Bottle crate
A bottle crate or beverage crate is a container used for transport of beverage containers. In the present day they are usually made of plastic, but before the widespread use of plastic they tended to be made of wood or metal.
Beverage crates began to be made of HDPE in the 1950s.[1]
Such crates can be long-lived. In the 1980s in Sweden, a take-back campaign was organized, when 25-bottle crates were replaced by the more ergonomic 20-bottle crates. Some of the crates returned for recycling had been in use since the 1960s.[1]
Because manufacturers avoid lead-based and cadmium-based pigmentations, in response to legislation and public opinion, they have had to resort to other methods of colouring HDPE crates. In Japan, since the early 1970s, HDPE bottle crates have been pigmented with a variety of perylene, quinacridone, azo condensation, and Isoindoline pigments. Japanese manufacturers have modified these in order to control nucleating behaviour, and have improved weathering performance and impact-resistance properties by making the light-stabilisization systems more efficient.[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b Kerstin Gustafsson, Gunilla Jonson, Leigh Sparks, and David Smith (2006). Retailing Logistics & Fresh Food Packaging. Kogan Page Publishers. pp. 79–80. ISBN 9780749446451.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Roger C. Sykes. "Problems and Progress in Colouration Without Cadmium and Lead-Basd Pigments". Addcon '96: Worldwide Additives and Polymer Modifiers Conference, May 21–22 1996, Brussels. Rapra Technology Limited. p. 20. ISBN 1859570720.
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Further reading
- J. L. Spoormaker and I.D. Skrypnyk (2000). "Prediction of the buckling of thermoplastic structural elements". In A. H. Cardon, H. Fukuda, G. Verchery, and K. L. Reifsnider (ed.). Recent Developments in Durability Analysis of Composite Systems: : Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Durability Analysis of Composite Systems, Duracosys 99, Brussels, Belgium, 11–14 July 1999. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9789058091031.
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