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-{{Otheruses2|Bogeyman}}
-The  '''bogeyman''', '''boogyman''', '''bogyman''', '''boogey monster''', or '''boogeyman''', is a [[folkloric]] or legendary [[ghost]]like [[monster]] often believed in by [[children]]. The bogeyman has no specific appearance whatsoever, and can in fact vary drastically from household to household within the same community; in many cases he simply ''has'' no set appearance in the mind of a child, but is simply an amorphous embodiment of terror.  ''Bogeyman'' can be used metaphorically to denote a person or thing of which someone has an irrational [[fear]]. Parents often say that if their child is naughty, the bogeyman will get them, in an effort to make them behave. The bogeyman legend may originate from [[Scotland]], where such creatures are sometimes called bogles, [[boggart]]s, or bogies.<ref name="McNab">McNab, Chris([[Chris McNab]]). ''Ancient Legends/Folklore.'' New York : Scholastic, Inc., 2007. ([[ISBN]] 0-439-85479-2)</ref>
-Bogeyman tales vary by region. In some places the bogeyman is male; in others, female. In some Midwestern states of the [[United States of America|U.S.]] the bogeyman scratches at the window.  In other places he hides under the bed or in the closet and tickles children when they go to sleep at night. It is said that a [[wart]] can be transmitted to someone by the bogeyman.<ref name="McNab" /> Bogeymen may be said to target a specific mischief – for instance, a bogeyman that punishes children who suck their thumbs – or general misbehavior.
-In Ireland they were a type of [[faerie]] that lived in the bog and kidnapped children for a year and a day, so they might play with them.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}
-== Origin of the word ==
-The word ''bogey'' is most likely derived from the [[Middle English]] ''bogge/bugge''<ref>{{cite web|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bogey|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|accessdate=2007-12-13}}</ref> (also the origin of the word ''bug''). The words are linked to many similar words in other European languages, which may be cognates; bögge, böggel-mann (English "Bogeyman") ([[German language|German]]), Buse ([[Nynorsk]]), bòcan, [[púca]], pooka or pookha ([[Irish Gaelic]]), pwca, bwga or bwgan ([[Welsh language|Welsh]]), puki ([[Old Norse]]), pixie or piskie ([[Cornish language|Cornish]]), puck ([[English language|English]]), bogu ([[Slavic languages|Slavonic]])<ref name="Cooper">Cooper, Brian. '' Lexical reflections inspired by Slavonic *bogǔ: English bogey from a Slavonic root?'' Transactions of the Philological Society, Volume ghkg ug j,g103, Number 1, April 2005 , pp. 73-97(25)</ref>.
-== Other purported origins ==
-In [[Southeast Asia]] the term is commonly accepted to refer to [[Bugis]] <ref>{{cite web|title=In Indonesia|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/26/AR2007012600613.html|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=2007-10-17}}</ref> or [[Buginese|Buganese]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.on-the-edge.com/articles/raja_ampat.php|title=The Buginese of Sulawesi|accessdate=2007-10-17}}</ref> [[pirates]], ruthless seafarers of southern [[Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]]'s third largest island. These pirates often plagued early English or Dutch trading ships, namely those of the [[British East India Company]] or  [[Dutch East India Company]]. It is popularly believed that this resulted in the European sailors bringing their fear of the "bugi men" back to their home countries. However, etymologists disagree with this because words relating to bogeyman have been commonly used centuries before European colonisation of Southeast Asia and it is therefore unlikely that the Bugis would have been commonly known to westerners during that time.
-==Analogues in other cultures==
-Bogeyman-like beings are nearly universal; common to folklore in many disparate countries.
-*[[Azerbaijan]] - A boogeyman-like creature parents refer to make children behave is called ''khokhan'' ( "xoxan").
-*[[Brazil]] and [[Portugal]]- A similar creature with the same function (to scare misbehaving children) exists as the "Bag Man" (Portuguese: "''homem do saco''"). It is portrayed as an adult male, usually in the form of a bum, or a hobo, who carries a sack on his back (much like [[Santa Claus]] would), and collects mean disobedient children to sell. Parents may tell their kids that they will call the "Sack man" to collect them if they do not behave. A monster more akin to the Bogeyman is called "Bicho Papão" (Eating Beast).
