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Artemas Martin

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Artemas Martin
Artemas Martin (US Naval Observatory)
BornAugust 3, 1835
Steuben County, New York
DiedNovember 7, 1918(1918-11-07) (aged 83)
Washington, DC, United States
CitizenshipAmerican
AwardsHonorary Degrees
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics, puzzles, diophantine analysis
InstitutionsU.S. Coast Survey

Artemas Martin (August 3, 1835 – November 7, 1918) was a self-educated American mathematician.[1]

Biography

Martin was born on August 3, 1835 in Steuben County, New York and grew up in Venango County, Pennsylvania. He was home-schooled until the age of 14, when he began studying mathematics at the local school, later moving to the Franklin Select School a few miles away and then to the Franklin Academy, finishing his formal education at age approximately 20. He worked as a farmer, oil driller, and schoolteacher. In 1881, he declined an invitation to become a professor of mathematics at the Normal School in Missouri. In 1885, he became the librarian for the Survey Office of the United States Coast Guard,[2][3][4][5] and in 1898 he became a computer in the Division of Tides.[4] He died on November 7, 1918.[4]

Mathematical work

Martin was a prolific contributor of problems and solutions to mathematical puzzle columns in popular magazines beginning at the age of 18 in the Pittsburgh Almanac and the Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post. From 1870 to 1875, he was editor of the "Stairway Department" of Clark's School Visitor, one of the magazines to which he had previously contributed. From 1875 to 1876 Martin moved to the Normal Monthly, where he published 16 articles on diophantine analysis. He subsequently became editor of the Mathematical Visitor in 1877 and of the Mathematical Magazine in 1882.[2][4] In 1983 in Chicago, his paper On fifth-power numbers whose sum is a fifth power was read (but not by him) at the International Mathematical Congress held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition.[6]

Martin maintained an extensive mathematical library,[2][5] now in the collections of American University.[4][7]

Awards and societies

In 1877 Martin was given an honorary M.A. from Yale University.[2][4][5][8] In 1882 he was awarded another honorary degree, a Ph.D. from Rutgers University, and his third honorary degree, an LL.D., was given to him in 1885 by Hillsdale College.[2][4][5] He was elected to the London Mathematical Society in 1878, the Société Mathématique de France in 1884, the Edinburgh Mathematical Society in 1885, the Philosophical Society of Washington in 1886, the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1890, and the New York Mathematical Society in 1891.[2] He was also a member of the American Mathematical Society, the Circolo Matematico di Palermo, the Mathematical Association of England, and the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung.[5]

References

  1. ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Artemas Martin", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
  2. ^ a b c d e f Finkel, B. F. (1902), "Biography: Artemas Martin, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.", A Mathematical Solution Book, Springfield, MO: Kibler and Company, pp. 436–437. Reprinted from the American Mathematical Monthly 1 (4): 108–111, 1894.
  3. ^ "Mr. A. Martin, of Erie", New York Times, December 11, 1885. Reprinted from the Boston Post.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Artemas Martin", Science, 48 (1247): 508, 1918, doi:10.1126/science.48.1247.508.
  5. ^ a b c d e Chamberlain, Joshua L., ed. (1899), "Martin, Artemas, Yale M.A. (Hon) 1877", Universities and their sons: history, influence and characteristics of American universities, with biographical sketches and portraits of alumni and recipients of honorary degrees, Volume 3, R. Herndon company, pp. 201–202.
  6. ^ "On fifth-power numbers whose sum is a fifth power". Mathematical papers read at the International Mathematical Congress held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition. NY: Macmillan as publisher for the AMS. 1896. pp. 168–174.
  7. ^ Artemas Martin Collection, American University, retrieved 2011-06-19.
  8. ^ "Yale's new honorary A.M.", Hartford Daily Courant, July 7, 1877.
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