Church of Kish: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox religious building |
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| building_name = Church of Kish<br/>Church of Saint Elishe<br/>Սուրբ Եղիշէ Եկեղեցի<br/>Holy Mother of God Church<br/>Սուրբ Աստուածածին եկեղեցի |
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| image = Kishchurchsideview.JPG |
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| caption = |
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| map_type = Azerbaijan |
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| map_size = 275 |
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| location = {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Kiş, Shaki|Kiş]], [[Shaki]], [[Azerbaijan]] |
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| geo = |
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| latitude = 41.248933 |
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| longitude = 47.193067 |
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| religious_affiliation = [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian]]/[[Georgian Orthodox Church|Georgian]] |
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| rite = |
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| architecture = yes |
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| architecture_style = [[Armenian architecture|Armenian]] or [[Architecture of Georgia (country)|Georgian]] |
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| year_completed = 12th-13th century |
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}} |
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The '''Church of Kish''' ({{lang-az|Kiş kilsəsi}}), also known by different sources<ref>[http://www.dqdk.gov.az/aze/articles/alban.html dqdk.gov.az Alban-udi xristian kilsəsi]</ref><ref>[http://www.affa.az/index.php?r=29 affa.az Azərbaycanda din]</ref><ref>[http://www.baku-icc-2009.az/content.php?lang=az&page=24 baku-icc-2009.az Alban-Udi kilsəsi]</ref> as '''Church of Saint Elishe''' ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Եղիշէ եկեղեցի}})<ref name="RAA-Kish-page1">{{cite web | last = Karapetian| first = Samvel | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Kish| work = [[Research on Armenian Architecture]]| publisher = | date = | url = http://raa.am/Kish/KISH_E_1.htm | doi = | accessdate = 2009-06-20}}</ref> or '''Holy Mother of God Church''' ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Աստուածածին եկեղեցի}})<ref name="RAA-Kish-page1"/>, is a 12th or 13th century church located in the village of [[Kiş, Shaki|Kiş]] approximately 5 km north of [[Shaki]], [[Azerbaijan]]<ref name="RAA-Kish-page1"/>. It has functioned at different times as a Chalcedonian church within the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] and as an [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian]] Apostolic church<ref name="RAA-Kish-page1"/>. |
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== History== |
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According to the 7th century [[Armenians|Armenian]] historian [[Movses Kaghankatvatsi]], in the 1st century A.D. St. Elishe, a disciple of [[Thaddeus of Edessa]], arrived to a place called Gis (Գիս), where he built a church and recited a liturgy. The church became the "spiritual center and the place of enlightenment of people of the East". On his way from Gis St. Elishe was killed near the pagan altar in the small Zerguni valley by unknown people.<ref>[http://www.vehi.net/istoriya/armenia/kagantv/aluank1.html Movses Kaghankatvatsi. History of Albania. Book 1, Chapter VI]</ref> |
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According to the Armenian historian on architecture<ref>[http://www.kvali.com/kvali/index.asp?obiektivi=show&n=392 kvali.com Georgians, Armenians Row Over Vanishing Monuments]</ref> [[Samvel Karapetian]], the geographical position of Kish does not seem to match that described by Kaghankatvatsi. Karapetian believes that they have identified Gis as the village of Bomen/Bum 60 km to the south-east of Kish<ref name="RAA-Kish-page1"/>, in [[Qabala|Gabala district]]. |
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According to a Georgian historiographer, in the 10th century, the population of Kish converted to the Georgian Orthodox Church ([[Chalcedonian|Chalcedonism]]). The church of Kish was turned into a residence of a Georgian bishop, functioning till 17th century <ref name="raa" >[http://www.raa.am/Kish/KISH_E_2.htm Samvel Karapetian, "Research on Armenian Architecture", Online Version]</ref>. By the time when Russia took possession of the region the village of Kish had [[Udi people|Udi]] population.<ref>[http://www.vehi.net/istoriya/armenia/kagantv/udiny.html Игорь Кузнецов, "Удины".]</ref> According to [[Robert H. Hewsen]], the [[Udi language]] appeared to have been prevalent north of [[Kura River]] until the nineteenth century, and the Armenian population appeared to be of relatively recent arrival. While many Armenians undoubtedly settled there fleeing the Turko-Mongolic invasions, many more entered the region with the coming of the Russians in the early nineteenth century.<ref>Robert H. Hewsen. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians," in: Samuelian, Thomas J. (Hg.), Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity, Chicago: 1982, 27-40.</ref> |
