BSA Bantam

BSA Bantam
Manufacturer	BSA
Production	1948–1971
Engine	2-stroke 125 cc (D1); 150 cc (D3); 175 cc (D5 Onwards)
Power	4.5 bhp (3.4 kW) (D1); 5.3 bhp (4.0 kW) (D3); 7.4 bhp (5.5 kW) (D5 & D7); 10 bhp (7.5 kW) (D10); 12.6 bhp (9.4 kW) (D14/4 & B175)
Transmission	Three speed gearbox (D1-D10) Four speed gearbox (D14/4-B175)
Fuel capacity	1.75 imp gal (8.0 L; 2.10 US gal) ("Teardrop" Tanks) ; 2 imp gal (9.1 L; 2.4 US gal) (D5 & D7) ; 1.9 imp gal (8.6 L; 2.3 US gal) (D7 Deluxe onwards)

The BSA Bantam is a two-stroke unit construction motorcycle that was produced by the Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) from 1948 (as a 125 cc) until 1971 (as a 175 cc). Exact production figures are unknown, but it was over 250,000^{[citation needed]} and some estimates place the number closer to half a million.^{[citation needed]}

History

Despite the Bantam being considered the archetypal 'truly British' lightweight motorcycle^{[citation needed]} outselling all others, it was in fact based on a German design. The Bantam was based on the DKW RT 125, a design that was received as war reparations, with the Bantam as a mirror image so the gearchange was on the right side as with other British motorcycles of the period.^[1] The same design went into production in at least two, and perhaps four, other countries. Harley-Davidson started producing their Model 125 in late 1947 (several months before BSA) and the occupiers of East Germany, the U.S.S.R. began building the Москва (Moskva) M1A model even earlier, c.1946.^{[citation needed]} In East Germany the machine was made at the original DKW factory by IFA, which later became MZ^{[citation needed]} and Japan also produced copies.^{[citation needed]}

The BSA designers made the design a mirror image with right hand side controls and Imperial fixings for manufacture in Birmingham. This original Bantam, the D1, was released in October 1948 and continued in production for several years. It had telescopic forks, a rigid rear end, direct electrics, shovel front-mudguard and fishtail silencer, was available only in "mist green" and sold for £60 plus tax. Although the frame changed out of recognition (beginning with conversion to plunger and then swinging fork rear suspension), the engine remained a recognizable development of the original for the entire 23 years of production.

Engine

The engine is a unit construction (engine and gearbox of one piece) single cylinder 2 stroke. The barrel is cast iron while the head is alloy. The gearbox was initially three speeds, later versions went to four, fed through a "wet" clutch. Ignition was of two types: a Lucas battery-powered coil in earlier machines, or a magneto by Wipac. The magneto was on a composite assembly sitting within the flywheel with its magnet inserts; windings gave power either directly to the lights (with a dry cell for when the engine was stopped) or through a rectifier into a lead acid battery. The early D1s had "fish tail" styled exhausts but this was replaced with the more conventional cylindrical silencer. High-level exhausts were made for the trials and off-road models, in which the only electrics are the magneto-powered ignition.

Models

This listing shows only the main variants and most models were available with refinements or in competition form. BSA had used a lettering system for their range of motorcycles and started the "D" series for their first two-stroke. The D175 was marketed as the B175 as BSA struggled against imports in the late 60s to its closure in 1972 (the larger capacity "B" series having helped make them the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world). The engine size shown is nominal, British motorcycles were made 1 or 3 cc smaller than their tax bracket maximum to allow for re-bores and wear.

Model Name	Years Produced	Engine	Top Speed	No. of Gears	Rear Suspension	Electrics	Colour scheme
D1	1948–1950 1950–1963	125 cc, 4 bhp (3 kW)	45 mph (72 km/h)	3	Rigid Rigid and plunger	Wico-Pacy or Lucas	Mist-green only (including wheel-rims)
BD1		125 cc, 4 bhp (3 kW)	45 mph (72 km/h)	3		Wico-Pacy or Lucas	Limited edition, Black Tank with Chrome strips, leg guards & chrome wheels.
D3	1954–1957	150 cc, 5.3 bhp (4.0 kW)	50 mph (80 km/h)	3	Plunger (Swinging arm after 1956)	Wico-Pacy	Grey, Black or Maroon
D5	1958	175 cc, 7.4 bhp (5.5 kW)	57 mph (92 km/h)	3	Swinging Arm	Wico-Pacy	Entire machine Maroon or Black with Ivory tank panels and chrome bars and wheels.
D7	1959–1966	175 cc, 7.4 bhp (5.5 kW)	57 mph (92 km/h)	3	Swinging Arm	Wipac	Various shades of red or blue with chrome highlights.
D10	1967	175 cc, 10 bhp (7 kW)	57 mph (92 km/h)	3	Swinging Arm	Wipac with coil ignition and 60 W alternator	Blue & Silver or Polychromatic Blue & Chrome
D10 Sports & Bushman	1967	175 cc, 10 bhp (7.5 kW)	57 mph (92 km/h)	4	Swinging Arm	Wipac with coil ignition and 60W alternator	Sports Flamboyant Red & Chrome, Bushman Orange & White
D14/4 Supreme D14/4 Sports & Bushman	1968 -1969	175 cc, 12.6 bhp (9.4 kW)	65 mph (105 km/h)	4	Swinging Arm	Wipac	Black or Polychromatic Blue with two tone tank, painted above, chrome plate below. Sports Flamboyant Red & Chrome, Bushman Orange & White
D175/B175 & Bushman	1969–1971	175 cc, 12.6 bhp (9.4 kW)	65 mph (105 km/h)	4	Swinging Arm	Wipac	Blue, Red or Black. Bushman Orange & White

