View source for Centre-left coalition (Italy)

{{short description|Left-leaning political coalition in Italy}}
{{redirect|Centre-left coalition|other uses|Centre-left politics}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Centre-left coalition
| native_name      = Coalizione di centro-sinistra
| logo             = 
| leader           = [[Elly Schlein]]<!--As leader of the main party-->
| founder          = [[Romano Prodi]]
| foundation       = {{start date|1995|03|06|df=y}}
| merger           = {{nowrap|[[Alliance of Progressives]]<br />[[Pact for Italy]]}}
| position         = {{nowrap|[[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]}}
| ideology         = 
| colours          = [[Red (politics)|Red]]
| seats1_title     = {{nowrap|[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]{{efn|Including [[Democratic Party - Democratic and Progressive Italy|PD-IDP]], [[Five Star Movement|M5S]], [[Greens and Left Alliance|AVS]], [[More Europe|+E]], [[Democratic Centre (Italy)|CD]] and [[Aosta Valley (political coalition)|VdA]]
}}}}
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|136|400|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]{{efn|Including [[Democratic Party - Democratic and Progressive Italy|PD-IDP]], [[Five Star Movement|M5S]], [[Greens and Left Alliance|AVS]] and [[Campobase]]}}
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|71|200|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[European Parliament]]{{efn|Including [[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]], [[Five Star Movement|M5S]] and [[Greens and Left Alliance|AVS]]}}
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|35|76|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| seats4_title     = [[Regions of Italy|Regional Government]]
| seats4           = {{Composition bar|6|20|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| seats5_title     = [[Composition of Regional Councils of Italy|Regional Councils]]
| seats5           = {{Composition bar|270|897|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| website          = 
| country          = Italy
| colorcode        = {{party color|Centre-left coalition}}
| footnotes        = {{notelist}}
}}

The '''centre-left coalition''' ({{langx|it|coalizione di centro-sinistra}}) is a [[political alliance]] of [[political parties in Italy]] active under several forms and names since 1995, when [[The Olive Tree (Italy)|The Olive Tree]] was formed under the leadership of [[Romano Prodi]]. The centre-left coalition has ruled the country for more than fifteen years between 1996 and 2021; to do so, it had mostly to rely on a [[big tent]] that went from the more radical left-wing, which had more weight between 1996 and 2008, to the political centre, which had more weight during the 2010s, and its main parties were also part of [[grand coalition]]s and [[national unity government]]s.

The coalition mostly competed with the [[Centre-right coalition (Italy)|centre-right coalition]] founded by [[Silvio Berlusconi]]. In the [[1996 Italian general election]], The Olive Tree consisted of the majority of both the left-wing [[Alliance of Progressives]] and the centrist [[Pact for Italy]], the two losing coalitions in the [[1994 Italian general election]], the first under a system based primarily on [[first-past-the-post voting]]. In 2005, [[The Union (Italy)|The Union]] was founded as a wider coalition to contest the [[2006 Italian general election]], which later collapsed due to [[Clemente Mastella]] during the [[2008 Italian political crisis]], with the fall of the [[second Prodi government]].

In the late 2000s and early 2010s, the centre-left coalition has been built around the [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD), which was established in 2007 from a merger of [[Democrats of the Left]] and [[Democracy is Freedom]], the main parties affiliated to both The Olive Tree and The Union. The centre-left coalition was part of Italian governments from November 2011 to June 2018, when a coalition government between the [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) and the [[Lega (political party)|League]] was formed.

In September 2019, the centre-left returned to power in coalition with the M5S, with centre-left parties participating in the national unity government of [[Mario Draghi]], who was the country's prime minister from February 2021 until the [[2022 Italian government crisis]] in July that led to the [[2022 Italian general election]]. Under an electoral law (''[[Rosatellum]]'') that favoured unity and coalitions, a divided centre-left, M5S, and PD's centrist split parties suffered a loss to the centre-right coalition, which won a majority of seats since the [[2008 Italian general election]]. Since 2023, PD, M5S, [[ Greens and Left Alliance]] (AVS) and minor leftist parties often run within the same coalition at local and regional level in the Progressive Camp.<ref>[https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2024/03/04/sondaggio-la7-centrosinistra-m5s-centrodestra-meloni-fratelli-ditalia/7468445/ I sondaggi e l’effetto Todde, il campo progressista a un solo punto dal centrodestra. Fratelli d’Italia al secondo ribasso di fila]. Il Fatto Quotidiano</ref><ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2024/03/09/news/giuseppe_conte_m5s_elezioni_regionali_abruzzo-422279829/ Conte: “Meloni non dura e il M5S da solo non vince. Nel campo progressista il Pd è un protagonista”]. la Repubblica</ref>

==History==
===Road to The Olive Tree===
{{main|The Olive Tree (Italy)}}
[[File:Romano Prodi in Nova Gorica (2c).jpg|thumb|right|160px|Prodi in 2011]]
Following the [[1994 Italian general election]], which was won by the [[Centre-right coalition (Italy)|centre-right coalition]] of [[Silvio Berlusconi]], the left-wing [[Alliance of Progressives]] and the centrist [[Pact for Italy]] started a parliamentary cooperation, which brought in March 1995 to the foundation of [[The Olive Tree (Italy)|The Olive Tree]].<ref name="Biorcio2002">{{cite book|author=Roberto Biorcio|chapter=Italy|editor1=Ferdinand Muller-Rommel|editor2=Thomas Poguntke|title=Green Parties in National Governments|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndz9AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA42|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-28826-6|pages=42–44}}</ref> The historical leader and ideologue of these coalitions was [[Romano Prodi]], Professor of Economics and former member of [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] (DC), who invented the name and the symbol of The Olive Tree with [[Arturo Parisi]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it//enciclopedia/l-ulivo|title=Ulivo, L' nell'Enciclopedia Treccani|website=www.treccani.it}}</ref>

