Calumet Bluff
| Calumet Bluff | |
|---|---|
 Calumet Bluff, viewed from the Gavins Point Dam | |
  Location of Calumet Bluff in Nebraska | |
| Country | United States |
| Location | Cedar County, Nebraska, near Yankton, South Dakota |
Calumet Bluff is a hill about 180 feet high overlooking the Missouri River in Cedar County, Nebraska where the Lewis and Clark Expedition held its first council with the Sioux Indians for two days in 1804. Today the Bluff forms the right or south abutment of the Gavins Point Dam.[1] The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers maintains the Lewis and Clark Visitor Center on Calumet Bluff next to the dam.[2][3]
History
The Lewis and Clark Expedition's Corps of Discovery camped below Calumet Bluff during the period of August 28 to September 1, 1804. In his diary, Clark noted the bluff was "Called White Bear Clift, one of those animals haveing been killed in a whole in it[sic]."[4] The bluff is often called "White Bear Cliff" in historical records, but is now more commonly called Calumet Bluffs. A "Calumet" refers to a peace pipe, It does not mean a Golden Eagle.[5] To this day, the bluff matches Lewis and Clark's description of it as "composed of a yellowish red, and brownish clay as hard as chalk."
It was at Calumet Bluff that the Corps had their first encounter with the Yankton-Sioux Tribe on August 30, 1804, meeting with them for two days. Folklore claims that a male child was born into the Yankton tribe while Lewis and Clark were meeting with them on Calumet Bluff. When he heard this, Capt. Lewis had the child brought forward and wrapped him in an American flag. Lewis predicted that the boy would become a leader of his tribe and a friend of the white men. The child grew up to be the famous Yankton Chief Padaniapapi, or "Struck By The Ree."[6]
Lewis and Clark Visitor Center
The Lewis and Clark Visitor Center at Calumet Bluff is located just downstream from the Gavins Point Powerplant in Crofton, Nebraska. It overlooks the Missouri River, the Gavins Point Dam, and the Lewis and Clark Lake to the West. Exhibits and theater programs cover the history of the Expedition and the geology, exploration, settlement and natural history of the Missouri River region. Outside the Center, the Dorian Prairie Garden depicts common prairie plants and explains their uses by Native Americans. There is also bookstore in the Center.[7]
Gallery
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From the east, the Bluff appears behind the Gavins Point Dam, for which it forms the right or south abutment. -
Calumet Bluff can be seen beside the Gavins Point Dam and Power Plant. The Missouri River spills through the dam below the bluff.
References
- ^ "Gavins Point Dam—Lewis & Clark Lake". National Park Service.
- ^ "Lewis and Clark Visitor Center". VisitNebraska.com. Nebraska Tourism Commission.
- ^ "Gavins Point Dam & Lewis & Clark Lake". U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
- ^ "The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, September 1, 1804". University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
- ^ Lewis and Clark Journal, August 21, 1805 from Thomas O'Neill and I have been telling the Park Service this for about 15 years!
- ^ "Calumet Bluff". Missouri River Institute, University of South Dakota;.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Gavins Point Dam & Lewis & Clark Lake". U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Further Information
- "Calumet Bluff, Nebraska," National Park Service, Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings.
- Photographs of Gavins Point Dam—Lewis & Clark Lake, National Park Service
- Gavins Point Dam & Lewis & Clark Lake, Army Corps of Engineers
- Lewis and Clark Visitor Center at Calumet Bluff - Lewis and Clark Trail