Cuthbert Dukes

Cuthbert Esquire Dukes OBE (1890–1977) was an English physician and pathologist and author, for whom the Dukes classification for colorectal cancer is named.

Born in Bridgwater, Somerset, Dukes was educated at Caterham School and graduated with an M.D. thesis entitled Effect of severe haemorrhage and shock on the condition of the blood from the University of Edinburgh in 1914. His field of choice was pathology and he would make many great contributions to the world of medicine over the course of his career. He served in the Royal Army Medical Corps that was attached to the Rifle Brigade during World War I and was awarded the OBE for his services. After the war's end he became a demonstrator in bacteriology at University College in London, and in 1922, was the first pathologist to join the staff of St. Mark's Hospital. It was there that he began his recognized studies on the pathology of colon cancer. He wrote several books based on his findings.

A meticulous researcher who took personal pleasure in the many cases in which his findings helped patients with colon cancer, Dukes, apparently in accordance to his humble Quaker faith, refused all honours despite the wishes of his former colleagues and lived quietly at his home in Wimbledon until his death at the age of 86.

He was the younger brother of British playwright Ashley Dukes and MI6 agent Sir Paul Dukes.

Bibliography

• Dukes, Cuthbert (1924) Joseph Lister (1827-1912), London : Leonard Parsons.
• Dukes, Cuthbert (1935) "In the boyhood of the race" Friends' quarterly examiner; Vol.69; no.274 (Fourth Month 1935), p. 117-126
• Dukes, Cuthbert (1937) "What does Quakerism mean to me? Friends' quarterly examiner; Vol.71; no.282 (Fourth Month 1937), p. 131-134
• Dukes CE (1947). "Familial intestinal polyposis". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1 (1): 34–8. doi:10.1136/jcp.1.1.34. PMC 1023203. PMID 16810784.
• Dukes CE (1948). "The surgical pathology of renal tuberculosis". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2 (6): 299–309. PMC 1940220. PMID 18865338.
• Dukes CE, Morgan CN (1948). "Double carcinoma of the rectum and recto-sigmoid colon, with amoebiasis, schistosomiasis and benign adenoma". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 42 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(48)90347-2. PMID 18878512.
• Dukes, Cuthbert E. (1948) "Dr. John Coakley Lettsom" .The Friends' quarterly; Vol.2; no.2 (April 1948), p. 99-105
• Dukes CE (1949). "Biopsy". The Practitioner. 163 (973): 7–12. PMID 18146049.
• Dukes CE (1949). "Observations of the appearances of intestinal tumours". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 4 (1): 24–37. PMC 2238269. PMID 18107178.
• Dukes CE (1949). "The significance of the unusual in the pathology of intestinal tumours". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 4 (2): 90–103. PMC 2238263. PMID 18113275.
• Dukes CE (1949). "The surgical pathology of rectal cancer". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2 (2): 95–8. doi:10.1136/jcp.2.2.95. PMC 1023239. PMID 16810849.
• Dukes CE, Masina F (1949). "Classification of epithelial tumours of the bladder". British Journal of Urology. 21 (4): 273–95, illust. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1949.tb10787.x. PMID 15402008.
• Dukes CE (1950). "The relation of histology to spread in intestinal cancer". British Journal of Cancer. 4 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1038/bjc.1950.4. PMC 2007701. PMID 15420326.
• Dukes CE (1950). "The surgical pathology of rectal cancer". American Journal of Surgery. 79 (1): 66–71, illust, Disc, 94. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(50)90194-2. PMC 1023239. PMID 15399355.
• Dukes CE (1951). "Cystinuria". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 27 (307): 235–7. doi:10.1136/pgmj.27.307.235. PMC 2530329. PMID 14843890.
• Dukes CE (1951). "The surgical pathology of tumours of the colon". The Medical Press. 226 (21): 512–5. PMID 14890263.
• Gabriel WB, Dukes CE, Bussey HJ (1951). "Biopsy of the rectum". The British Journal of Surgery. 38 (152): 401–11. doi:10.1002/bjs.18003815202. PMID 14830775.
• Goligher JC, Dukes CE, Bussey HJ (1951). "Local recurrences after sphincter saving excisions for carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid". The British Journal of Surgery. 39 (155): 199–211. doi:10.1002/bjs.18003915504. PMID 14895939.