In 1995, [[Lega Nord]] exited the [[Pole of Freedoms]] and supported [[Lamberto Dini]]'s [[Technocratic government (Italy)|technocratic government]], together with the Pact for Italy and the Alliance of Progressives. On 21 April 1996, The Olive Tree won [[1996 Italian general election]] with the [[Communist Refoundation Party]] (PRC) as an external ally, making [[Romano Prodi]] the [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|Prime Minister of Italy]].<ref name="HoltzBachaMazzoleni2004">{{cite book|author1=Christina Holtz-Bacha|author2=Gianpietro Mazzoleni|title=The Politics of Representation: Election Campaigning and Proportional Representation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k18cQ-ytaT0C&pg=PA60|year=2004|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-0-8204-6148-9|page=60}}</ref> The Olive Tree's largest partner was the [[Democratic Party of the Left]] (PDS), which contained the bulk of the former [[Italian Communist Party]]. The PDS supplied 16 ministers and 10 junior ministers; it was the first time that former PCI members had taken part in government since 1947. One of their leaders, [[Walter Veltroni]], who ran in ticket with Prodi in a long electoral campaign, was [[Deputy Prime Minister of Italy]]. On 9 October 1998, the [[first Prodi government]] fell when PRC left the alliance. Since 21 October 1998, The Olive Tree was the core of the governments led by [[Massimo D'Alema]] and by [[Giuliano Amato]]. When D'Alema became the new prime minister, it was the first time ever in both Italy and Western Europe that an heir of the [[Communist party]] tradition came to lead a government. On 13 May 2001, led by [[Francesco Rutelli]], who ran in ticket with [[Piero Fassino]], the centre-left coalition lost the general elections against Berlusconi and the [[House of Freedoms]].

===The Union===
{{main|The Union (Italy)}}
The Union was the direct heir of The Olive Tree. While The Union was an heterogenous alliance that also included Communist parties, they were not part of The Olive Tree. Prodi won the [[2006 Italian general election]] by a very narrow margin due to the new electoral law enacted by [[Roberto Calderoli]]; Berlusconi refused to acknowledge defeat. Prodi's coalition proved to be extremely frail, as the two-vote margin in the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]] allowed almost any party in the coalition to veto legislation and political views inside the coalition spanned from [[communists]] to [[Christian democrats]].

[[File:Presidente Napolitano.jpg|thumb|left|160px|Napolitano in 2006]]
On 7 May 2006, the centre-left coalition officially endorsed [[Giorgio Napolitano]] as its candidate in the [[2006 Italian presidential election]] that began on 8 May. The [[Holy See]] endorsed him as the [[president of Italy]] through its official newspaper, ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]'', just after The Union named him as its candidate, as did [[Marco Follini]], former secretary of the [[Union of Christian and Centre Democrats]] (UDCC), a member party of the House of Freedoms. On 10 May 2006, Napolitano was elected in the fourth round of voting, the first of those requiring only an absolute majority, unlike the first three which required two-thirds of the votes, with 543 votes (out of a possible 1009).  At the age of 80, he became the first former PCI member to become president of Italy

On 21 February 2007, less than a year after he had won the elections, Prodi tendered his resignation to Napolitano after the government was defeated in the Senate by two ballots in a vote on foreign policy. On 24 February, Napolitano invited Prodi to return to office and face a [[vote of confidence]]. Major causes of friction inside the coalition were the 2006 Pardon Act (it was criticised by the centre-right coalition and by the [[Italy of Values]] party), a draft bill to establish [[civil union]]s (vetoed by Christian democrats), Italy's continued [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|involvement in Afghanistan]] (strongly opposed by left-wing parties), and the much publicised house-arrest of [[Clemente Mastella]]'s wife (then a prominent politician at the regional level) over a corruption scandal. Mastella's party [[Union of Democrats for Europe]] held enough seats in the Senate that his eventual decision to withdraw its support for the government meant the end of the legislature on 6 February 2008. Mastella, who also resigned from his office as [[Minister of Justice (Italy)|Minister of Justice]], cited the proposed reform of the electoral system that would have made it difficult for small parties like his own to gain seats in the [[Italian Parliament]], as well as the lack of personal support from his coalition partners' as one of the reasons behind his decision.<ref>''[[BBC]]'', 16 January 2008 [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7191413.stm Italian justice minister resigns]{{in lang|en}}</ref>

