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Book of Cerne

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In the Book of Cerne, this portrait of the Evangelist Mark appears in a roundel above his symbol, the Lion.

The Book of Cerne (Cambridge University Library, MS Ll. 1. 10) is a ninth century Anglo-Saxon prayer book. It was apparently made between 820 and 840 for Bishop Æthelwold of Lichfield (818-30). It is the only surviving illuminated manuscript that can be firmly attributed to the kingdom of Mercia. The book contains a collection of personal prayers and private devotions, including the Passion narrative from each of the four Gospels. The collection shows Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, Carolingian, Roman, and Byzantine influences.

The Book contains the Harrowing of Hell drama, possibly the earliest surviving Christian drama intended to be acted.

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