• Counsell PB, Dukes CE (1952). "The association of chronic ulcerative colitis and carcinoma of the rectum and colon". The British Journal of Surgery. 39 (158): 485–95. doi:10.1002/bjs.18003915803. PMID 14935164.
• Dukes CE (1952). "Carcinoma of the bladder associated with metaplasia". British Journal of Urology. 24 (3): 238–9. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1952.tb04696.x. PMID 12987684.
• Dukes CE (1952). "Familial intestinal polyposis". Annals of Eugenics. 17 (Part 1): 1–29. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1953.tb02531.x. PMID 12976938.
• Dukes CE (1952). "Familial intestinal polyposis". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 10 (5): 293–304. PMC 2377485. PMID 14934004.
• Lockhart-Mummery HE, Dukes CE (1952). "The surgical treatment of malignant rectal polyps". Lancet. 2 (6738): 751–5. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(52)91235-x. PMID 12991568.
• Dukes CE (1953). "Infected urine". British Medical Journal. 2 (4848): 1262–4. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4848.1262. PMC 2030259. PMID 13106406.
• Dukes CE, Cooke WT, Butler EC (1953). "Discussion on intestinal granulomata and reticuloses". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 46 (2): 65–74. PMC 1918509. PMID 13037706.
• Dukes CE (1954). "The surgical pathology of ulcerative colitis". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 14 (6): 389–400. PMC 2377747. PMID 13159102.
• Dukes CE, Lockhart-Mummery HE (1955). "Familial intestinal polyposis". The Surgical Clinics of North America (Nationwide No): 1277–81. PMID 13267705.
• Dukes CE (1956). "Pathology of precancerous lesions of the colon and rectum". Gastroenterologia. 86 (3): 336–7. doi:10.1159/000200579. PMID 13384617.
• Dukes CE, Galvin C (1956). "Colloid carcinoma arising within fistulae in the anorectal region". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 18 (4): 246–61. PMC 2377997. PMID 13314520.
• Lockhart-Mummery HE, Dukes CE, Bussey HJ (1956). "The surgical treatment of familial polyposis of the colon". The British Journal of Surgery. 43 (181): 476–81. doi:10.1002/bjs.18004318105. PMID 13316034.
• Allen MJ, Boyland E, Dukes CE, Horning ES, Watson JG (1957). "Cancer of the urinary bladder induced in mice with metabolites of aromatic amines and tryptophan". British Journal of Cancer. 11 (2): 212–28. doi:10.1038/bjc.1957.29. PMC 2073743. PMID 13460145.
• Dukes CE (1957). "Behind the scenes in urology; president's address". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 50 (5): 355–62. PMC 1889307. PMID 13431895.
• Dukes CE (1957). "Discussion on major surgery in carcinoma of the rectum with or without colostomy, excluding the anal canal and including the rectosigmoid: general results of surgical treatment". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 50 (12): 1031–5. PMC 1889487. PMID 13494507.
• Dukes CE (1957). "The history of St. Peter's Hospital for Stone, London". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 50 (3): 161–4. PMC 1889122. PMID 13420156.
• Dukes CE, Lockhart-Mummery HE (1957). "Practical points in the pathology and surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis: a critical review". The British Journal of Surgery. 45 (189): 25–36. doi:10.1002/bjs.18004518907. PMID 13510654.
• Dukes CE (1958). "Cancer control in familial polyposis of the colon". Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1 (6): 413–23. doi:10.1007/BF02633407. PMID 13609489.
• Dukes CE, Bussey HJ (1958). "The spread of rectal cancer and its effect on prognosis". British Journal of Cancer. 12 (3): 309–20. doi:10.1038/bjc.1958.37. PMC 2073915. PMID 13596482.
• Dukes CE (1959). "Our benefactors". Transactions of the Medical Society of London. 75: 174–93. PMID 13849654.
• Dukes CE (1959). "Frederick Salmon: Founder of St. Mark's Hospital, London". Medical History. 3 (4): 312–6. doi:10.1017/s0025727300024819. PMC 1034506. PMID 13818539.
• Dukes CE (1959). "The etiology of cancer of the colon and rectum". Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1007/BF02616616. PMID 13639809.
• Dukes CE (1960). "London medical societies in the eighteenth century". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 53: 699–706. PMC 1871274. PMID 13724882.
• Dukes CE (1961). "Clues to the causes of cancer of the kidney". Lancet. 2 (7213): 1157–63. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(61)90839-x. PMID 13888312.