===Foundation of the Democratic Party===
{{main|Democratic Party (Italy)}}
The Democratic Party (PD) was founded on 14 October 2007 as a merger of various [[centre-left]] parties that had been part of The Union in the 2006 general election. At foundation, the majority of the PD was formed by the [[Democrats of the Left]] (DS), heirs of the PCI, and the largely Catholic-inspired [[Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy]].<ref name="Slomp2011">{{cite book|author=Hans Slomp|title=Europe, a Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1uzkNq8xfIC&pg=PA406|access-date=13 August 2013|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39181-1|page=406}}</ref> Within the party, an important role is played by [[Christian leftists]], who are direct heirs of the former DC's left wing.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Bruno |last=Vespa |title=Il Cuore e la Spada: Storia politica e romantica dell'Italia unita, 1861-2011 |publisher=Mondadori |year=2010 |page=650 |isbn=9788852017285 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YpRt-k0VDEEC&pg=PA650}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Giuliano |last=Augusto |title=De profundis per il Pd |newspaper=Rinascita |date=8 December 2013 |url=http://www.rinascita.eu/index.php?action=news&id=22749 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301073618/http://www.rinascita.eu/index.php?action=news&id=22749 |archive-date=1 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Sergio |last=Gioli |title=Ultimo treno a sinistra |newspaper=Quotidiano.net |date=19 November 2013 |url=http://qn.quotidiano.net/politica/2013/11/19/984376-pd-primarie-sinistra.shtml}}</ref> After the [[resignation of Silvio Berlusconi]] as prime minister in November 2011, the PD gave external support to [[Mario Monti]]'s technocratic government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/19/Via_libera_definitivo_Monti_Clima_co_8_111119029.shtml|title=Via libera definitivo a Monti "Clima nuovo, ce la faremo"|newspaper=Corriere della Sera|date=19 November 2011|access-date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/19/Camera_fiducia_ampia_Pdl_esecutivo_co_8_111119004.shtml |title=Camera, fiducia ampia Il Pdl: esecutivo di tregua, l' Ici si può riesaminare|newspaper=Corriere Della Sera|date=19 November 2011|access-date=6 June 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Matteo Renzi crop 2015.jpeg|thumb|right|160px|Renzi in 2015]]
Following the [[2013 Italian general election]] and the [[2014 European Parliament election in Italy]], the PD was the largest party in the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]], the Senate, and the [[European Parliament]], respectively. Since April 2013, due to the inconclusive results of the 2013 general election held in February despite being the largest party and [[Pier Luigi Bersani]]'s [[Italia. Bene Comune]] centre-left coalition, the PD member [[Enrico Letta]] was prime minister at the head of a government sustained by a [[Grand coalition (Italy)|grand coalition]] including [[The People of Freedom]], which was later replaced by the [[New Centre-Right]] as the [[new Forza Italia]] (FI) went to the opposition, [[Civic Choice]], and the Union of the Centre (UdC), the renamed UDCC that was later replaced by the [[Populars for Italy]]. Following his election as party leader in February 2014, [[Matteo Renzi]] called for "a new phase" and consequently the party's national board voted to ask Letta to resign.<ref name="guardian-letta-resign">{{Citation |title= Italian PM Enrico Letta to resign|newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/13/italian-pm-enrico-letta-to-resign}}</ref><ref name="corriere.it">{{Citation |title=Renzi liquida Letta: "Via dalla palude" Venerdì il premier al Quirinale per le dimissioni |newspaper=Corriere.it |url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/14_febbraio_13/governo-giorno-giudizio-nazareno-letta-io-non-vengo-decidete-serenita-19fdcd32-94b0-11e3-af50-9dc536a34228.shtml}}</ref> Subsequently, Renzi was sworn in as prime minister at the head of the same coalition.<ref name="repubblica.it">{{Citation |first=Monica |last=Rubino |title=Il governo Renzi ha giurato al Colle, è in carica. Gelo con Letta alla consegna della campanella |newspaper=Repubblica.it |url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2014/02/22/news/governo_renzi_il_giorno_del_giuramento_compito_tosto_ma_ce_la_faremo-79328870/?ref=HRER3-1}}</ref>

By 2015, other than the national government, the PD led fifteen regional governments out of twenty and functioned as coalition partner in [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]. The [[2016 Italian constitutional referendum]] was supported by the majority of the centre-left coalition. Inside the centre-left coalition, UdC, the [[Federation of the Greens]], [[Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology]], [[Progressive Valdostan Union (2013)|Progressive Valdostan Union]], [[Slovene Union]], and [[Christian Popular Union]] campaigned for the "No" vote. The referendum was lost with 41% of "Yes" against 59% of "No" votes. After the referendum, Renzi tendered his resignation as prime minister and [[Paolo Gentiloni]], also a member of the PD, became his successor. In the [[2018 Italian general election]], the centre-left coalition led by with Renzi obtained its worst result ever at 22.9% of the vote, well behind the centre-right coalition and the [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Following the defeat, Renzi resigned from secretary of the PD, and his deputy [[Maurizio Martina]] functioning afterwards as acting secretary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/18_marzo_07/pd-orfini-renzi-si-dimesso-formalmente-lunedi-martina-apre-direzione-1af1ce6e-2241-11e8-a665-a35373fafb97.shtml|title=Dimissioni Renzi: La guida del partito va a Martina - Corriere.it}}</ref>

In September 2019, the PD formed a [[coalition government]] with the M5S and the PD's left-wing split [[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU), which was supported by the members of the centre-left coalition in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Miles |date=2019-05-21 |title=Italy’s centre-left confident it can challenge the populists |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/60781d6a-78af-11e9-be7d-6d846537acab |access-date=2023-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-21 |title=Italy’s center left green-lights potential coalition with 5Stars |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-election-salvini-center-left-greenlights-potential-coalition-with-5stars/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=Politico |language=en}}</ref> Following the [[2021 Italian government crisis]], which was caused by Renzi's [[Italia Viva]] (IV) centrist party, [[Giuseppe Conte]] was replaced by [[Mario Draghi]]. In February 2021, a [[national unity government]] including the PD, MS5, IV, [[Article One (political party)|Article One]], and Berlusconi's FI and [[Matteo Salvini]]'s rebranded and renamed [[Lega (political party)|League]]. The Draghi government collapsed during the [[2022 Italian government crisis]], leading to Draghi's resignation as prime minister that July and a snap general election being called for September. For the [[2022 Italian general election]], the centre-left coalition centered around the PD's [[Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy|Democratic and Progressive Italy]] electoral list, which was allied with the [[Civic Commitment]], [[Greens and Left Alliance]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Amante |first=Angelo |date=2022-08-06 |title=Italian centre-left alliance boosted as another group signs up |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italian-centre-left-alliance-boosted-another-group-signs-up-2022-08-06/ |access-date=2023-08-14}}</ref> and [[More Europe]] lists. Due to the [[Italian electoral law of 2015]] that was supported by Renzi and that favoured unity and coalition, the centre-left coalition, which was not able to form alliances with the M5S (accused of causing the fall of Draghi's government) and the PD's centrist party splits that were opposed to the left-wing parties of the coalition,<ref>{{cite news |title=Italy's centre-left suffers blow as centrist party quits electoral pact |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/elections/news/italys-centre-left-suffers-blow-as-centrist-party-quits-electoral-pact/ |work=www.euractiv.com |date=8 August 2022}}</ref> was defeated by the centre-right coalition led [[Brothers of Italy]] (the sole centre-right coalition to oppose the Draghi's government) of [[Giorgia Meloni]], who returned to power for the first time since 2011.

