Binagadi asphalt lake
The Binagadi asphalt lake (or Binagadi tar pits) are a cluster of tar pits located 1 km southeast from Binagadi settlement, near Hirda-Girrar hillock[1] in urban Baku, Azerbaijan. Asphaltum or tar has seeped up from the ground in this area for tens of thousands of years. The tar is often covered with dust, leaves, or water. Over many centuries, animals that were trapped in the tar were preserved as bones.
This ancient flora and fauna deposit is protected by the State as a monument of a nature of the special significance pursuant to the Decree of the Government of Azerbaijan Republic No. 167 of March 16, 1982.[2]
Geography of the area
The Binagady locality is on the crest of a hill 0.5 km southeast of the settlement of Binagady, and 7 km north of Baku. The coast at its closest is 10 km to the south and 25 km to the north.[3]
The bone-bearing area comprises approximately 1.5 hectares and is located on a hilltop near the Kyrrar hill. The area is 54–57 m above present sea level, and 48 m above the level of Lake Boyukshor. An ancient mud volcano (Kichik-Dag) lies north of the fossiliferous area; further to the north is the meridionally elongated, saline Lake Masazyr (Mirdalyabi) and to the northeast Lake Binagady. To the east is the saline depression Kariatakh-Shor, beyond which rises the Balakhany Plateau. Extending from the Binagady hill are oil-bearing Salinas and the saline Lake Beyuk-Shor, which stretches far to the southeast.[3]
Natural-Historical Museum
Collection of samples of Binagadi Quaternary fauna presented in the Baku Natural-Historical Museum includes 41 species of mammals, 110 species of birds, 2 reptiles, 1 amphibian and 107 insects. The museum also presents 22 vegetative remains.[1]
Binagadi fauna and flora deposit is richer by number of Quaternary animal relics than the Californian La Brea Tar Pits. The Binagadi deposit is important in studying the paleobiology of entire Caucasus, Middle East, and the European part of NIS countries.[2]
Discovery of the first
The locality was discovered in 1938 by a student, Mastan-Zade, who was studying the Apsheron bitumens. The first excavations were organized by Bogachev in 1938 (Azerbaidzhan branch of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.). The excavations continued until 1941 with the participation of Kasabova and Sultanov and were resumed in 1946 under the supervision of Burchak-Abramovich.[3]
While comparing the Quaternary fauna and flora of Binagadi deposit and the similar natural phenomena in the North America ("Rancho la Brea", California) some researchers come to conclusion that the first one (75 th. years) is more ancient than 40 th. years.[1]
References
- ^ a b c "Binagadi deposit of the Quaternary fauna". Geology Institute. Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ^ a b "Binegadi" 4th Period Fauna and Flora Deposit
- ^ a b c N. K. Vereshchagin. The mammals of the Caucasus: a History of the Evolution of the Fauna. — Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1967. — 816 pages
Sources
- Said Huseynov and John M. Harris. Azerbaijan's fossil cemetery: ice-age animals fell victim to an Asian version of California's La Brea Tar Pits // Natural History. — December 1, 2010. — P. 16-21.