-*[[Bulgaria]] - In Bulgaria children are sometimes told that a dark scary monster-like person called ''[[Torbalan]]'' (man-with-a-sack) will come and kidnap them with his large sack if they misbehave. In some villages people used to believe that a hairy, dark, ghost-like creature called a ''talasam'' (Tal-ah-SUHM) lived in the shadows of the barn or in the attic and came out at night to scare little children.
-*[[Czech Republic]] - ''Bubak'' or ''hastrman'' (Bugbear, scarecrow, respectively) is the Czech boogeyman; he is like Torbalan in being a man with a sack who takes children.  He also, however, takes adults, and is known for hiding by riverbanks and making a sound like a lost baby, in order to lure the unwary.  He weaves on nights of the full moon, making clothes for his stolen souls, and has a cart drawn by cats.
-*[[Denmark]] - The equivalent of the Bogeyman in Danish is ''bussemand''. It hides under the bed and grabs children who will not sleep. Like the English, it is also a slang term for nasal mucus.
-*[[Finland]] - The equivalent of the Bogeyman in Finland is ''mörkö''. The most famous usage of the word these days takes place in [[Moomin]]-stories (originally written in Swedish) in which mörkö ([[the Groke]]) is a frightening, dark blue, big, ghost-looking creature.
-*[[France]] - The French equivalent of the Bogeyman is ''le croque-mitaine'' ("the [[mitten]]-biter").
-*[[Germany]] - in Germany the Bogeyman is known as ''Der schwarze Mann'' (the black man) or the ''Butzemann''. "Schwarz" does not refer to the color of skin but to his preference for hiding in dark places, like the closet, under the bed of children or in forests at night. There is also an active game for little children which is called ''Wer hat Angst vorm schwarzen Mann?'' (Who is afraid of the black man?).
-*[[Greece]] - in Greece the equivalent of the Bogeyman is known as ''Baboulas'' (Μπαμπούλας). Most of the times he is said to be hiding under the bed, although it is used by the parents in a variety of ways.
-*[[Haiti]] - in Haiti, the Boogeyman is a giant, and a counterpart of [[Father Christmas]], renowned for abducting bad children by putting them in his knapsack. His name in the [[Haitian creole]] language is [[Tonton Macoute]].
-*[[Hungary]] - "Rézfaszú bagoly" the word literally means "copper penis owl", the expression is often used to frighten kids when they do something wrong or just to have them fear something, usually the expression is used in the following context "the copper penis owl will take you away".
-*[[India]] - In India, the entity is known by different names.
-**[[North India]] - Children are sometimes threatened with the ''Bori Baba'', who carries a sack (''bori'') in which he places children he captures. A similar character is the ''Chownki Daar'', a night shift security guard who takes children who refuse to go to sleep.
-**[[South India]] - In the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], children are often mock threatened with the ''Rettai Kannan'' (the two-eyed one) or ''Poochaandi''. In the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], the equivalent of bogeyman is ''Buchadu''.
-*[[Iran]] - In [[Persian people|Persian]] culture, children who misbehave might be told by their parents to be afraid of ''lulu'' (لولو) who eats up the naughty children. Lulu is usually called ''lulu-khorkhore'' (bogeyman who eats everything up). The threat is generally used to make small children eat their meals.
-*[[Italy]] - The Italian equivalent of the Bogeyman is ''l'uomo nero'' ("the black man"), portrayed as a tall man wearing a heavy black coat, with a black hood or hat which hides his face. Sometimes, parents will knock loudly under the table, pretending that someone is knocking at the door, and saying: "Here comes ''l'uomo nero''! He must know that there's a child here who doesn't want to drink his soup!" ''L'uomo nero'' is not supposed to eat or harm children, just take them away to a mysterious and frightening place. A popular lullaby says that he would keep a child with him "for a whole month". As the color black is associated with fascism in Italy, in adult language ''l'uomo nero'' is often used in political puns. Since the 1980s, "''nero''" has also replaced "''negro''" as a term for black-skinned people, so the expression "''uomo nero''" is also sometimes heard in racist puns. Another Italian equivalent of the Bogeyman is the Carthaginian general and statesman, [[Hannibal Barca]]. Hannibal was regarded as the greatest enemy Rome ever faced and thus became an important part of Roman culture. The threat he posed to Rome was so great that he became associated with fear and parents used him and still use him today as an instrument to reprimand or correct a misbehaving child, usually in the form "Behave well or Hannibal will come and get you".