== The Olive Tree (1995–2005) ==
{{main|The Olive Tree (Italy)}}

=== 1996–1998 ===
In the [[1996 Italian general election]] and during the [[first Prodi government]], the coalition was composed of the following parties:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party of the Left}}" |
| [[Democratic Party of the Left]] (PDS){{efn|name=fn1|Including the [[Labour Federation (Italy)|Labour Federation]], the [[Social Christians]], the [[Republican Left (Italy)|Republican Left]], the [[Movement of Unitarian Communists]] and the [[Democratic Federation (Sardinia)|Democratic Federation]].}}
| [[Democratic socialism]]
| [[Massimo D'Alema]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian People's Party (1994)}}" |
| [[Italian People's Party (1994)|Italian People's Party]] (PPI){{efn|name=fn2|It contested the election under the banner of the [[Populars for Prodi]] joint list, along with the [[Democratic Union (Italy)|Democratic Union]], the [[Italian Republican Party]] and the [[South Tyrolean People's Party]]. The list included also the [[Federation of Liberals]].}}
| [[Christian democracy]]
| [[Franco Marini]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Renewal}}" |
| [[Italian Renewal]] (RI){{efn|name=fn3|Including the [[Italian Socialists]], the [[Democratic Italian Movement]] and [[Segni Pact]].}}
| [[Liberalism]]
| [[Lamberto Dini]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Federation of the Greens}}" |
| [[Federation of the Greens]] (FdV)
| [[Green politics]]
| [[Carlo Ripa di Meana]]
|}
{{notelist}}

The coalition had the following regional partners:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Region
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="#C34848" |
| [[Lega Autonomia Veneta]] (LAV)
| [[Veneto]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Mario Rigo]]
|-
| bgcolor="#282828" |
| [[Sardinian Action Party]] (PSd'Az)
| [[Sardinia]]
| [[Sardinian nationalism]]
| [[Franco Meloni]]
|}
{{notelist}}

The Olive Tree presented candidates of [[The Network (political party)|The Network]] and the [[Ladin Autonomist Union]] in some [[first-past-the-post]] constituencies. The coalition also made an agreement of desistance with the [[Communist Refoundation Party]] in some first-past-the-post constituencies,<ref name="Ieraci2008A">{{cite book|author=Giuseppe Ieraci|title=Governments and Parties in Italy: Parliamentary Debates, Investiture Votes and Policy Positions (1994-2006)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNrx46dFiFsC&pg=PA24|year=2008|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|isbn=978-1-906221-72-0|page=24}}</ref> which ran under the banner of the [[Alliance of Progressives|Progressives]].

=== 1998–2001 ===
In 1998, the [[Communist Refoundation Party]] brought down the first Prodi government.<ref name="Ieraci2008B">{{cite book|author=Giuseppe Ieraci|title=Governments and Parties in Italy: Parliamentary Debates, Investiture Votes and Policy Positions (1994-2006)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNrx46dFiFsC&pg=PA87|year=2008|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|isbn=978-1-906221-72-0|page=87}}</ref> with a splinter faction forming the [[Party of Italian Communists]].<ref name="Pasquino2002">{{cite book|author=Gianfranco Pasquino|chapter=The political context 1996-2001|editor=James L. Newell|title=The Italian General Election of 2001: Berlusconi's Victory|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zZhiuXDq8K4C&pg=PA33|year=2002|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-6100-4|pages=33–}}</ref> In 1998–2001, during the two governments led by [[Massimo D'Alema]] (1998–2000) and the one led by [[Giuliano Amato]] (2000–2001), the coalition was composed of eight parties:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Democrats of the Left}}" |
| [[Democrats of the Left]] (DS)
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Walter Veltroni]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian People's Party (1994)}}" |
| [[Italian People's Party (1994)|Italian People's Party]] (PPI)
| [[Christian democracy]]
| [[Franco Marini]] / [[Pierluigi Castagnetti]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|The Democrats (Italy)}}" |
| [[The Democrats (Italy)|The Democrats]] (Dem)
| [[Social liberalism]]
| [[Romano Prodi]] / [[Arturo Parisi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Renewal}}" |
| [[Italian Renewal]] (RI)
| [[Liberalism]]
| [[Lamberto Dini]]
|-
| bgcolor="red" |
| [[Party of Italian Communists]] (PdCI)
| [[Communism]]
| [[Armando Cossutta]] / [[Oliviero Diliberto]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Socialist Party}}" |
| [[Italian Democratic Socialists]]{{efn|name=fn1|The party did not participate in D'Alema II Cabinet and briefly formed [[The Clover]] coalition, along with the [[Italian Republican Party]] and the [[Union for the Republic (Italy)|Union for the Republic]].}} (SDI)
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Enrico Boselli]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Federation of the Greens}}" |
| [[Federation of the Greens]] (FdV)
| [[Green politics]]
| [[Luigi Manconi]] / [[Grazia Francescato]]
|-
| bgcolor="orange" |
| [[Democratic Union for the Republic]] (UDR){{efn|name=fn2|Until February 1999.}}
| rowspan=2|[[Christian democracy]]
| rowspan=2|[[Clemente Mastella]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Union of Democrats for Europe}}" |
| [[Union of Democrats for Europe]] (UDEUR){{efn|name=fn3|Since May 1999.}}
|}
{{notelist}}

=== 2001 general election ===
In the [[2001 Italian general election]], the coalition was led by [[Francesco Rutelli]], and was composed of nine parties:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Democrats of the Left}}" |
| [[Democrats of the Left]] (DS){{efn|name=fn1|Including the [[Mancini List]].}}
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Walter Veltroni]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|The Daisy}}" |
| [[Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy|Democracy is Freedom]] (DL){{efn|name=fn2|Joint list composed of [[Italian People's Party (1994)|Italian People's Party]], [[The Democrats (Italy)|The Democrats]], [[Italian Renewal]] and [[Union of Democrats for Europe]]; the list included also the [[Federation of Liberals]].}}  
| [[Social liberalism]] / [[Christian left]]
| [[Francesco Rutelli]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Federation of the Greens}}" |
| [[The Sunflower]]{{efn|name=fn3|Joint list composed of the [[Federation of the Greens]] and the [[Italian Democratic Socialists]].}}
| [[Green politics]] / [[Social democracy]]
| [[Grazia Francescato]] / [[Enrico Boselli]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Party of Italian Communists}}" |
| [[Party of Italian Communists]] (PdCI)
| [[Communism]]
| [[Oliviero Diliberto]]
|-
| bgcolor="#F2682A" |
| New Country (PN){{efn|name=fn4|New Country was a ''[[decoy list|lista civetta]]''.}}
| [[Single-issue politics]]
| None
|}
{{notelist}}

