Canon de 274 modèle 1887/1893

Canon de 274 modèle 1887/1893
Canon de 274 modèle 1887/1893
	A side view of the French battleship Jauréguiberry showing the single gun turrets amidships.
Type	Naval gun; Coastal artillery; Railway artillery
Place of origin	France
Service history
In service	1894-1945
Used by	France; Nazi Germany
Wars	World War I; World War II
Production history
Designed	1887
Produced	1894
Specifications
Mass	35.4–37.6 t (34.8–37.0 long tons; 39.0–41.4 short tons)
Barrel length	12.3 m (40 ft 4 in) L/45
Shell	Separate loading bagged charge and projectile
Shell weight	216–255 kg (476–562 lb)
Caliber	274 mm (10.8 in)
Breech	Interrupted screw
Elevation	-10° to +25°
Traverse	-160° to +160°
Rate of fire	3 rpm
Muzzle velocity	780–815 m/s (2,560–2,670 ft/s)
Maximum firing range	24–27 km (15–17 mi) at +25°

The Canon de 274 modèle 1887/1893 were a family of French naval guns developed in the years before World War I that armed a variety of warships of the French Navy. Guns salvaged from scrapped ships found a second life as coastal artillery and railway artillery during World War I and World War II.

Design

The mle 1887/1893 guns were typical built-up guns of the period with several layers of steel reinforcing hoops. The guns used an interrupted screw breech and fired separate loading bagged charges and projectiles. The two designs were similar in construction and performance, the main difference between the two models being their weight 37.6 tonnes for the 1887 and 35.4 tonnes for the 1893. The later Canon de 274 modèle 1893/1896, despite being shorter, used a larger propellant charge which gave them higher muzzle velocity and range.

Naval use

Mle 1887/1893 guns armed pre-dreadnought battleships and ironclads of the French Navy built or refit between 1887 and 1902.^[1]

Pre-dreadnought battleships

Charles Martel - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of two mle 1887s mounted in single gun turrets on lateral sponsons amidships.
Carnot - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of two mle 1887s mounted in single gun turrets on lateral sponsons amidships.
Jauréguiberry - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of two mle 1887s mounted in single gun turrets on lateral sponsons amidships.
Masséna - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of two mle 1893s mounted in single gun turrets on lateral sponsons amidships.
Bouvet - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of two mle 1893s mounted in single gun turrets on lateral sponsons amidships.

Ironclads

Courbet - This ironclad received three mle 1893s in single mounts during a refit in the 1890s.

Railway guns

A number of mle 1887/1893 naval guns were converted to railway guns under the designation Canon de 274 modèle 87/93 Glissement and saw action during both the First and Second World Wars.

Ammunition

Ammunition was of separate loading type with a bagged charge and projectile. The charge weighed 67.5 kg (149 lb).

The guns were able to fire:

Armor Piercing Capped - 255 kg (562 lb)
Common Incendiary - 216 kg (476 lb)
Semi-Armor Piercing Capped - 255 kg (562 lb)^[1]

Photo gallery

The battleship Charles Martel
The battleship Carnot
The battleship Jauréguiberry
The battleship Masséna
The battleship Bouvet
A Canon de 274 modèle 87/93 captured by U.S. troops near Rentwertshausen 10 April 1945

Bibliography

Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Friedman, Norman (2011-01-01). Naval weapons of World War One. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321007. OCLC 786178793.
^ DiGiulian, Tony. "France 274 mm/45 (10.8") Model 1887/1893 - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2018-09-05.

External links

http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_10-45_m1893.php

[:0-1] Friedman, Norman (2011-01-01). Naval weapons of World War One. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321007. OCLC 786178793.

[2] DiGiulian, Tony. "France 274 mm/45 (10.8") Model 1887/1893 - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2018-09-05.

[1]

[2]

v t e French naval weapons of the First World War
Battleship primary armament	274 mm/40 Modèle 1893/1896 305 mm/45 Modèle 1887 305 mm/40 Modèle 1893/96 305 mm/45 Modèle 1906 340mm/28 Modèle 1881 340 mm/42 Modèle 1887 340 mm/45 Modèle 1912
Battleship secondary armament	47 mm/40 Modèle 1885 47 mm/50 Modèle 1902 57 mm/40 Modèle 1885 75 mm/62 Modèle 1908 75 mm/34 Modèle 1915/1916/1917 138 mm/55 Modèle 1910 164 mm/45 Modèle 1887 164 mm/45 Modèle 1893 194 mm/40 Modèle 1893–1896 240mm/50 Modèle 1902 274 mm/45 Modèle 1887/1893
Cruiser primary armament	164 mm/45 Modèle 1887 164 mm/45 Modèle 1893 194 mm/45 Modèle 1887 194 mm/40 Modèle 1893–1896 194 mm/50 Modèle 1902
Cruiser secondary armament	100 mm/45 Modèle 1891 138 mm/45 Modèle 1893 164 mm/45 Modèle 1887 164 mm/45 Modèle 1893
Destroyer and Aviso Primary armament	65 mm/50 Modèle 1891 100 mm/45 Modèle 1891 138 mm/45 Modèle 1893 138 mm/55 Modèle 1910
Anti-aircraft weapons	8 mm/50 Modèle 1914 57 mm/40 Modèle 1902