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{{Infobox_University
|name = Duke University
|latin_name = Universitas Dukiana
|image_name = Duke shield.PNG
|image_size = 125px
|motto =''Eruditio et Religio''<br/>("Knowledge and Faith")
|mottoeng =
|established = 1838<br/>{{nowrap|(Duke University from 1924)}}
|former_names = {{nowrap|Brown School (1838)}}<br/>{{nowrap|Union Institute (1841)}}<br/>{{nowrap|Normal College (1851)}}<br/>{{nowrap|Trinity College (1859)}}
|type = [[Private university|Private]]
|calendar = Semester
|Religious Affiliation = [[Methodist]]
|endowment = $5.9&nbsp;billion
|president = [[Richard H. Brodhead]]
|students = 12,991
|faculty = 2,730
|undergrad = 6,247
|postgrad = 6,744
|city = [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]]
|state = [[North Carolina]]
|country = [[United States]]
|campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br />{{convert|8610|acre|sqkm|1|abbr=on}}
|nickname = [[Duke Blue Devils|Blue Devils]]
|athletics = [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I]] FBS<br />26 varsity teams
|colors = {{nowrap|Duke blue and white<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/faqs/duke_blue.html|title=The origin of Duke Blue|publisher=Duke University Archives|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref>}}<br/>{{color box|#00009C}} {{color box|white}}
|free_label =
|free =
|affiliations = [[Association of American Universities|AAU]], [[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]], [[United Methodist Church|UMC]]
|website = [http://www.duke.edu/ www.duke.edu]
| logo = <center>[[Image:Duke University Logo.png|91px|Logo of Duke University]]</center>
| footnotes = ''[[Latin]] text'' from university archives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/histnotes/insignia.html|title=Shield, Seal and Motto|last=King|first=William E|publisher=Duke University Archives|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref> Population data for fall 2007; financial data for [[Fiscal year|FY]]07.<ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/resources/quickfacts.html|title=Quick Facts about Duke|publisher=Duke Office of News & Communications|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref> UMC ties historic and symbolic, but governance-independent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://public.gbhem.org/iamscu/search_results.asp?act=search_gen&search_txt=DUKE+UNIVERSITY&type=schools&submit=GO|title=Duke University|publisher=IAMSCU General Board of Higher Education & Ministry|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/duke-umchh.html|title=Duke University's Relation to the Methodist Church|last=King|first=William E|publisher=Duke University Archives|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.umc.org/interior.asp?ptid=2&mid=5585|title=United Methodist schools score high in rankings|last=Gilbert|first=Kathy L|date=2004-08-31|publisher=United Methodist News Service|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref>
}}
'''Duke University''' is a [[private university|private]] [[research]] [[university]] located in [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], [[North Carolina]], [[United States]]. Founded by [[Methodism|Methodists]] and [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]] in the present-day town of [[Trinity, North Carolina|Trinity]] in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892.<ref name="king">{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/narrativehistory.html|title=Duke University: A Brief Narrative History|last=King|first=William E|publisher=Duke University Archives|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref> In 1924, tobacco industrialist [[James Buchanan Duke]] established [[The Duke Endowment]], prompting the institution to change its name in honor of his deceased father, [[Washington Duke]].

The University is organized into two [[undergraduate education|undergraduate]] and eight [[graduate school]]s. The undergraduate student body, which includes 40% racial or ethnic [[minority group|minorities]], comes from all 50 [[U.S. state]]s and 106 countries.<ref name="khan">{{cite news|url=http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2007/09/19/News/so.Far.Away.From.Home.International.Students.Find.Rifts.Freedom.At.Duke-2977643.shtml|title=So far away from home: International students find rifts, freedom at Duke|last=Khan|first=Naureen|date=2007-09-19|publisher=''The Chronicle''|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref><ref name="InternationalFigures"/> In its 2008 edition, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked the undergraduate division eighth in the nation,<ref name="USNEWS">[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php America's Best Colleges 2008]. ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', 2007. Retrieved on [[September 3]], [[2007]].</ref> while ranking the [[Duke University School of Medicine|medical]], [[Duke University School of Law|law]], and [[Fuqua School of Business|business]] schools among the top 11 in the country.<ref name="USNEWS_GRAD">[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad America's Best Graduate Schools 2007]. ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

Duke's research expenditures are among the largest 20 in the U.S. and its [[Duke Blue Devils|athletic program]] is one of the nation's elite.<ref>[http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/strategic/nav03.cfm?nav03=17498&nav02=17144&nav01=17121 Sponsored Research Expenditures]. ''Association of University Technology Managers'', 2004. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://nacda.cstv.com/directorscup/nacda-directorscup-current-scoring.html Directors Cup]. ''National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics'', 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Competing in the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]], the athletic teams have won nine [[Division I|national championships]], including three by the [[Duke Blue Devils men's basketball|men's basketball team]].

Besides academics, research, and athletics, Duke is also well known for its sizable campus and [[Gothic architecture]], especially [[Duke Chapel]]. The forests surrounding parts of the campus belie the University's proximity to downtown Durham. Duke's 8,610&nbsp;acres (35&nbsp;km²) contain three contiguous campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in [[Beaufort, North Carolina|Beaufort]]. Construction projects have updated both the freshmen-populated [[Georgian architecture|Georgian-style]] East Campus and the main Gothic-style West Campus, as well as the adjacent [[Duke University Health System|Medical Center]] over the past five years.