• Boyland E, Dukes CE, Grover PL, Mitchley BC (1962). "The induction of renal tumors by feeding lead acetate to rats". British Journal of Cancer. 16 (2): 283–8. doi:10.1038/bjc.1962.33. PMC 2070923. PMID 13872194.
• Dukes CE, Mitchley BC (1962). "Polyvinyl sponge implants: experimental and clinical observations". British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 15: 225–35. doi:10.1016/S0007-1226(62)80036-8. PMID 13888311.
• Birbeck MS, Dukes CE (1963). "Electron microscopy of rectal neoplasms". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 56: 793–7. PMC 1897223. PMID 14080069.
• Bloom HJ, Baker WH, Dukes CE, Mitchley BC (1963). "Hormone-dependent tumours of the kidney. II. Effect of endocrine ablation procedures on the transplanted oestrogen-induced renal tumour of the syrian hamster". British Journal of Cancer. 17 (4): 646–56. doi:10.1038/bjc.1963.82. PMC 2071238. PMID 14111601.
• Bloom HJ, Dukes CE, Mitchley BC (1963). "Hormone-dependent tumours of the kidney. I. The oestrogen-induced renal tumour of the syrian hamster. Hormone treatment and possible relationship to carcinoma of the kidney in man". British Journal of Cancer. 17 (4): 611–45. doi:10.1038/bjc.1963.81. PMC 2071229. PMID 14111600.
• Boyland E, Dukes CE, Grover PL (1963). "Carcinogenicity of 2-naphthylhydroxylamine and 2-naphthylamine". British Journal of Cancer. 17 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1038/bjc.1963.12. PMC 2071273. PMID 14014726.
• Boyland E, BUSBY ER, Dukes CE, Grover PL, Manson D (1964). "Further experiments on implantation of materials into the urinary bladder of mice". British Journal of Cancer. 13 (3): 575–81. doi:10.1038/bjc.1964.66. PMC 2071086. PMID 14219552.
• Dukes CE (1964). "The control of precancerous conditions of the colon and rectum". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 90: 630–5. PMC 1922395. PMID 14129490.
• Haddow A, Roe FJ, Dukes CE, MITCHLEY BC (1964). "Cadmium neoplasia: sarcomata at the site of injection of cadmium sulphate in rats and mice". British Journal of Cancer. 18 (4): 667–73. doi:10.1038/bjc.1964.76. PMC 2071167. PMID 14264930.
• Roe FJ, Dukes CE, Cameron KM, Pugh RC, Mitchley BC (1964). "Cadmium neoplasia: testicular atrophy and leydig cell hyperplasia and neoplasia in rats and mice following the subcutaneous injection of cadmium salts". British Journal of Cancer. 18 (4): 674–81. doi:10.1038/bjc.1964.77. PMC 2071181. PMID 14264931.
• Roe FJ, Haddow A, Dukes CE, Mitchley B (1964). "Iron-dextran carcinogenesis in rats: effect of distributing injected material between one, two, four, or six sites". British Journal of Cancer. 18 (4): 801–8. doi:10.1038/bjc.1964.93. PMC 2071171. PMID 14264947.
• Brunning DA, Dukes CE (1965). "The origin and early history of the Institute Of Cancer Research Of The Royal Cancer Hospital". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 58: 33–6. PMC 1898295. PMID 14267496.
• Dukes CE (1965). "The origin and early history of The Imperial Cancer Research Fund". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 36: 325–38. PMC 2311831. PMID 14312375.
• Roe FJ, Boyland E, Dukes CE, Mitchley BC (1965). "Failure of testosterone or xanthopterin to influence the induction of renal neoplasms by lead in rats". British Journal of Cancer. 19 (4): 860–6. doi:10.1038/bjc.1965.99. PMC 2071403. PMID 5862663.
• Roe FJ, Dukes CE, Mitchley BC (1967). "Sarcomas at the site of implantation of a polyvinyl plastic sponge: incidence reduced by use of thin implants". Biochemical pharmacology. 16 (4): 647–50. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(67)90076-7. PMID 6033785.
• Roe FJ, Carter RL, Dukes CE, Mitchley BC (1968). "Non-carcinogenicity of cadmium-free ferritin". British Journal of Cancer. 22 (3): 517–20. doi:10.1038/bjc.1968.61. PMC 2008391. PMID 5681013.

See also

• Pathology
• List of pathologists

References

• "Eponyms in oncology. Cuthbert Esquire Dukes (1890-1977)". Eur J Surg Oncol. 13 (1): 77. February 1987. PMID 3545908.
• "Cuthbert E. Dukes OBE, MD, MSc, FRCS, FRCPath, DPH". J. Pathol. 126 (4): 255–6. December 1978. doi:10.1002/path.1711260409. PMID 372511.
• "Classics in oncology. Cuthbert Esquire Dukes (1890-1977)". CA Cancer J Clin. 28 (4): 247–55. 1978. doi:10.3322/canjclin.28.4.247. PMID 100184.
• "Cuthbert Esquire Dukes". Lancet. 1 (8008): 435–437. February 1977. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)95353-5. PMID 65555.

External links

• Cuthbert Dukes on the History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group website