The coalition had the following regional partners:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Region
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}" |
| [[South Tyrolean People's Party]] (SVP)
| [[Trentino-Alto Adige]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Siegfried Brugger]]
|-
| bgcolor="gold" |
| With Illy for Trieste
| [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Riccardo Illy]]
|}

The Olive Tree made an agreement of desistance with the [[Communist Refoundation Party]] in the [[first-past-the-post]] constituencies.

=== 2004 EP election ===
In the [[2004 European Parliament election in Italy]], the '''United in the Olive Tree''' joint list, was composed of four parties:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Democrats of the Left}}" |
| [[Democrats of the Left]] (DS)
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Piero Fassino]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|The Daisy}}" |
| [[Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy]] (DL)
| [[Social liberalism]]
| [[Francesco Rutelli]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Socialist Party}}" |
| [[Italian Democratic Socialists]] (SDI)
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Enrico Boselli]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|European Republicans Movement}}" |
| [[European Republicans Movement]] (MRE)
| [[Social liberalism]]
| [[Luciana Sbarbati]]
|}

The list was connected with the following regional partners:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}" |
| [[South Tyrolean People's Party]] (SVP){{efn|name=fn1|Including the [[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party]] and the [[Slovene Union]].}}
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Siegfried Brugger]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Valdostan Union}}" |
| [[Valdostan Union]] (UV) 
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Manuela Zublena]]
|}
{{notelist}}

== The Union (2005–2008) ==
{{main|The Union (Italy)}}

=== 2006 general election ===
In the [[2006 Italian general election]], the coalition was composed of thirteen parties:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Democrats of the Left}}" |
| [[Democrats of the Left]] (DS){{efn|name=fn1|DS, DL, MRE and PSDI contested the election for the Chamber within The Olive Tree joint list.}}
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Piero Fassino]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|The Daisy}}" |
| [[Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy]] (DL){{efn|name=fn1}}
| [[Social liberalism]]
| [[Francesco Rutelli]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}" |
| [[Communist Refoundation Party]] (PRC)
| [[Communism]]
| [[Fausto Bertinotti]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialists}}" |
| [[Italian Democratic Socialists]] (SDI){{efn|name=fn2|SDI and RI contested elections within the [[Rose in the Fist]] joint list. The list was also supported by the [[Federation of Liberals]].}}
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Enrico Boselli]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Radicals}}" |
| [[Italian Radicals]] (RI){{efn|name=fn2}}
| [[Liberalism]]
| [[Emma Bonino]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italy of Values}}" |
| [[Italy of Values]]{{efn|name=fn3|Including the [[Democratic Republicans (Italy)|Democratic Republicans]].}} (IdV)
| [[Political corruption|Anti-corruption politics]]
| [[Antonio Di Pietro]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Party of Italian Communists}}" |
| [[Party of Italian Communists]] (PdCI)
| [[Communism]]
| [[Oliviero Diliberto]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Federation of the Greens}}" |
| [[Federation of the Greens]] (FdV)
| [[Green politics]]
| [[Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Union of Democrats for Europe}}" |
| [[Union of Democrats for Europe]] (UDEUR)
| [[Christian democracy]]
| [[Clemente Mastella]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pensioners' Party (Italy)}}" |
| [[Pensioners' Party (Italy)|Pensioners' Party]] (PP)
| [[List of pensioners' parties|Pensioners' interests]]
| [[Carlo Fatuzzo]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Socialist Party}}" |
| [[The Italian Socialists]] (SI)
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Bobo Craxi]]
|-
| bgcolor="orange" |
| [[Consumers' List]] (LC){{efn|name=fn4|Including the [[Christian Democracy (Italy, 2002)|Christian Democracy]], [[The Liberals Sgarbi]] and the [[Southern Democratic Party]].}} 
| [[Consumer protection]]
| [[Renato Campiglia]]
|-
| bgcolor="red" |
| [[United Consumers]]
| [[Consumer protection]]
| [[Bruno De Vita]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}" |
| [[Italian Democratic Socialist Party (2004)|Italian Democratic Socialist Party]] (PSDI){{efn|name=fn1}}
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Giorgio Carta (politician)|Giorgio Carta]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|European Republicans Movement}}" |
| [[European Republicans Movement]] (MRE){{efn|name=fn1}}
| [[Social liberalism]]
| [[Luciana Sbarbati]]
|-
| bgcolor="lightskyblue" |
| [[United Democratic Christians]] (DCU)
| [[Christian democracy]]
| [[Giovanni Mongiello]]
|}
{{notelist}}

The coalition had the following regional partners:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Region
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="red" |
| [[Autonomy Liberty Democracy]] (ALD){{efn|name=fn1|Also including [[Vallée d'Aoste Vive]], [[Alternative Greens]] and [[Valdostan Renewal]].}}
| [[Aosta Valley]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Carlo Perrin]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}" |
| [[South Tyrolean People's Party]] (SVP){{efn|name=fn2|Including the [[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party]].}}
| [[Trentino-Alto Adige]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Elmar Pichler Rolle]]
|-
| bgcolor="brown" |
| [[Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda]] (LAL)
| [[Lombardy]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Matteo Brivio]]
|-
| bgcolor="#C34848" |
| [[Liga Veneta Repubblica|Liga Fronte Veneto]] (LFV)
| [[Veneto]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Fabrizio Comencini]]
|}
{{notelist}}

The coalition was supported by the [[Autonomists for Europe]], Radicals of the Left, and the New Action Party.

