Communesin B
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| Preferred IUPAC name
(2E,4E)-1-{(3aR,8aR,13bR,16aS,17S)-17-[(2R)-3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl]-9-methyl-2,3,8a,9,14,15-hexahydro-8H-13,16-methanobenzo[c]indolo[3,2-j]pyrrolo[3,2-e][2,6]naphthyridin-1(16aH)-yl}hexa-2,4-dien-1-one | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C32H36N4O2 | |
| Molar mass | 508.666 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Communesin B is a cytotoxic chemical compound isolated from Penicillium strains found on the marine alga Ulva intestinalis.[1][2] It exhibits cytotoxicity in vitro against human lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, cervical adenocarcinoma, and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines.[3]
Biosynthesis
[edit]Communesin B is a dimeric indole alkaloid with a hexadienoyl moiety originating from polyketide synthesis.[4] Biosynthesis starts with two L-tryptophan molecules processed by different pathways. The first pathway involves a decarboxylation step catalyzed by CnsB to produce tryptamine. The second pathway starts the synthesis of 4-L-dimethylallyl tryptophan by CnsF followed by further processing of CnsA and CnsD to form aurantioclavine.[4] These two indole-containing fragments are combined through a radical oxidative coupling by CnsC, a cytochrome P450 enzyme, to form the core scaffold of communesin alkaloids.[5] CnsE transfers a methyl group to the indole nitrogen, and CnsJ creates an epoxide ring on the dimethylallyl substituent off the ring structure to form communesin I.[6] Separately, CnsI synthesizes a hexadienoyl group using acetyl-CoA as a starting material and extending it with two malonyl-CoA units.[6] Then, CnsK performs N-acylation with the CnsI-synthesized hexadienoyl chain to form communesin B.[6]
![Biosynthesis of communesin B. Reproduction of Figure 18 from Wei X, Wang W, Matsuda Y (2002). [4]](/wiki/File:Communesin_B_Biosynthesis_Edited.png)
References
[edit]- ^ Crawley SL, Funk RL (September 2003). "A synthetic approach to nomofungin/communesin B". Organic Letters. 5 (18): 3169–3171. doi:10.1021/ol034407v. PMID 12943379.
- ^ Nicoletti R, Trincone A (February 2016). "Bioactive Compounds Produced by Strains of Penicillium and Talaromyces of Marine Origin". Marine Drugs. 14 (2): 37. doi:10.3390/md14020037. PMC 4771990. PMID 26901206.
- ^ Pompeo, Matthew M.; Cheah, Jaime H.; Movassaghi, Mohammad (2019-09-11). "Total Synthesis and Anti-Cancer Activity of All Known Communesin Alkaloids and Related Derivatives". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 141 (36): 14411–14420. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b07397. ISSN 0002-7863. PMC 6743222. PMID 31422662.
- ^ a b c Wei X, Wang WG, Matsuda Y (March 2022). "Branching and converging pathways in fungal natural product biosynthesis". Fungal Biology and Biotechnology. 9 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/s40694-022-00135-w. PMC 8902786. PMID 35255990.
- ^ Pompeo MM, Cheah JH, Movassaghi M (September 2019). "Total Synthesis and Anti-Cancer Activity of All Known Communesin Alkaloids and Related Derivatives". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 141 (36): 14411–14420. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b07397. PMC 6743222. PMID 31422662.
- ^ a b c Lin HC, Chiou G, Chooi YH, McMahon TC, Xu W, Garg NK, Tang Y (March 2015). "Elucidation of the concise biosynthetic pathway of the communesin indole alkaloids". Angewandte Chemie. 54 (10): 3004–3007. doi:10.1002/anie.201411297. PMC 4409825. PMID 25571861.