Tetraphenylmethane

Tetraphenylmethane
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 1,1′,1′′,1′′′-Methanetetrayltetrabenzene
Identifiers
CAS Number	630-76-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	11917 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.010.132
EC Number	211-144-0;
PubChem CID	12424;
UNII	CM2Q9C446P ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30212215 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C25H20/c1-5-13-21(14-6-1)25(22-15-7-2-8-16-22,23-17-9-3-10-18-23)24-19-11-4-12-20-24/h1-20H Key: PEQHIRFAKIASBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C25H20/c1-5-13-21(14-6-1)25(22-15-7-2-8-16-22,23-17-9-3-10-18-23)24-19-11-4-12-20-24/h1-20H Key: PEQHIRFAKIASBK-UHFFFAOYAS;
	SMILES c1ccccc1C(c2ccccc2)(c3ccccc3)c4ccccc4;
Properties
Chemical formula	C25H20
Molar mass	320.44 g/mol
Melting point	282 °C (540 °F; 555 K)
Boiling point	431 °C
Structure
Crystal structure	tetragonal
Space group	P421c, No. 114
Point group	S4
Lattice constant	a = 10.896 Å, c = 7.280 Å (20 °C)
Formula units (Z)	2
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H350
Precautionary statements	P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Tetraphenylmethane is an organic compound consisting of a methane core with four phenyl substituents. It was first synthesized by Moses Gomberg in 1898.

Synthesis

Gomberg's classical organic synthesis shown below starts by reacting triphenylmethyl bromide 1 with phenylhydrazine 2 to the hydrazine 3. Oxidation with nitrous acid then produces the azo compound 4 from which on heating above the melting point, nitrogen gas evolves with formation of tetraphenylmethane 5.^[2]

Gomberg was able to distinguish this compound from triphenylmethane (elemental analysis was not an option given the small differences in the hydrogen fractions of 6.29% and 6.60%) by nitration of 5 with nitric acid to 6. A strong base would be able to abstract the methine proton of the nitrated triphenylmethyl compound if present, forming a strongly colored compound.

He obtained further evidence for the formation of tetraphenylmethane by reducing the nitro groups to amino groups with zinc dust in acetic acid to the leuco dye 7, which on exposure to hydrochloric acid eliminates aniline to the known compound pararosaniline 8.

Gomberg's success in synthesizing tetraphenylmethane set him on the attempt to prepare the next homologue hexaphenylethane, which led him to the discovery of the triphenylmethyl radical.

References

^ Robbins, A.; Jeffrey, G. A.; Chesick, J. P.; Donohue, J.; Cotton, F. A.; Frenz, B. A.; Murillo, C. A. (1975-10-01). "A refinement of the crystal structure of tetraphenylmethane: three independent redeterminations". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 31 (10): 2395–2399. Bibcode:1975AcCrB..31.2395R. doi:10.1107/S0567740875007686. ISSN 0567-7408.
^ Gomberg, M. (1898). "On tetraphenylmethane". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 20 (10): 773–780. doi:10.1021/ja02072a009.

[1] Robbins, A.; Jeffrey, G. A.; Chesick, J. P.; Donohue, J.; Cotton, F. A.; Frenz, B. A.; Murillo, C. A. (1975-10-01). "A refinement of the crystal structure of tetraphenylmethane: three independent redeterminations". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 31 (10): 2395–2399. Bibcode:1975AcCrB..31.2395R. doi:10.1107/S0567740875007686. ISSN 0567-7408.

[2] Gomberg, M. (1898). "On tetraphenylmethane". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 20 (10): 773–780. doi:10.1021/ja02072a009.

[1]

[2]

Synthesis

See also

References