== PD-led coalitions (2008–present) ==

=== 2008 general election ===
In the [[2008 Italian general election]], the coalition was led by [[Walter Veltroni]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7347618.stm |title=Berlusconi declares election win |work=BBC News |date=14 April 2008}}</ref> and was composed of three parties:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}" |
| [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]{{efn|name=fn1|Also including the [[Italian Radicals]], the [[European Republicans Movement]], the [[Moderates (Italy)|Moderates]] and the [[Slovene Union]].}} (PD)
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Walter Veltroni]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italy of Values}}" |
| [[Italy of Values]] (IdV)
| [[Political corruption|Anti-corruption politics]]
| [[Antonio Di Pietro]]
|}
{{notelist}}

The coalition also had the following regional partners:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Region
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}" |
| [[South Tyrolean People's Party]] (SVP){{efn|name=fn1|The SVP ran independently for the Chamber and in 4 out of 6 colleges in Trentino-Alto Adige for the Senate in a joint list with the other centre-left parties (Democratic Party, Italy of Values, [[Italian Socialist Party (2007)|Socialist Party]], [[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party]] and [[Daisy Civic List]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vb33.it/news/se1204738128.htm|title=Svp e Insieme per le autonomie firmano il "patto di Salorno"(|access-date=26 November 2008|date=5 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}
| [[Trentino-Alto Adige]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Philipp Achammer]]
|-
| bgcolor="red" |
| [[Autonomy Liberty Democracy]]{{efn|name=fn2|Also including the [[Vallée d'Aoste Vive]], the [[Alternative Greens]] and the [[Valdostan Renewal]].}} (ALD)
| [[Aosta Valley]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Roberto Louvin]]
|}
{{notelist}}

=== 2013 general election ===
{{main|Italy. Common Good}}
In the [[2013 Italian general election]], the coalition ran as [[Italy. Common Good]] under the leadership of [[Pier Luigi Bersani]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/25/italian-election-results-live-coverage|title=Italian election results: gridlock likely – as it happened|date=26 February 2013|newspaper=Guardian|access-date=27 February 2013}}</ref> and was composed of the following parties:
{| class=wikitable  style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}" |
| [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD){{efn|name=fn1|Including candidates of the [[Italian Socialist Party (2007)|Italian Socialist Party]], the [[Moderates (Italy)|Moderates]] and the [[Slovene Union]].<ref name="SSk">{{Cite web|url=https://bora.la/2013/02/20/partito-democratico-e-slovenska-skupnost-di-nuovo-insieme/|title=Partito Democratico e Slovenska skupnost di nuovo insieme|date=February 20, 2013|website=Bora.La}}</ref>}}
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Pier Luigi Bersani]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Left Ecology Freedom}}" |
| [[Left Ecology Freedom]] (SEL){{efn|name=fn2|Including [[Greens (South Tyrol)|Greens of South Tyrol]].}}
| [[Democratic socialism]]
| [[Nichi Vendola]]
|-
| bgcolor="orange" |
| [[Democratic Centre (Italy)|Democratic Centre]] (CD)
| [[Christian left]]
| [[Bruno Tabacci]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Socialist Party (2007)}}" |
| [[Italian Socialist Party (2007)|Italian Socialist Party]] (PSI)
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Riccardo Nencini]]
|-
| bgcolor="#008ECE" |
| [[Moderates (Italy)|Moderates]] (Mod.)
| [[Liberalism]]
| [[Giacomo Portas]]
|}
{{notelist}}

The coalition had the following regional partners:
{| class=wikitable  style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Region
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="#F07636" |
| [[Autonomy Liberty Democracy]] (ALD){{efn|name=fn1|Including [[Progressive Valdostan Union (2013)|Progressive Valdostan Union]] (UVP) and [[Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology]] (ALPE).}} 
| [[Aosta Valley]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
|Several
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}" |
| [[South Tyrolean People's Party]] (SVP){{efn|name=fn2|Including candidates of the [[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party]].}}{{efn|name=fn3|The SVP contested the election for the Senate in a joint list with the PD and the [[Union for Trentino]] in three out of six constituencies and with the PD in one constituency.}}
| [[Trentino-Alto Adige]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Richard Theiner]]
|-
| bgcolor="#EC5800" |
| [[The Megaphone – Crocetta List]]
| [[Sicily]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Rosario Crocetta]]
|}
{{notelist}}

=== 2018 general election ===
In the [[2018 Italian general election]], the coalition was led by [[Matteo Renzi]], and was composed of four electoral lists:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}" |
| [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD){{efn|name=fn1|Including the [[Moderates (Italy)|Moderates]].}}
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Matteo Renzi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}" |
| [[More Europe]] (+E){{efn|name=fn2|Including the [[Italian Radicals]], [[Forza Europa (2017)|Forza Europa]], the [[Democratic Centre (Italy)|Democratic Centre]] and [[Progressive Area]].}}
| [[Liberalism]]
| [[Emma Bonino]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Together (Italy)}}" |
| [[Together (Italy)|Italy Europe Together]] (IEI){{efn|name=fn3|List composed of the [[Italian Socialist Party (2007)|Italian Socialist Party]], the [[Federation of the Greens]] and [[Civic Area]].}}
| [[Progressivism]]
| [[Giulio Santagata]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Popular Civic List}}" |
| [[Popular Civic List]] (CP){{efn|name=fn4|List composed of [[Popular Alternative]], [[Italy of Values]], [[Centrists for Europe]], [[Union for Trentino]] and [[Italy Is Popular]]; including also [[Solidary Democracy]], [[Christian Popular Union]] and [[Popular Italy]].}}
| [[Christian democracy]]
| [[Beatrice Lorenzin]]
|}
{{notelist}}

