View source for Doric Hexapolis

{{Short description|Federation of six cities of Dorian foundation}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox country
|native_name            = Δωρικὴ Ἑξάπολις
|conventional_long_name = Doric Hexapolis
|common_name            = Doric Hexapolis
|image_map              = Western Asia Minor Greek Colonization.svg
|image_map_alt          = Greek settlements in western Asia Minor, Doric area in blue
|image_map_caption      = Greek settlements in western Asia Minor, Doric area in blue
|image_map2             = Map Anatolia ancient regions-en.svg
|image_map2_alt         = Location of the Doric Hexapolis in Anatolia
|image_map2_caption     = Location of the Doric Hexapolis in Anatolia
|capital                = [[Halicarnassus]] (largest city)<br />(modern-day [[Bodrum]], [[Muğla Province|Muğla]], [[Turkey]])
|era                    = Ancient Greece
|status                 = <!-- Status: see Category list on template page -->
|status_text            = Independent city-states
|empire                 = [[Roman provinces|Roman province]] of [[Asia (Roman province)|Asia]]
|government_type        = Independent city-states
|event_start            = <!-- Default: "Established" -->
|date_start             = <!-- Optional: Date of establishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
|year_start             = {{Circa|1100 BC}}
|event_end              = <!-- Default: "Disestablished" -->
|date_end               = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
|year_end               = {{Circa|560 BC}}
}}
[[File:The ruins of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.jpg|right|thumb|The ruins of the [[Mausoleum at Halicarnassus]], one of the [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]]]
The '''Doric''' or '''Dorian Hexapolis''' ({{lang-grc-gre|Δωρικὴ Ἑξάπολις or Δωριέων Ἑξάπολις}}) was a [[federation]] of six cities of [[Dorians|Dorian]] [[Colonies in antiquity#Greek colonies|foundation]] in southwest [[Asia Minor]] and adjacent islands, largely coextensive with the region known as '''Doris''' or '''Doris in Asia''' ({{lang|grc|Δωρίς ἡ ἐν Ἀσίᾳ}}),{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} and included:

*[[Cos (city)|Cos]], on the island of [[Cos (island)|Cos]];
*[[Cnidus]] in [[Caria]];
*[[Halicarnassus]] in Caria;
*[[Lindus]], on the island of [[Rhodes]];
*[[Ialysus]] on Rhodes; and
*[[Camirus]] on Rhodes.

The members of this ''hexapolis'' celebrated a festival, with games, on the [[Triopian promontory]] near Cnidus, in honour of the Triopian [[Apollo]]; the prizes in those games were brazen tripods, which the victors had to dedicate in the [[Greek temple|temple]] of Apollo; and Halicarnassus was struck out of the league, because one of her citizens carried the tripod to his own house before dedicating it in the temple of Apollo. The ''hexapolis'' thus became the [[Doric Pentapolis]]. ([[Herodotus|Herod.]] i. 144.)

[[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] (v. 28) says, ''Caria mediae Doridi circumfunditur ad mare utroque latere ambiens'', by which he means that Doris is surrounded by [[Caria]] on all sides, except where it is bordered by the sea. He makes Doris begin at [[Cnidus]]. In the bay of Doris he places [[Leucopolis]], [[Hamaxitus (Caria)|Hamaxitus]], ''etc.'' An attempt has been made among scholars to ascertain which of two bays Pliny calls ''Doridis Sinus'', the more probable being the [[Ceramic Gulf]]. This Doris of Pliny is the country occupied by the Dorians, which [[Thucydides]] (ii. 9) indicates, not by the name of the country, but of the people: Dorians, neighbours of the Carians. [[Ptolemy]] (v. 2) makes Doris a division of his [[Asia]], and places in it [[Halicarnassus]], [[Ceramus]], and [[Cnidus]]. The term Doris, applied to a part of Asia, does not appear to occur in other writers.

In the ''[[Digest (Roman law)|Digesta seu Pandectae]]'' (533), the second volume of the [[Corpus Juris Civilis|codification of laws ordered]] by [[Justinian I]] (527–565) of the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]], a [[legal opinion]] written by the [[Roman law|Roman jurist]] [[Julius Paulus|Paulus]] at the beginning of the [[Crisis of the Third Century]] in 235 AD  was included about the ''[[List of Roman laws|Lex Rhodia]]'' ("Rhodian law") that articulates the [[General average|general average principle]] of marine insurance established on the island of [[Rhodes]] in approximately 1000 to 800 BC as a member of the Doric Hexapolis, plausibly by the [[Phoenicia|Phoenicians]] during the proposed [[Dorian invasion]] and emergence of the purported [[Sea Peoples]] during the [[Greek Dark Ages]] ({{Circa|1100|750}}) that led to the proliferation of the [[Doric Greek]] [[Ancient Greek dialects|dialect]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Civil Law, Volume I, The Opinions of Julius Paulus, Book II|year=1932|translator-first=S.P.|translator-last=Scott|publisher=Central Trust Company|website=[[Constitution Society|Constitution.org]]|url=https://constitution.org/2-Authors/sps/sps01_4-2.htm|quote=TITLE VII. ON THE LEX RHODIA. It is provided by the ''Lex Rhodia'' that if merchandise is thrown overboard for the purpose of lightening a ship, the loss is made good by the assessment of all which is made for the benefit of all.|access-date=June 16, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Prudential pp. 5–6">{{cite book|year=1915|title=The Documentary History of Insurance, 1000 B.C.–1875 A.D.|publisher=[[Prudential Financial|Prudential Press]]|place=[[Newark, New Jersey|Newark, NJ]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924030231736/page/n7/mode/2up 5–6]|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924030231736/mode/2up|access-date=June 15, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Duhaime">{{cite web |url=http://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-383/Lex-Rhodia-The-Ancient-Ancestor-of-Maritime-Law-800--BC.aspx |title=Duhaime's Timetable of World Legal History |work=Duhaime's Law Dictionary |access-date=April 9, 2016 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195657/http://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-383/Lex-Rhodia-The-Ancient-Ancestor-of-Maritime-Law-800--BC.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> The law of general average constitutes the fundamental [[principle]] that underlies all [[insurance]].<ref name="Prudential pp. 5–6" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{SmithDGRG|title=Doris}}

{{coord|37|28|dim:200km|display=title}}
{{Ancient kingdoms in Anatolia}}
{{Historical regions of Anatolia}}
{{Ancient Greece topics}}

[[Category:Doric Hexapolis| ]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 12th century BC]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 6th century BC]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey]]
[[Category:Historical regions of Anatolia]]
[[Category:Caria]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek geography]]
[[Category:Ancient Greeks in Caria]]
[[Category:Greek Anatolia]]
[[Category:Greek city-state federations]]