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In mathematics , the Besov space (named after Oleg Vladimirovich Besov )
B
p
,
q
s
(
R
)
{\displaystyle B_{p,q}^{s}(\mathbf {R} )}
is a complete quasinormed space which is a Banach space when 1 ≤ p , q ≤ ∞ . It, as well as the similarly defined Triebel–Lizorkin space , serve to generalize more elementary function spaces and are effective at measuring regularity properties of functions.
Definition
Several equivalent definitions exist. One of them is described below.
Let
Δ
h
f
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
−
h
)
−
f
(
x
)
{\displaystyle \Delta _{h}f(x)=f(x-h)-f(x)}
and define the modulus of continuity by
ω
p
2
(
f
,
t
)
=
sup
|
h
|
≤
t
‖
Δ
h
2
f
‖
p
{\displaystyle \omega _{p}^{2}(f,t)=\sup _{|h|\leq t}\left\|\Delta _{h}^{2}f\right\|_{p}}
Let n be a non-negative integer and define: s = n + α with 0 < α ≤ 1 . The Besov space
B
p
,
q
s
(
R
)
{\displaystyle B_{p,q}^{s}(\mathbf {R} )}
contains all functions f such that (see Sobolev space)
f
∈
W
n
,
p
(
R
)
,
∫
0
∞
|
ω
p
2
(
f
(
n
)
,
t
)
t
α
|
q
d
t
t
<
∞
.
{\displaystyle f\in W^{n,p}(\mathbf {R} ),\qquad \int _{0}^{\infty }\left|{\frac {\omega _{p}^{2}\left(f^{(n)},t\right)}{t^{\alpha }}}\right|^{q}{\frac {dt}{t}}<\infty .}
Norm
The Besov space
B
p
,
q
s
(
R
)
{\displaystyle B_{p,q}^{s}(\mathbf {R} )}
is equipped with the norm
‖
f
‖
B
p
,
q
s
(
R
)
=
(
‖
f
‖
W
n
,
p
(
R
)
q
+
∫
0
∞
|
ω
p
2
(
f
(
n
)
,
t
)
t
α
|
q
d
t
t
)
1
q
{\displaystyle \left\|f\right\|_{B_{p,q}^{s}(\mathbf {R} )}=\left(\|f\|_{W^{n,p}(\mathbf {R} )}^{q}+\int _{0}^{\infty }\left|{\frac {\omega _{p}^{2}\left(f^{(n)},t\right)}{t^{\alpha }}}\right|^{q}{\frac {dt}{t}}\right)^{\frac {1}{q}}}
The Besov spaces
B
2
,
2
s
(
R
)
{\displaystyle B_{2,2}^{s}(\mathbf {R} )}
coincide with the more classical Sobolev spaces
H
s
(
R
)
{\displaystyle H^{s}(\mathbf {R} )}
.
If
p
=
q
{\displaystyle p=q}
and
s
{\displaystyle s}
is not an integer, then
B
p
,
p
s
(
R
)
=
W
¯
s
,
p
(
R
)
{\displaystyle B_{p,p}^{s}(\mathbf {R} )={\bar {W}}^{s,p}(\mathbf {R} )}
, where
W
¯
s
,
p
(
R
)
{\displaystyle {\bar {W}}^{s,p}(\mathbf {R} )}
denotes the Sobolev–Slobodeckij space .
References
Triebel, H. "Theory of Function Spaces II".
Besov, O. V. "On a certain family of functional spaces. Embedding and extension theorems", Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 126 (1959), 1163–1165.
DeVore, R. and Lorentz, G. "Constructive Approximation", 1993.
DeVore, R., Kyriazis, G. and Wang, P. "Multiscale characterizations of Besov spaces on bounded domains", Journal of Approximation Theory 93, 273-292 (1998).