Pre-1958 (D1 to D3) had 19 inch wheels and 4.5 inch brakes. The 1958 D5 had 18 inch wheels and 4.5 inch brakes. 1959 D7 and later models had 18 inch wheels and 5 inch brakes front and rear.

Developments and models

D1

The D1 (the original model) 125cc was available initially only with a rigid rear suspension, although within three years the range was enhanced to include an optional plunger rear suspension. The front suspension of all D1's possessed no damping and resulted in a bouncy ride quality. D1's were available with a variety of electrical lighting systems. Wipac systems were available either in 6v AC (known as direct lighting) or DC. The AC system used a small dry 'torch' cell battery to illuminate the forward facing 'pilot' bulb within the headlamp shell, the remaining lighting was only available for use when the engine was running and the dry cell had to be regularly replaced. The DC system incorporated a lead acid battery and operated in a conventional manner. For a short period some D1's were equipped with Lucas lighting systems and these operated in a similar manner to the Wipac DC system. The D1 continued to be available to the public right up until 1963 and was still produced for the GPO (General Post Office) for at least 2 more years.

D3 Major

The D3 Major represented the first step in development of the Bantam, although the D1 would be produced for many years to come.^[2] First produced in late (most likely October was the first released) 1953 with a 150cc engine, the D3 continued in production until 1957. A modern-style foam-filled pillion seat was fitted as standard, an economy and comfort breakthrough that had become popular as an option on the D1. It replaced the original standard fitting of a parcel carrier behind an individual sprung rubber seat.

In addition, the front suspension was made more substantial in volume and the cylinder was not simply bored out but was enlarged with distinctive larger thermal cooling fins. These larger cooling fins was also added to the post-1953 D1 models, albeit they maintained their smaller bore.

D5 Super

The D5 Super was a further development of the Swinging Arm D3 with a similar frame but with lengthened rear section which gave more upright mounts for the rear suspension. A more rounded style of tank was fitted. The engine was further increased to 175cc. The D5 model was only produced for the 1958 season.

D7 Super

The D7 Super was introduced for 1959, had a similar 175cc engine to the D5 but had an entirely new swinging arm frame and hydraulically damped forks which incorporated a nacelle mounted headlamp. The D7 continued in production until 1966 with at least 3 different styles of tank and alterations to the Wipac powered electrical system including a change to battery powered external coil ignition.

D10 Supreme

1966 saw the introduction of the D10, still 175cc and 3 speed gearbox but with increased power. The electrical system was further revised with a new type of Wipac alternator and rotor. The points were moved from the nearside to a separate housing in the primary drive cover on the offside, apart from this the bike's external appearance was very similar to the late D7 models. There were 2 variants added to the range both with 4 speed gearboxes, high level exhaust and forks with no nacelle but a separate headlamp. The first was the Sports model with Chrome mudguards, a fly-screen and a hump on the rear of the dual-seat. The second was the Bushman, mostly for export, which had 19 inch wheels and a modified frame for more ground clearance. D10 production ceased in 1967.

D14/4 Supreme

For the 1968 model year the D14/4 was introduced, similar to the D10 but with greater power again and the 4 speed gearbox fitted across the range. The Sports and Bushman models also gained heavier front forks.

D175/B175

The D175 (also known as B175) was a minor reworking of the D14/4 but the Sports model was no longer available. The spark plug sits vertical in the cylinder head, front forks are stronger (as they are from the larger capacity C15), slightly lower compression ratio at 9.5, separate headlight with high-beam warning, exposed rear shock springs, strengthened kickstart shaft, revised fixing on crankshaft compression disc plates. This final model was produced from 1969 to 1971 but remaining stocks were still being sold at least until 1973.

Bushman

The off-road Bushman version was available as an export model, for Africa and Australia in particular, but 300 were sold in the UK. All UK Bushman models carry the engine number prefix BB.

References

^ Holmes, Tim (1986). Collecting, Restoring and Riding Classic Motorcycles. Leicester, UK: P.R.C. ISBN 1856482529.
^ "BSA Bantam History Page". www.bantam.150m.com. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

External links

[1] Holmes, Tim (1986). Collecting, Restoring and Riding Classic Motorcycles. Leicester, UK: P.R.C. ISBN 1856482529.

[2] "BSA Bantam History Page". www.bantam.150m.com. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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