Bath County Pumped Storage Station
| Bath County Pumped Storage Station | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 38°12′32″N 79°48′00″W / 38.2089°N 79.8°W |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | March 1977 |
| Commission date | December 1985 |
| Construction cost | US$1.6 billion |
| Owners | Dominion Generation Allegheny Energy |
| Power generation | |
| Nameplate capacity |
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| Storage capacity |
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| External links | |
| Commons | Related media on Commons |
The Bath County Pumped Storage Station is a pumped storage hydroelectric power plant, which is described as the “largest battery in the world”,[2] with a generation capacity of 3,003 MW[3] The station is located in the northern corner of Bath County, Virginia, on the southeast side of the Eastern Continental Divide, which forms this section of the border between Virginia and West Virginia. The station consists of two reservoirs separated by about 1,260 feet (380 m) in elevation. It is the largest pumped-storage power station in the world.[3]
Construction on the power station, with an original capacity of 2,100 MW, began in March 1977 and was completed in December 1985 at a cost of $1.6 billion,[4] [5] Voith-Siemens upgraded the six turbines between 2004 and 2009, increasing power generation to 500.5 MW and pumping power to 480MW for each turbine.[1][6] Bath County Station is jointly owned by Dominion Generation (60%) and the Allegheny Power System (40%), and managed by Dominion.[3] It stores energy for PJM Interconnection, a regional transmission organization that serves 60 million people in 13 states and the District of Columbia.[2]
Design
The upper and lower reservoirs are created by earth and rock-filled embankment dams. The upper reservoir dam is 460 ft (140 m) high, 2,200 ft (671 m) long and has a structural volume of 18,000,000 cu yd (13,761,987 m3). The upper reservoir on Little Back Creek has a surface area of 265-acre (110 ha) and storage capacity of 35,599 acre⋅ft (43,910,720 m3). The lower reservoir dam on Back Creek is 135 ft (41 m) high and 2,400 ft (732 m) in length. It has a structural volume of 4,000,000 cu yd (3,058,219 m3) and creates a reservoir with a surface area of 555-acre (220 ha) and storage capacity of 27,927 acre⋅ft (34,447,447 m3).[3][1] Connecting the upper reservoir to the power station is three water conduits between 3,100–3,600 ft (945–1,097 m) long. The conduits each lead to a 990 ft (302 m) shaft which bifurcates into two penstocks (for a total of six) before reaching the turbines. Each penstock is 18 ft (5 m) in diameter and between 900–1,260 ft (274–384 m) in length. Maximum static pressure from the top of the water delivery system to the turbines is 1,320 ft (402 m).[7][1]
Method of operation
Water is released from the upper reservoir during periods of high demand and is used to generate electricity. What makes this different from other hydroelectric dams is that during times of low demand, power is taken from coal, nuclear, and other power plants and is used to pump water from the lower to the upper reservoir. Although this plant uses more power than it generates, it allows these other plants to operate at close to peak efficiency for an overall cost savings. Back Creek and Little Back Creek, the water sources used to create the reservoirs, have a relatively small flow rate. However, since water is pumped between the reservoirs equally, the only water taken from these creeks now that the reservoirs are full is to replace the water lost to evaporation. During operation, the water level fluctuates by over 105 feet (30 m) in the upper reservoir and 60 feet (20 m) feet in the lower reservoir.
When generating power, the water flow can be as much as 13.5 million US gallons (51,000 m3) per minute (850 m³/sec). When storing power, the flow can be as much as 12.7 million US gallons (48,000 m3) per minute (800 m³/sec).
Environment
A fishing habitat was created downstream of the facility.[8] In times of drought[9] water quality can be maintained[10] by using nearby recreational reservoirs to supply extra water to the creeks.[11] The creeks and recreational reservoirs have water quality sufficient for fish.[12][13]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Refurbishment Power Gen, 21 January 2004. Retrieved: 29 August 2010.
- ^ a b KORONOWSKI, RYAN. "The Inside Story Of The World’s Biggest ‘Battery’ And The Future Of Renewable Energy" August 27, 2013. Accessed: September 1, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Bath County Pumped Storage Station". Dominion Energy. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
- ^ "Bath County Pumped Storage", Civil Engineering—ASCE, Vol. 55, No. 7, July 1985, pg. 55
- ^ Updating SCADA Systems ModComp. Retrieved: 29 August 2010.
- ^ "Bath County, USA". Voith-Siemens. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
- ^ Wong, K.L. (16 September 1988). "Bath County Pumped Storage Project Tunnel System - Evaluation of Remedial Measures". Madrid, Spain: International Society for Rock Mechanics. IS-1988-051.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Singletary, William C., Jr.Stream Habitat Improvements Water Resources Research Forum page 9, 1988. Retrieved: 29 August 2010.
- ^ Bollinger, Mike. Water customers asked to conserve in drought Recorder Online, 21 August 2008. Retrieved: 29 August 2010.
- ^ Watershed quality United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2008. Retrieved: 29 August 2010.
- ^ FR Doc 02-9027 Federal Register, 9 April 2002. Retrieved: 29 August 2010.
- ^ Colbert, Judy. Virginia Off the Beaten Path, 10th 2008, page 174. ISBN 0-7627-4881-8, ISBN 978-0-7627-4881-5
- ^ Mark Fike. Bugas. Bream Fishing Virginia Game & Fish. Retrieved: 29 August 2010.