-*[[Japan]] - ''[[Namahage]]'' are demons that warn children not to be lazy or cry, during the Namahage Sedo Matsuri, or "Demon Mask Festival", when villagers don demon masks and pretend to be these spirits.
-*[[Mexico]] - ''El Cucuy''. "Social sciences professor Manuel Medrano said popular legend describes cucuy as a small humanoid with glowing red eyes that hides in closets or under the bed. 'Some lore has him as a kid who was the victim of violence ... and now he’s alive, but he’s not,' Medrano said, citing Xavier Garza’s 2004 book ''Creepy Creatures and other Cucuys''."<ref>[http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/ts_comments.php?id=P67839_0_10_0_C El cucuy has roots deep in border folklore]</ref>
-*[[Norway]] - ''Busemannen''
-*[[Netherlands]] - ''Boeman''
-*[[Philippines]] - ''Pugot'', ''Mamu'' (only in most [[Ilocano]] regions)
-*[[Poland]] - in some regions, like [[Silesia]] or [[Great Poland]], children are mock threatened with ''bebok'' (''babok'', ''bobok''), a bogeyman-like creature from old Polish legends.
-*[[Quebec]] - in this French-speaking province, the ''Bonhomme Sept-Heures'' (7 o'clock man) is said to visit houses around 7 o'clock to take misbehaving children who will not go to bed back to his cave where he feasts on them.
-*[[Romania]] - in Romania the equivalent of the Bogeyman is known as ''bau-bau'' (pronuonced "bow-bow"). ''Bau-bau'' stories are used by parents to scare children who misbehave.
-*[[Russia]] - usually said to be hiding under the bed, ''babay'' ("бабай") is used to keep children in bed or stop them from misbehaving. 'Babay' means 'old man' in Tatar. Children are told that "babay" is an old man with a bag or a monster, and that it will take them away if they misbehave.
-*[[Spain]] - The Spanish Bogeyman is known as ''[[El Cuco]]'', or, more often in Spain, ''El Coco'' (also named in some parts of Spain as ''El Ogro''), a shapeless figure, sometimes a hairy monster, that eats children that misbehave when they are told to go to bed. Parents will sing lullabies or tell rhymes to the children warning them that if they don't sleep, ''El Coco'' will come and get them. The rhyme originated in the [[17th century]] has evolved over the years, but still retaining its original meaning. The term is also used in Spanish-speaking [[Latin America]]n countries. The aforementioned Brazilian "Bag Man" also exists here in the form of the ''Hombre del Saco'' or ''Hombre de la bolsa'', who is usually depicted as a mean and impossibly ugly and skinny old man who eats the misbehaving children he collects.
-*[[Sweden]] - in Sweden the Bogeyman is referred to either as ''Monstret under sängen'' which essentially means "the monster under the bed", or ''Svarta mannen''; "the Black man".
-*[[Slovenia]] The Slovenian Bogeyman is called Bavbav. It doesn't have a particular shape or form. Many times it isn't even defined as a man or anything human. It can be thought of as a kind of sprite or spirit although the word "spirit" also doesn't give it justice.
-*[[Switzerland]] - in Switzerland the Bogeyman is called ''[[Böögg]]'' and has an important role in the springtime ceremonies. The figure is the symbol of winter and death, so in [[Sechseläuten]] ceremony in the City of [[Zürich]], where a figure of the [[Böögg]] is burnt.
-*[[Turkey]] - in Turkey there is an old lullaby about a creature called ''Dunganga'', who puts misbehaving children in its basket and takes them back to its cave to be eaten.
-*[[Ukraine]] - eastern part of Ukraine has ''babay'', possibly due to Russian influence (see entry for Russia above).
-*[[Vietnam]] - ''ông ba bị'' (in the North - literally mister-three-bags) or ''ông kẹ'' (in the South) is used to make small children eat their meals or to scare children who misbehave, usually in a mock-threatening way.