The coalition  had the following regional partners:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Region
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Valdostan Union}}" |
| [[Valdostan Union]] (UV){{efn|name=fn2|It was part of the [[Aosta Valley (political coalition)|Aosta Valley]] list, along with the PD and other Valdostan parties.}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Aosta Valley]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Ennio Pastoret]]
|-
| bgcolor="#F07636" |
| [[Progressive Valdostan Union (2013)|Progressive Valdostan Union]] (UVP){{efn|name=fn2}}
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Laurent Viérin]]
|-
| bgcolor="#0060AA" |
| [[Valdostan Autonomist Popular Edelweiss]] (EPAV){{efn|name=fn2}}
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Mauro Baccega]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}" |
| [[South Tyrolean People's Party]] (SVP){{efn|name=fn1|SVP and PATT ran in a joint list.}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Trentino-Alto Adige]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Philipp Achammer]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party}}" |
| [[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party]] (PATT){{efn|name=fn1}}
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Franco Panizza]]
|}
{{notelist}}

The centre-left coalition was also supported by the [[Ladin Autonomist Union]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/231137440277053/photos/a.580090048715122.1073741825.231137440277053/1842823082441806/?type=3&theater|title=Union Autonomista Ladina|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref> and the [[Slovene Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slovenskaskupnost.org/news/detail/879|title=Vodstvo SSk se je sestalo z neodvisnim kandidatom za senat Riccardom Illyjem|website=www.slovenskaskupnost.org|access-date=14 August 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142443/http://www.slovenskaskupnost.org/news/detail/879|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== 2022 general election ===
In the [[2022 Italian general election]], the alliance was formed by four parties:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}" |
| [[Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy]] (PD–IDP){{efn|name=fn1|Including [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD), [[Article One (political party)|Article One]] (Art.1), [[Italian Socialist Party (2007)|Italian Socialist Party]] (PSI), [[Solidary Democracy]] (DemoS), [[European Republicans Movement]] (MRE), [[Volt Italy]] (Volt), Italian Base (BASE), Brave Emilia-Romagna, [[Italian Radicals]], With Emiliano (CE), [[Centrists for Europe]] (CpE), For Apulia (XLP), [[Green Italia]] (GI), [[èViva]] and supported by [[Environment 2050]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.globalist.it/politics/2022/08/21/dinca-non-saro-candidato-ma-il-mio-impegno-prosegue-con-ambiente-2050/ | title=D'Incà: "Non sarò candidato ma il mio impegno prosegue con Ambiente 2050" | date=21 August 2022 }}</ref>}}
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Enrico Letta]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}" |
| [[More Europe]] (+E){{efn|Including [[Forza Europa (2017)|Forza Europa]] (FE) and [[Team K]] (TK).}}
| [[Liberalism]]
| [[Emma Bonino]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Civic Commitment}}" |
| [[Civic Commitment]] (IC){{efn|name=fn2|Including [[Together for the Future]] (IpF), [[Democratic Centre (Italy)|Democratic Centre]] (CD) and Innovative Democratic Socialist Proposal (PSDI).}}
| [[Centrism]]
| [[Luigi Di Maio]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Greens and Left Alliance}}" |
| [[Greens and Left Alliance]] (AVS){{efn|Including [[Italian Left]] (SI), [[Green Europe]] (EV), [[Possible (political party)|Possible]] (Pos), Environment Rights Equality (ADU), [[Greens (South Tyrol)|Greens of South Tyrol]] (Grüne) and [[Sardinian Progressives]] (PS).}}
| [[Eco-socialism]]
| [[Angelo Bonelli]]
|}
{{notelist}}

The coalition contested the election in some regions under the following banners:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Region
!Ideology
!Leader
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Valdostan Union}}" |
| [[Aosta Valley (political coalition)|Aosta Valley]] (VdA){{efn|name=fn1|Joint list composed of [[Valdostan Union]], [[Valdostan Alliance]], [[Edelweiss (political party)|Edelweiss]], [[United Aosta Valley]] [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] and [[Action – Italia Viva]].}}
|[[Aosta Valley]]
| Several
| Several
|-
| bgcolor="red" |
| Democratic Alliance for Autonomy (ADU){{efn|name=fn2|Joint list composed of [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]], [[Greens and Left Alliance]], [[More Europe]], [[Edelweiss (political party)|Edelweiss]], [[Action – Italia Viva]] and [[Campobase]].}}
| [[Trentino-Alto Adige]]
| Several
| Several
|}
{{notelist}}

There were regional agreements between the centre-left coalition and [[Action – Italia Viva]] in Trentino for the Senate election and in Aosta Valley for both Chamber and Senate elections. The Italian Left ran instead with the [[Five Star Movement]] and Democratic Area in Aosta Valley.

==Popular support==
{{Graph:Chart	
|width=500
|type=rect
|colors=#EF3E3E
|xAxisTitle=
|xAxisAngle=-40
|x=1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
|yAxisTitle=% of popular vote
|yAxisMin=0
|yAxisFormat=%
|y=.436, .0, .0, .0, .0, .435, .0, .0, .0, .0, .498, .0, .375, .0, .0, .0, .0, .295, .0, .0, .0, .0, .229, .0, .0, .0, .261
}}

