5 May 2015 }} Talk Radio News Service; 28 April 2015</ref><br /><ref name="NYT-Latest">{{cite news|title=The Latest on Nepal Quake: US Soldiers Stay in Nepal to Help|work=The New York Times|date=26 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/04/26/world/asia/ap-as-nepal-earthquake-the-latest.html?_r=0}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kerry-unveils-10-mln-nepal-quake-aid-160615711.html|title=US sends $10 mn in Nepal quake aid|date=27 April 2015|publisher=Yahoo News}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal quake: US aid planes arrive in Kathmandu|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32572533|publisher=BBC News|access-date=4 May 2015|date=3 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Vatican City}}
|{{sort|000100000|$100,000}}
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>[https://archive.today/20150501154225/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1501805.htm Pope Francis' reaction to Nepal earthquake includes sending $100,000], catholicnews.com; accessed 1 May 2015.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|{{sort|000080000|$50,000 by government <br /> $30,000 by the Vietnam Red Cross}}<br />
|
|11 rescuers – [[Red Cross of Viet Nam|Vietnam Red Cross]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Vietnam-Red-Cross-sends-aid-to-Nepal/20154/64917.vnplus|title=Vietnam Red Cross sends aid to Nepal|publisher=Vietnam+|date=30 April 2015|access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thanhniennews.com/society/vietnam-red-cross-team-draws-flak-for-leaving-nepal-amid-crisis-42799.html|title=Vietnam Red Cross team draws flak for leaving Nepal amid crisis|author=Ta Ban|publisher=[[Thanh Niên]]|date=3 May 2015|access-date=3 May 2015|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226113747/http://www.thanhniennews.com/society/vietnam-red-cross-team-draws-flak-for-leaving-nepal-amid-crisis-42799.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Approximate Total
|USD $3 billion
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{Cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2015-06-25|title=Nepal donors pledge $3bn for rebuilding in aftermath of earthquakes|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jun/25/nepal-earthquakes-3bn-aid-pledge-international-donors-kathmandu|access-date=2020-04-12|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Bhadra|last2=Najar|first2=Nida|date=2015-06-25|title=Foreign Donors Pledge $3 Billion to Help Rebuild Quake-Ravaged Nepal|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/26/world/asia/foreign-donors-pledge-3-billion-to-help-rebuild-quake-ravaged-nepal.html|access-date=2020-04-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Nepal|China|India}}
* [[Economy of Nepal]]
* [[Foreign aid to Nepal]]
* [[Geology of the Himalaya]]
* [[List of avalanches]]
* [[List of earthquakes in 2015]]
* [[List of earthquakes in China]]
* [[List of earthquakes in India]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Nepal]]
* [[List of earthquakes in South Asia]]
* [[List of people who died climbing Mount Everest]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in Nepal]]
* [[Operation Sahayogi Haat]]
* [[Politics of Nepal]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="NEPAL-EQ-2015">{{cite journal|title=Strong ground motion in the Kathmandu Valley during the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake. Earth Planets Space 68, 10 (2016).|journal=Earth, Planets and Space|date=26 January 2016|volume=68|issue=1|page=10|publisher=Takai, N., Shigefuji, M., Rajaure, S. et al.|doi=10.1186/s40623-016-0383-7|s2cid=41484836|last1=Takai|first1=Nobuo|doi-access=free|hdl=2115/60622|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|2015 Nepal earthquake}}
* [http://earthquake-report.com/2015/04/25/massive-earthquake-nepal-on-april-25-2015/ Deadly earthquake Nepal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224014520/https://earthquake-report.com/2015/04/25/massive-earthquake-nepal-on-april-25-2015/ |date=24 December 2018 }} on Earthquake Report Website
* [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/ USGS Earthquake Hazards Program] on USGS Website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150505095611/http://seismonepal.gov.np/index.php National Seismological Center] Nepali National Seismological Centre
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VjaSFEf4BU Tectonics & Earthquakes of Himalaya and the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal] – [[IRIS Consortium]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOXsywyYJo8 The 25 April 2015, Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake: An Expected Event that Defied Expectations] – United States Geological Survey
* {{ReliefWeb-link|eq-2015-000048-npl}}
* {{EQ-isc-link|607208674}}
* [https://www.merokalam.com/nepal-earthquake-timeline/ Nepal Earthquake: A Complete Timeline]
*[http://eq2015.npc.gov.np/#/ Nepal Earthquake Open Data Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117033606/http://eq2015.npc.gov.np/#/ |date=17 January 2020 }} by [[National Planning Commission of Nepal|National Planning Commission]] has [[Structural engineering|structural]] and [[Socioeconomic status|socioeconomic]] data of over 1 million [[household]] and 762 thousand [[building]]s of districts most severely effected by the earthquake.
* A number of digital resources relating to the earthquake and the aftermath are hosted by [https://digital.soas.ac.uk/results/?t=sway SOAS Digital Collections].

{{2015 Nepal earthquakes}}
{{Earthquakes in Nepal}}
{{Disasters in India in 2015}}
{{Earthquakes in 2015}}
{{Himalayan earthquakes}}

[[Category:2015 Nepal earthquakes| ]]
[[Category:2015 earthquakes|Nepal,04]]
[[Category:2015 disasters in India|Nepal earthquake]]
[[Category:2015 in Tibet|Nepal earthquake]]
[[Category:2015 disasters in China|Nepal earthquake]]
[[Category:2015 in Bangladesh|Nepal earthquake]]
[[Category:2015 in Bhutan|Nepal earthquake]]
[[Category:2015 in Pakistan|Nepal earthquake]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Nepal|2015, 04]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in India]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Tibet]]
[[Category:Natural disasters in Bihar]]
[[Category:April 2015 events in Asia|Nepal earthquake]]
[[Category:Buried rupture earthquakes]]