-== In popular culture ==
-Popular portrayals of bogeymen include [[Raymond Briggs]]' ''[[Fungus the Bogeyman]]''. ''[[Babes in Toyland (1934 film)]]'' based on [[Victor Herbert]]'s [[1903]] [[operetta]] ''[[Babes in Toyland (operetta)|Babes in Toyland]]'', portrays criminals exiled to [[Bogeyland]]. The Bogeymen are described as "horrible creatures; with hair all over their body and great big teeth where they eat you alive".
-Classic rock band [[AC/DC]] recorded a song entitled "Boogie Man" for their 1995 album ''[[Ballbreaker]]''.
-Canadian Thrash band Annihilator debuted with an album titled Alice in Hell, the opening track is about the story of a girl driven insane through fear of "the bogey man".
-''[[The Boogeyman]]'' is a short story by [[Stephen King]], in which a man attempts to get himself committed to an asylum after his family is murdered by the Boogeyman.
-"The Bogeyman" was a recurring villain in the successful 1980s children's cartoon series ''[[The Real Ghostbusters]]''.
-In 1999 Disney's TV Movie [[Don't Look Under the Bed]], the main character, Frances Bacon, is framed for a series of practical jokes by the Bogeyman.  She gets help from an imaginary friend named Larry.
-In ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'', the bogeyman is called [[Oogie Boogie]], an animated sack of bugs who enjoys gambling.
-In Terry Pratchett's [[Discworld]], bogeymen are depicted as tall, rangy, hairy beings who are vaguely apish. They hide under beds, behind doors, and in closets, for no reason anyone can understand. The first bogeyman says, that they protect the children from evil things.  Bad ones can easily be defeated by putting a blanket over their head.
-A renowned reference of the Bogeyman in popular fiction is shown in the 1978 Horror hit [[Halloween (film)|Halloween]].  At the end of the movie, when the famous antagonist psychopath [[Michael Myers (Halloween)|Michael Myers]] is pushed off a balcony, one of the characters states: "What was that?  The Boogeyman!?" in which her companion replies "As a matter of fact...  That was"
-The film ''[[Monsters Inc.]]'' portrays bogeymen as workers for their local power-utility company, who harvest children's screams as a source of power.
-In [[The Simpsons]] episode [[$pringfield]], when Lisa wakes from a bad dream of the boogeyman, a gun-toting Homer hides himself and the children behind a mattress in terror, shooting from his cover at anything he thinks might be the boogeyman (or boogeymen!). Also the boogeyman is a minor character in [[The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy]]. The Boogieman makes an appearance in [[The Powerpuff Girls]] as the disco dancing ruler of darkness, who temporarily managed to blot out the sun with an enormous [[disco ball]].
-[[World_Wrestling_Entertainment|WWE]] wrestler [[Marty_Wright|Marty Wright]] uses a Boogeyman [[Gimmick_%28professional_wrestling%29#G|gimmick]].
-Detroit rap duo Insane Clown Posse recorded a song called "Boogie Woogie Wu", but was about a man that sneaks into children's bedrooms at night and kills them.
-== References ==
-{{reflist}}
-== External links ==
-* [http://geology.about.com/library/weekly/aa030903a.htm The Bogeyman of Earthquake Prediction] (an example of the metaphorical use of "bogeyman")
-* [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bogey Online Etymology Dictionary] - entry for "bogey".
-* [http://www.word-detective.com/030201.html#bogeyman The Word Detective].
-[[Category:American folklore legendary creatures]]
-[[Category:English legendary creatures]]
-[[Category:Nonexistent people]]
-[[Category:Fictional monsters]]
-[[de:Butzemann]]
-[[es:Bogeyman]]
-[[eo:Infanvorulo]]
-[[fa:لولوخورخوره]]
-[[fi:Mörkö]]
-[[fr:croque-mitaine]]
-[[fr:Bonhomme sept-heures]]
-[[it:Boogeyman]]
-[[ja:ブーギマン]]
-[[nl:Boeman]]
-[[nn:buse]]
-[[pl:Bebok]]
-[[pt:Papão]]
-[[ru:Бабай]]
-[[yi:באגי מען]]