View source for Bhadanaka Kingdom

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Bhadanaka Kingdom
| common_name     = Bhadanakas
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| map_width       = 330px
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| capital         = Shripath
| languages       = Apabhramsa, Sanskrit
| languages_type  = Spoken languages
| religion        = Hinduism
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| coa_size        = 300px
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| today           = India
*[[Delhi]]
*[[Haryana]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Rajasthan]]
| image           = 
}}
The '''Bhadanaka Kingdom'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NeX0xX0_2rkC&q=bhadanakas |title=History of the Chāhamānas |date=1964 |publisher=N. Kishore |language=en}}</ref> was a medieval kingdom in [[India]] that included the [[Rewari district|Rewari]], [[Bhiwani district|Bhiwani]], [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]] regions of [[Haryana]] and parts of [[Alwar district|Alwar]] in [[Rajasthan]] during the 11th and 12th centuries.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajasthan (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DShuAAAAMAAJ&q=bhadanaka+kingdom |title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Alwar |date=1968 |publisher=Printed at Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bahadur |first=Krishna Prakash |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL18809571M/Caste_tribes_culture_of_India |title=Caste, tribes & culture of India: Assam |date=1977 |publisher=Ess Ess Publications |isbn=978-81-7000-008-2 |location=Delhi|ol=18809571M }}</ref> The kingdom of the Bhadanakas was probably bounded on the south-east by the Kachchhapaghat land and the [[Chambal River|Chambal]] river, on the north-east by the kingdom of [[Kannauj]] and the [[Yamuna]] river.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=bhadanakas |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa & Company |isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 |language=en}}</ref>

==History and origin==

===Origin===
Historian's including Dasharatha Sharma agree on an opinion that they were from [[Yaduvanshi Aheer|Ahir]] caste.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=st8NAAAAYAAJ&q=Bhadanaka |title=Proceedings of the All-India Oriental Conference |date=1976 |publisher=The Conference |language=en}}{{pn|date=January 2024}}</ref>

===Conflict with Chauhans===
In the second half of the 12th century, the Bhadanakas had a political struggle with the Chauhans of Shakumbhari. Chauhan was inspired by the spirit of Digvijaya and wanted to build an empire in North India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somānī |first=Rāmavallabha |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL3929430M/Prithviraj_Chauhan_and_his_times |title=Prithviraj Chauhan and his times |date=1981 |publisher=Publication Scheme |location=Jaipur|ol=3929430M }}</ref>{{Page needed|date=January 2024}}

The Chauhans attacked Bhadanakas at least twice. We get to know about the first attack on Bhadanaka from the 'Bijolia inscription' of Chauhan king Someshwar of 1169 AD. There was a fierce battle between the Chauhans and the Bhadanakas, but this war could not prove to be decisive, although the Chauhans have claimed their victory in the Bijolia inscription.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Dasharatha |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/609013163 |title=Early Chauhān dynasties : a study of Chauhān political history, Chauhān political institution, and life in the Chauhān dominions, from 800 to 1316 A.D. |date=2002 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=81-208-0492-9 |location=Delhi |oclc=609013163}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=January 2024}}

==Territory==
Scholar Siddhasain Suri has described the region of Bhadanaka country, situated between [[Kannauj]] and [[Harshapura|Harshapur]] (Haras in Shekhawati). He mentions Kamagga (Kaman, forty miles west of [[Mathura district|Mathura]]) and [[Sirohi district|Siroha]] (near [[Gwalior]]) as sacred Jain sites of Bhadanaka country. Apart from these, Tejpal, the author of Apabhramsa Manuscript "Sambhavnath Charit", has described the city of Sripath situated in Bhadanaka country.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Parmanand |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21165871 |title=Geography from ancient Indian coins & seals |date=1989 |publisher=Concept Pub. Co |isbn=81-7022-248-6 |location=New Delhi |oclc=21165871}}</ref> According to historian [[Dasharatha Sharma]], this city was the capital of this state. This town of Shripath (santipur) is identified with modern [[Bayana]]. According to 3 historians, Bhadanaka has been called Bhayanaya in the pre-medieval [[Apabhramsa language]], and the word Bayana has originated in the post-medieval period from the word Bhayanaya. In this way, the modern earnest money was the focal point of the country. The strong fort of [[Timangarh|Tahangarh]] (Timangarh) is situated 14 miles south of [[Bayana]], which was the defense cantonment of this state.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venkatesha |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43905073 |title=South Indian feudatory dynasties |date=2000 |publisher=Sharada Pub. House |isbn=81-85616-62-0 |location=New Delhi |oclc=43905073}}</ref>

===Language===
The [[Apabhraṃśa|Apabhramsha]] is also called the Suraseni Apabhramsha, because the geographical area of the Bhadanaka Kingdom and the ancient Surasena region was almost the same.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Nalinaksha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSrHhJRiH1kC&dq=apabhramsa+shauraseni&pg=PA299 |title=Early History of the Spread of Buddhism and the Buddhist Schools |date=2005 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-307-0092-2 |language=en}}</ref> The Suraseni [[Apabhraṃśa|Apabhramsa]] is the mother of modern [[Braj Bhasha|Brajbhasha]].

==See also==
*[[Ahir]]
*[[Apabhraṃśa]]

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |author-link=Dasharatha Sharma}}
* {{cite book |author=Iqtidar Alam Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGSKTttoa3IC&pg=PR17 |title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval India |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2008 |isbn=9780810864016}}
* {{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |oclc=11038728}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:12th-century disestablishments in India]]