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In 1836, the Albanian church, along with all active churches in this region that were not Georgian or Russian, was incorporated into the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]], and the Church of Kish was refounded in 1860s and became a place of pilgrimage due to the belief that it was associated with [[St. Elishe]] (Yegishe) <ref name="raa" />. |
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== Research and dating == |
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In 2000-2003 the [[Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] funded a joint project between [[Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University]] and the [[Norwegian Humanitarian Enterprise]] for the archaeological research and restoration of the church of Kish. Dr. Vilayat Karimov of Baku's Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography served as the director of excavations, and the archaeological advisor for the project was [[J. Bjørnar Storfjell]], who currently directs the [[Thor Heyerdahl Research Centre]] in [[Aylesbury]], [[England]]. [[Radiocarbon dating|Radiocarbon analysis]] of various objects found on the site showed that the cultic site found beneath the [[altar]] of the church dates to about 3000 B.C., while the construction of the existing church building dates to about the 12th century (990-1160 A.D.).<ref>[http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai111_folder/111_articles/111_kish_project.html Azerbaijan International Magazine. About the Kish Church Reconstruction Project]</ref> |
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The existing church building cannot be dated to the times of St. Elishe, but the archaeological evidence demonstrates that the church is located on an ancient cultic site. It is very unlikely that St. Elishe built in Kish a church in the modern understanding of this word. Even if the person did exist, it appears likely that he built only the altar or used an existing pagan cult structure <ref name="eparhia">[http://baku.eparhia.ru/history/albania/architrave/ Official website of Baku eparchy of Russian Orthodox Church. Architectural heritage of Caucasian Albania]</ref>. |
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Bjørnar Storfjell stated that there's clear evidence that this church was built as [[Diophysite]] church. Excavations revealed that the church represented two different periods of use, with two different corresponding floor levels. According to Storfjell, since the architecture of the apse of the original church in Kish suggests a diophysite [[Christology]], and since the Georgian Church was the only diophysite church existing in the Caucasus in the late medieval period, it seems reasonable to suggest that the Kish church was built as a Georgian church and was later taken over by [[Monophysitism|monophysites]].<ref>[http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai111_folder/111_articles/111_kish_church.html J. Bjornar Storfjell, Ph.D. The Church in Kish. Carbon Dating Reveals its True Age. Azerbaijan International, Spring 2003 (11.1)]</ref> |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Kishchurchfrontview.jpg |
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Image:Kishchurchrearview.jpg |
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Image:Kishdome.jpg |
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Image:Kishcrypt.jpg |
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</gallery> |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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== External links == |
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{{commons cat|Church of Kish}} |
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* [http://www.raa.am/Kish/KISH_E_1.htm Research on Armenian Architecture: Kish village, Shaki District, Republic of Azerbaijan] |
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* [http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/84_folder/84_articles/84_kish.html The Kish Church] |
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* [http://udins.ru/index.php?option=com_datsogallery&Itemid=64&func=viewcategory&catid=14&startpage=1&lang=english Photos the Church of Kish] |
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{{Contemporary Armenian Churches}} |
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{{Armenian churches}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Church Of Kish}} |
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[[Category:Churches in Azerbaijan]] |
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[[Category:Church of Caucasian Albania]] |
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[[Category:Armenian churches in Azerbaijan]] |
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[[Category:Georgian Orthodox Church]] |
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[[Category:12th-century Eastern Orthodox church buildings]] |
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[[az:Kiş məbədi]] |
[[az:Kiş məbədi]] |
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Revision as of 10:24, 2 October 2009
 | This article's factual accuracy is disputed. (July 2009) |