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Avontuur Railway

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Avontuur railway map

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The Avontuur Railway is a closed railway line between Port Elizabeth and the town of Avontuur in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. It is the longest 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge route in the world at a length of 285 kilometres (177 mi).[1] "Avontuur" is the Afrikaans and Dutch word for "adventure".

History

SAR Class NG G13 No 80 plinthed at Joubertina
A Spoornet Class 91-000 on the Avontuur Railway near Humansdorp
The 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge rail bridge over the Kabeljous River outside Jeffreys Bay

The railway was built by the government of the Cape Colony between 1890 and 1906, to connect the Langkloof fruit growing industry with the new port at Port Elizabeth.[2] The section of line between Humewood Road and Humansdorp was opened for public traffic on 1 November 1905.[3]

In 1903 a request was laid before the then government in order to add a branch line to Patensie. This branch was commissioned on 3 April 1914.[4]

In 1906 a branch line was opened to the Port Elizabeth's suburb Walmer and in 1928 a twelve mile long private branch was constructed to the Eastern Province Cement Company (EPCC).[5]

Passenger traffic

Scheduled trains

Scheduled passenger trains were discontinued in the 1940s, although limited space was available on scheduled freight trains until the mid-1970s.[6]

Walmer Branch

From 1906 to 1928 a passenger only branch line, from Valley junction near Port Elizabeth, to the suburb of Walmer, serviced up to 22 trains a day between Port Elizabeth and the terminus at 14th Avenue in Walmer.[7] It was closed as a result from competition from a bus service.

Apple Express

The line was best known for its tourist train, the Apple Express, which commenced operations in 1965 to Loerie, later to Thornhill or Van Stadens River, the highest two foot narrow-gauge railway bridge in the world. The motive power for the Apple Express was retained as steam, normally a SAR NGG16 Class Garratt. The Apple Express ceased operations in 2011 however there are moves to restore a partial, limited, service in 2016 from Port Elizabeth to Van Stadens Station – if not Thornhill.

Freight traffic

Fruit and agriculture

The presence of the railway contributed significantly to the development of agriculture in the Lankloof and Gamtoos Valley, enabling farmers to transport their produce conveniently to the warehouses and harbour at Port Elizabeth.[8] Unfortunately, agricultural transport was lost due to competition from road haulage.[9]

Limestone

In the 1920s a limestone quarry was opened near Loerie to serve the Eastern Province Cement Company (EPCC) in New Brighton near Port Elizabeth via the EPCC owned private line branching off at Chelsea. The limestone traffic ceased in 2001 when the quarries were closed.[9]

Operations

The railway was operated by the South African national railway company Spoornet.

As the South African Government has deregulated the road transport industry, a large amount of traffic has moved from the railway to the roads. Spoornet has hence designated the line as "low density," and always had the threat of closure hanging over it.

After all major freight traffic ceased, only the tourist train Apple Express continued operations but finally ceased in 2011.

In 2014 AER Management was working to recommence running trains and targeting for Phase 1 (Port Elizabeth to Van Stadens Station – if not Thornhill) to be operating in 2015. The goal is to provide a scheduled passenger service to the new multi-billion rand Bay West Mall about 22 km from Port Elizabeth. Scheduled heritage tourism trains will also be run on a day trip basis, with the vision being to have the whole line (285 km) running within two years of Phase 1 becoming operative.

Motive power

Tender locomotives

The first locomotives entering service on the Langkloof line were the NG8 class from 1903 to 1931.

From 1915 to 1935 the NG6, from 1915 to 1939 the NG9 and from 1916 to 1948 the NG10.

The final and largest class to be employed on the Avontuur Railway were 21 NG15's from 1960 to the mid-1980s.

Tank locomotive

Class NG3 performed yard duties around Humewood Road Station in Port Elizabeth from 1939 to 1946

Garratt locomotives

The first Garratt locomotive to be introduced was the NGG11 class, soon to be followed with the NGG13 class in 1927, the latter setting the standard for motive power on the Avontuur railway for the next decades, to be followed with the NGG16 class, very similar to the NGG13.

The smaller Garratt classes NGG12 and NGG14 performed yard duties at Humewood Road railway station in Port Elizabeth until the 1950s.

Diesel locomotives

From 1973 the South African Class 91-000 General Electric diesels were introduced, the most powerful 2 foot gauge diesel in the world.

See also

References

  1. ^ Lewis, Charles; Pivnic, Les. "Soul of A Railway". System 3: Cape Midland, based in Port Elizabeth.
  2. ^ Sellick, W.S.J. (1904). Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904. p. 194.
  3. ^ "Report of the general manager of railways (1910)". 1906. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ Mescht, J (July 2003). Proceedings of the 22nd Southern African Transport Conference (SATC2003). ISBN 0-9584609-6-5. hdl:2263/6834.
  5. ^ Payling, David; Paxton, Leith (January–February 2007). "Narrow Gauge World & Modeling" (49): 1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ "Avontuur Adventurer". geoffs-trains.com. Retrieved 12 July 2009.
  7. ^ Rollison, Richard (23 November 1973). "Saga of the Apple Express". Evening Post. Retrieved 26 December 2011. a-b.
  8. ^ Green, Lawrence. "Chapter Seven - Bay of lost cargoes". Harbours of Memory.
  9. ^ a b http://www.apple-express.co.za/files/apple_express_history.pdf

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