Crayke Castle
Crayke Castle is a grade I listed 15th-century castle in Crayke, North Yorkshire, England. The castle consists of a restored 15th century four storey tower house with attached outbuildings to the rear and a separate ruined 15th tower, the "New Tower". It is situated on Church Hill in the village of Crayke.[1]
History
There is documentary evidence that a castle was built on the existing site soon after the Norman Conquest. The building is reportedly attributed to Bishop Hugh Pudsey. These early records do not give much detail, though the foundations of the current buildings are alleged to be from the earlier construction.[2][3] The present building was constructed around 1450 for Robert Neville, Bishop of Durham on land which had belonged to the See of Durham since Saxon times. It is situated on the highest point in the Parish at an elevation of 379 feet.[4]
Up to the time of James I the castle was surrounded by a deer park. In 1647 the House of Commons decreed that the castle should not have a garrison and be dismantled. During the Civil War the castle was slighted by the Parliamentarians during the siege of York and it was then sold in 1648[4] to Sir William Allanson, a former Mayor and MP of York. Allanson’s son Charles repaired and restored the main building to the condition it remains in to this day.[3]
Around 1667 the manor was restored to the See of Durham to be leased out as a farmhouse to various people until Bishop William van Mildert was allowed by Parliament to sell it into private hands in 1827. The castle has been the subject of various surveys, including one by Canon Raine for a report for the Victorian Associated Architectural Societies.[4] It was temporarily requisitioned as a Land Army barracks in the Second World War.[3] The building was listed as Grade I in 1952.[5]
The castle was once the property of Kevin Hollinrake, Member of Parliament for the constituency of Thirsk and Malton since 2015.[6]
Layout
The current layout is made of two separate and self-contained buildings. Only the southernmost building is habitable. The entire site, including grounds, covers about 6 acres. A survey in 2005 found evidence of a monastic complex that preceded the post Norman Conquest buildings that occupied the site in a traditional Motte and Bailey layout. There is also evidence for a gatehouse on the site.[7]
Main building
The structure is made of four storeys and is rectangular measuring 70 ft 9ins by 28 ft 4ins. Each storey is defined by a band of stonework. Each storey has narrow square headed windows and at roof level is a band of crenelation. Entrance used to be via a staircase to the first storey on the north east side, but this has been removed and the modern building is now accessed at ground level on the south side. There is a vaulted under-croft to the attached building to the rear, which was a 19th-century addition as kitchens. To the rear of these kitchens are foundations to the old hall.[4][5][7]
"The New Tower"
This building lies to the north east of the main building and was three storeys high. The current ruin is only two storeys. It was arranged in an 'L' shape with the maximum length and width around 49 feet. The ground level is built into the hill so that the upper level opens on to the summit. The height of the remaining walls is about 20 feet.[4][5][7]
See also
References
- ^ "Name: CRAYKE CASTLE List Entry Number: 1189213". Heritagegateway. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
- ^ Bulmer's Topography, History and Directory (Private and Commercial) of North Yorkshire 1890. S&N Publishing. 1890. p. 861. ISBN 1-86150-299-0.
- ^ a b c "A Brief History of Crayke – Crayke Castle". Retrieved 2015-12-24.
- ^ a b c d e "History". Retrieved 2015-12-24.
- ^ a b c "British Listed Buildings". Retrieved 2015-12-24.
- ^ "An Englishman's Castle". Retrieved 2015-12-25.
- ^ a b c "English Heritage Buildings at Risk (2004) Project, North Yorkshire Crayke Castle, Crayke Photographic Survey and Archaeological Observations" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-12-24.
