Boston Cooking School
The Boston Cooking School was founded in 1879 by the Women’s Education Association of Boston[note 1] "to offer instruction in cooking to those who wished to earn their livelihood as cooks, or who would make practical use of such information in their families."[1] The school became famous following the 1896 publication of The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book by its principal at the time, Fannie Merritt Farmer.
History
[edit]The idea for the school was first proposed by Association member Mrs. Sarah E. Hooper, who had observed the teaching of cookery at London's National School of Cookery, while passing through that city on her return from an extended trip to Australia.[note 2] She persuaded the Association to authorize $100 to launch a similar school in Boston; The Boston Cooking School opened on March 10, 1879, at 158½ Tremont Street.[1]
The first teacher was Miss Joanna Sweeney (about whom little is now known), who was engaged to teach the "normal classes" in basic cooking. Tuition was purposefully kept low: $1.50 for six lessons.[1] To cater to upper-class women (and their cooks), Maria Parloa[note 3] was engaged to give lecture / demonstrations of more advanced cookery on alternate Saturdays.[1] Mary Johnson Bailey Lincoln (Mrs. David A.) was invited to teach at the school in November, 1879; she later became the school's first principal.[1]
Following its successful start, the school was incorporated in 1883 as the Boston Cooking School Corporation; its first president was Mrs. Hooper.[1]
In 1884, Roberts Brothers of Boston published Mrs. Lincoln's Boston Cook Book: What to Do and What Not to Do in Cooking.[2] According to Lincoln, "This was done primarily to meet the need of a textbook for our pupils and save the copying of recipes."[1]
During Mary Lincoln's tenure, the Boston Cooking School instituted a number of special programs. In 1880, the School joined forces with the Industrial Aid Society to offer free cooking classes in Boston's primarily-immigrant North End. Special courses on nutrition were organized for students at the Harvard Medical School; classes on "sick-room cookery" were offered to nurses from several hospitals in Boston, as well as Concord, NH.[3]
Special lectures were given from time to time on topics ranging from anatomy and digestion by noted Boston physicians, to marketing "by those experienced in that work."[1] Most noteworthy were lectures on the subject of food chemistry by Ellen H. Richards,[1] the first woman to earn a degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the first woman in America to earn a degree in chemistry. Richards later became a leader in the founding of the Home Economics movement in the United States.
Mrs. Lincoln served as principal until January, 1885, when a death in her family necessitated her resignation.[1] Subsequent principals included Miss Ida Maynard, and Mrs. Carrie M. Dearborn, both graduates of the school.[3]
In 1889, Miss Fannie Merritt Farmer was invited to remain after her own graduation to serve as assistant principal to Mrs. Dearborn; she became principal following Mrs. Dearborn's death in 1891. Five years later, the first edition of Farmer's Boston Cooking-School Cook Book was published by Little, Brown & Co. of Boston. The book quickly became an American classic, and is still in print today.[4]
Fannie Farmer left the Boston Cooking School in 1902, and subsequently opened Miss Farmer's School of Cookery, located in Huntington Chambers, 30 Huntington Avenue, Boston.[note 4]
In 1902, the Boston Cooking School became part of Boston's Simmons College.[1]
After Fannie Farmer's death in 1915 at the age of 57, her own school continued under the directorship of Alice Bradley until the mid-1940s.[5]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Not to be confused with the Women's Educational and Industrial Union.
- ^ The National School of Cookery, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London had been founded in 1873 as The Popular School of Cookery.
- ^ Maria Parloa had founded her own private "Miss Parloa's School of Cooking" at 174 Tremont Street in the fall of 1877. Parloa closed her Boston school in the spring of 1882, and opened a similar school in New York City the following November. Parloa was not the founder of the Boston Cooking School, as is sometimes asserted.
- ^ A detailed "Announcement of Courses" at Miss Farmer's School may be found in editions of The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book after this date. For example: (Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1917), p 607-616.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lincoln, Mary J. "Pioneers of Scientific Cookery, The." Good Housekeeping, Vol.51, no.4, (October, 1910), p.470-473.
- ^ Modern reprint: Boston Cooking School Cook Book: A Reprint of the 1884 Classic. With a new Introduction by Janice Bluestein Longone. (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, Inc., 1996.)
- ^ a b n.a., “The Boston Cooking School,” in The New England Kitchen, Vol.I, no.1, (April, 1894), p.3-5.
- ^ The 1896 first edition has been reprinted in facsimile by several different publishers. See Boston Cooking-School Cook Book for a complete history of the work's subsequent 13 editions.
- ^ Fannie Farmer Opens Cooking School at This Day in History
See also
[edit]- Anna Barrows, early 20th century cooking lecturer, an alumna
External links
[edit]- Fannie Merritt Farmer at Feeding America: The Historic American Cookbook Project
- Mary Johnson Bailey Lincoln (Mrs. D.A.) at Feeding America: The Historic American Cookbook Project