==Electoral results==

===Italian Parliament===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Election
! rowspan="2" | Leader
! colspan="5" | [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]
! colspan="5" | [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]
|-
! Votes !! % !! Seats !! +/– !! Position !! Votes !! % !! Seats !! +/– !! Position
|-
! [[1996 Italian general election|1996]]
| [[Romano Prodi]] 
| 16,355,985 || 43.6 || {{composition bar|323|630|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || ''New'' || 1st
| 14,548,006 || 44.6 || {{composition bar|167|315|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || ''New'' || 1st
|-
! [[2001 Italian general election|2001]]
| [[Francesco Rutelli]] 
| 16,209,944 || 43.5 || {{composition bar|247|630|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{decrease}} 75 || {{decrease}} 2nd
| 13,282,495 || 39.2 || {{composition bar|128|315|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{decrease}} 41 || {{decrease}} 2nd
|-
! [[2006 Italian general election|2006]]
| [[Romano Prodi]] 
| 19,036,986 || 49.8 || {{composition bar|348|630|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{increase}} 101 || {{increase}} 1st
| 17,118,364 || 49.2 || {{composition bar|158|315|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{increase}} 30 || {{steady}} 2nd
|-
! [[2008 Italian general election|2008]]
| [[Walter Veltroni]] 
| 13,689,303 || 37.5 || {{composition bar|239|630|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{decrease}} 109 || {{decrease}} 2nd
| 12,457,182 || 38.7 || {{composition bar|130|315|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{decrease}} 28 || {{steady}} 2nd
|-
! [[2013 Italian general election|2013]]
| [[Pier Luigi Bersani]] 
| 10,047,603 || 29.5 || {{composition bar|345|630|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{increase}} 106 || {{increase}} 1st
| 9,686,683 || 31.6 || {{composition bar|127|315|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{decrease}} 3 || {{increase}} 1st
|-
! [[2018 Italian general election|2018]]
| [[Matteo Renzi]] 
| 7,506,723 || 22.9 || {{composition bar|122|630|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{decrease}} 223 || {{decrease}} 3rd
| 6,947,199 || 23.0 || {{composition bar|58|315|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{decrease}} 69 || {{decrease}} 3rd
|-
! [[2022 Italian general election|2022]]
| [[Enrico Letta]] 
| 7,337,975 || 26.1 || {{composition bar|85|400|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{decrease}} 37 || {{increase}} 2nd
| 7,161,688 || 25.4 || {{composition bar|44|200|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition (Italy)}}}} || {{decrease}} 14 || {{increase}} 2nd
|-
|}

===Regional Councils===
{| class=wikitable style="width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"
|-
! width=19%|Region
! width=13%|Election year
! width=16%|Votes
! width=7%|% 
! width=1%|Seats
! width=6%|+/−
|-
! [[Aosta Valley]]
! [[2020 Valdostan regional election|2020]]
| 10,106 (3rd)	
| 15.5
| {{Composition bar|7|35|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{increase}} 7}}
|-
! [[Piedmont]]
! [[2019 Piedmontese regional election|2019]]
| 936,099 (2nd)
| 35.2
| {{Composition bar|17|51|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{increase}} 3}}
|-
! [[Lombardy]]{{efn|name=fn2}}
! [[2023 Lombard regional election|2023]]
| 945,148 (2nd)
| 32.8
| {{Composition bar|24|80|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 7}}
|-
! [[South Tyrol]]{{efn|name=fn1|In [[South Tyrol]] the centre-left coalition ran divided.}}
! [[2023 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol provincial elections#South Tyrol|2023]]
| 66,353 
| 23.6
| {{Composition bar|8|35|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 2}}
|-
! [[Trentino]]
! [[2023 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol provincial elections#Trentino|2023]]
| 78,545 (2nd)
| 33.8
| {{Composition bar|13|35|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{increase}} 5}}
|-
! [[Veneto]]
! [[2020 Venetian regional election|2020]]
| 337,454 (2nd)
| 16.4
| {{Composition bar|9|51|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 3}}
|-
! [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]{{efn|name=fn2}}
! [[2023 Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional election|2023]]
| 117,469 (2nd)
| 29.7
| {{Composition bar|18|49|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{steady}}}}
|-
! [[Emilia-Romagna]]
! [[2020 Emilia-Romagna regional election|2020]]
| 1,040,482 (1st)
| 48.1
| {{Composition bar|29|50|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 3}}
|-
! [[Liguria]]{{efn|name=fn2|The centre-left coalition ran with the [[Five Star Movement]].}}
! [[2020 Ligurian regional election|2020]]
| 242,652 (2nd)	
| 38.7
| {{Composition bar|12|31|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 2}}
|-
! [[Tuscany]]
! [[2020 Tuscan regional election|2020]]
| 764,123 (1st)
| 47.1
| {{Composition bar|25|41|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{steady}}}}
|-
! [[Marche]]
! [[2020 Marche regional election|2020]]
| 227,183 (2nd)
| 36.5
| {{Composition bar|9|31|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 10}}
|-
! [[Umbria]]{{efn|name=fn2}}
! [[2019 Umbrian regional election|2019]]
| 153,784 (2nd)
| 36.8
| {{Composition bar|8|21|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 7}}
|-
! [[Lazio]]
! [[2023 Lazio regional election|2023]]
| 519,066 (2nd)
| 33.6
| {{Composition bar|15|50|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 9}}
|-
! [[Abruzzo]]{{efn|name=fn2}}
! [[2024 Abruzzo regional election|2024]]
| 262,565 (2nd)
| 45.3
| {{Composition bar|12|31|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{steady}}}}
|-
! [[Molise]]{{efn|name=fn2}}
! [[2023 Molise regional election|2023]]
| 48,936 (2nd)
| 34.6
| {{Composition bar|7|21|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 1}}
|-
! [[Campania]]
! [[2020 Campanian regional election|2020]]
| 1,616,540 (1st)
| 68.6
| {{Composition bar|33|51|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{increase}} 2}}
|-
! [[Apulia]]
! [[2020 Apulian regional election|2020]]
| 759,732 (1st)
| 45.3
| {{Composition bar|28|51|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 2}}
|-
! [[Basilicata]]{{efn|name=fn2}}
! [[2024 Basilicata regional election|2024]]
| 108,135 (2nd)
| 41.4
| {{Composition bar|8|21|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{steady}}}}
|-
! [[Calabria]]{{efn|name=fn2}}
! [[2021 Calabrian regional election|2021]]
| 208,980 (2nd)
| 27.4
| {{Composition bar|8|30|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 2}}
|-
! [[Sicily]]
! [[2022 Sicilian regional election|2022]]
| 341,252 (3rd)
| 16.1
| {{Composition bar|11|70|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{decrease}} 2}}
|-
! [[Sardinia]]{{efn|name=fn2}}
! [[2024 Sardinian regional election|2024]]
| 293,288 (2nd){{efn|The centre-right coalition won the party vote but lost the presidential election.}}
| 42.5
| {{Composition bar|36|60|hex={{party color|Centre-left coalition}}}}
| {{center|{{increase}} 12}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Clear}}

[[Category:Political party alliances in Italy]]