Bengali poetry: Difference between revisions
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{{Wikify|date=February 2008}} |
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{{Refimprove|date=August 2007}} |
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{{Copyedit|date=July 2008}} |
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{{Bengali literature}} |
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Like the [[Bengali language]], '''Bengali poetry''' traces its lineage to [[Pāli language|Pāli]] and other [[Prakrit]] socio-cultural traditions. An antagonism to [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] rituals and laws heightened to a culmination in the [[Buddhist]] and [[Jainist]] movements. However, modern Bengali owes as much to [[Sanskrit]]. Like the society that thrived to populate the modern [[Bengal]], Bengali language and culture appears to be a perfect amalgam of almost unanalysable elements. Bengali poetry is extraordinary and sweet. |
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== Early history== |
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The history of Bengali poetry is usually divided into three major successive stages of development: poetry of the early age, such as ''[[Charyapad]]''; the Medieval period; and the age of modern poetry. True modernity was introduced into Bengali poetry in 1930s. |
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===Earliest poems=== |
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Bengali poetry of the oldest period, probably beginning from the 10th century, is known for the mystic poems called ''[[Charyapad]]'' or ''Charyagiti''. These were discovered from Nepal's Royal library by Bengali scholar Mahamahopadhyay Haraprasad Shastri. |
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==== Epic in [[Vernacular]]==== |
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*[[Krittibas Ojha]] |
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*Kashiram Das |
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=== Medieval Period=== |
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====Bhakti Movement, Vaishnava Padabali, Shakta Padabali==== |
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The period between 1350 and 1800 was the Medieval period of Bengali poetry. It was known as the period of [[Jayadeva]] (12th century), the renowned poet from neighboring Orissa, [[Vidyapati]] (13th century) with his love lyrics, and Badu Chandidas, the author of Sri Krishna Kirtan, the most important philosophical work of the period. The period from 1500 A.D. to 1800 A.D. was known as the Late Middle Bengali period. During this period, there was a marked influence of Chaitanya, which led to the development of Vaishnava literature. [[Chandidas]](13th century) is one of the greatest poets of this time. Outside of Vaishnava poetry, the most significant work of the sixteenth century was Chandimangal, by Mukunda Chakravarti. Two of Bengal's best-known Muslim poets, Arrakan Daulat Kazi and Alaol, lived in the fifteenth century (1607-1680). |
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== Birth of modern poetry == |
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{{Expand|date=January 2008}} |
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[[Image:Tagore3.jpg|thumb|right|Nobel Laurate [[Rabindranath Tagore]] is the most famous Bengali poet of modern era]] |
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Bharat Chandra probably marks the transition period of pre-colonial [[theocentric]] [[poetry]] and modern poetry. After Bharat Chandra there is a long list of poets notable Iswar Gupta before [[Michael Madhusudan Dutta]] (1834-1873) who is the founder of modern age of Bengali literature {{Fact|date=July 2008}}. Another great poet of this period is Biharilal Chakravarti’s (1834-94). Then [[Rabindranath Tagore]](1861-1941), [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] (1899-1976), [[Jatindramohan Bagchi]] (1878-1948) and many others begin the age of modern bengali poetry. {{Fact|date=July 2008}} |
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==Modern Bengali poetry== |
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With Rabindranath founding a firm basis for Bengali poetry, the new poets of the early 1920s started a conscious movement for transcending the frontiers of traditional verses and establishing a realm of truly 'modern' poetry in Bengali. It was a successful movement that brought permanent change about the concept of structure of poetry, in addition to theme. One notable sect of modernists included pro-socialism poets like [[Sukanta Bhattacharya]] and [[Samar Sen]]. |
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===Pragati-Kallol-Kavita-Parichay : Age of Modern Poetry=== |
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The modern age begins with a group of writers who wrote for [[Kallol]], a modernist movement magazine ([[Little magazine movement]]), founded in 1923. The most popular among the group were [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] (1899 - 1976) and [[Mohitolal Majumdar|Mohitlal Majumder]] (1888-1952), [[Achintyakumar Sengupta]] (1903-1976), [[Satyendranath Dutta]] (1882-1922), [[Premendra Mitra]] (1904 - 1988) and others {{Fact|date=July 2008}}. Then Bengali poetry got into the brightest light of modernism in 1930s, through the movement of few other [[little magazines]], such as Buddhadeb Bosu's ''Kabita'' and Sudhindranath Datta's ''Parichay'' {{Fact|date=July 2008}}. |
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The great poets of those movements— [[Jibanananda Das]] (1899 - 1954), [[Buddhadev Bose]] (1908 - 1974), [[Sudhindranath Dutta]](1901 - 1960), [[Bishnu Dey]] (1909 - 1982), Amiya Chakravarty (1901 - 1986) and [[Samar Sen]](1916 - 1987) were the main characters who made a significant effort to reshape Bengali Poetry {{Fact|date=July 2008}}. |
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===Post World War II Poets=== |
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{{Expand|date=January 2008}} |
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[[Dinesh Das]] (1913 - 1985), [[Sukanta Bhattacharya]] (1926 - 1947), [[Arun Mitra]] (1909-2000), [[Nirendranath Chakravarty]], [[Subhas Mukhopadhyay]] (1919-2003), Abul Kasem Rahimuddin. |
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===Poets of Islamic ideals=== |
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Given the politics of [[British Raj|British India]] that saw partition of India on the basis of religion, some poets wrote poetry imbued with Islamic fervour. Some of these are [[Sayid Ismail Hossain Shiraji]], [[Golam Mostofa]] (1897-1964), [[Farrukh Ahmed]] (1918-1974), [[Talim Hossain]], and [[Abdul Kadir (poet)|Abdul Kadir]] (1906-1984). Of them, Farrukh Ahmed is most accomplished and in essence, he is a modernist. {{Fact|date=July 2008}}. |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of Indian poets#Bengali|List of Bengali poets]] |
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*[[List of national poetries]] |
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*[[Kavita poetry magazine|Kavita of Buddhadeva Bose]] |
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*[[Hungry generation]] |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.geocities.com/bengali_poems/ Bengali Poetry in English Translation] |
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* [http://members.aol.com/shabdaweb/ Poets of Bangladesh in English Translation] |
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{{Bengali culture}} |
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{{Poetry of different cultures and languages}} |
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[[Category:Poetry by nation or language]] |
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[[Category:Bengali culture]] |
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[[Category:Bengali poets]] |
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[[Category:Bengali poetry in English translation]] |
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