==History==
{{main|History of Duke University}}

===Beginnings===
[[Image:Wdukebuild.jpg|right|thumb|One of the first buildings on the original Durham campus (East Campus), the Washington Duke Building ("Old Main") was destroyed by a fire in 1911.]]

Duke started as Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school founded in 1838 in [[Randolph County, North Carolina|Randolph County]] in the present-day town of [[Trinity, North Carolina|Trinity]].<ref name="chronology">{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/chronology.html|title=A Chronology of Significant Events in Duke University's History|publisher=Duke University Archives|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref> The school was organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of [[Methodism|Methodists]] and [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]], and in 1841 North Carolina issued a charter for Union Institute Academy. The academy was renamed Normal College in 1851 and then Trinity College in 1859 because of support from the Methodist Church. <ref name="chronology"/> In 1892, Trinity moved to Durham, largely due to generosity from [[Washington Duke]] and [[Julian Carr (industrialist)|Julian S. Carr]], powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco industry.<ref name="king"/> Washington Duke gave what was then known as Trinity College a $100,000 endowment in 1896, with the stipulation that the college "open its doors to women, placing them on an equal footing with men."<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/111206/depret.html|last=Pyatt|first=Tim|date=November-December 2006|title=Retrospective: Selections from University Archives|publisher=Duke Office of Alumni Affairs|volume=92|issue=6|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref>

In 1924, Washington Duke's son, [[James Buchanan Duke|James B. Duke]], established [[The Duke Endowment]] with a $40 million ($434 million in [[inflation|2005 dollars]]) trust fund. The annual income of the fund was to be distributed to hospitals, orphanages, the Methodist Church, three colleges, and Trinity College. [[William Preston Few]], the president of Trinity College, insisted that the university be named Duke University, and James B. Duke agreed that it would be a memorial to his father.<ref name="king"/> Money from the endowment allowed the University to grow quickly. Duke's original campus (East Campus) was rebuilt from 1925 to 1927 with Georgian-style buildings. By 1930, the majority of the Gothic style buildings on the campus one mile (1.6&nbsp;km) west were completed, and construction on West Campus culminated with the completion of Duke Chapel in 1935.<ref name="king"/>[[Image:JamesDukeStatuewithChapel.jpg|left|thumb|James B. Duke established the Duke Endowment, which provides funds to numerous institutions including Duke University.]]

===Expansion and growth===
Engineering, which had been taught since 1903, became a [[Pratt School of Engineering|separate school]] in 1939. In athletics, Duke hosted and competed in the only [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]] ever played outside California in [[Wallace Wade Stadium]] in 1942.<ref name="chronology"/> Increased [[student activism|activism]] on campus during the 1960s prompted [[Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.]] to speak at the University on the civil rights movement's progress on [[November 14]] [[1964]]. The former [[governor of North Carolina]], [[Terry Sanford]], was elected president in 1969, propelling the [[Fuqua School of Business]]'s opening, the William R. Perkins library completion, and the founding of the [[Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy|Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs]]. The separate Woman's College merged back with Trinity as the [[liberal arts]] college for both men and women in 1972. Beginning in the 1970s, Duke administrators began a long-term effort to strengthen Duke's reputation both nationally and internationally. Interdisciplinary work was emphasized, as was recruiting minority faculty and students.<ref>[http://www.duke.edu/web/annualreport/interdisc.htm Duke Annual Report 2000/2001-Interdisciplinary]. ''Duke University Annual Report'', 2001. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>Rogalski, Jim. [http://inside.duke.edu/article.php?IssueID=140&ParentID=12502 Breaking the Barrier: A History of African-Americans at Duke University School of Medicine]. ''Inside DUMC'', February 20, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>Mock, Geoffrey. [http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2002/11/blackfaculty1102.html Duke's Black Faculty Initiative Reaches Goal Early]. ''Duke University Office of News and Communication'', November 21, 2002. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> [[Duke University Medical Center|Duke University Hospital]] was finished in 1980 and the student union was fully constructed two years later. In 1986, the men's [[football (soccer)|soccer]] team captured Duke's first [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] championship, and the men's [[college basketball|basketball]] team followed with championships in [[1991 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|1991]], [[1992 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|1992]].<ref name="chronology"/>

===Recent history===
[[Image:LevineScienceResearchCtr.jpg|right|thumb|The Levine Science Research Center is the largest single-site interdisciplinary research facility of any American university.<ref>[http://www.admissions.duke.edu/jump/academics/beyond research.asp Research Opportunities & Grants]. ''Duke University Admissions.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>]]

Duke University's growth and academic focus have contributed to the university's reputation as an academic and research institution. The school has regularly sent three-member teams to the [[William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition]], earning the title of the best collegiate undergraduate math team in the United States and Canada in 1993, 1996 and 2000. In nine out of the past ten years, Duke's team has finished in the top three, the only school besides [[Harvard University|Harvard]] to do so.<ref>[http://www.maa.org/awards/putnam.html The Mathematical Association of America's William Lowell Putnam Competition]. ''[[Mathematical Association of America]].'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

Construction continued on campus, with the {{convert|314000|sqft|sqm|sing=on}} [[Levine Science Research Center]] (LSRC) opening in 1994 to house [[Interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] research, and [[Construction projects at Duke University|construction]] has continued. These projects have updated both the freshmen-housed [[Georgian architecture|Georgian-style]] East Campus and the main Gothic-style West Campus, as well as the adjacent [[Duke University Medical Center|Medical Center]] in the past five years. Other projects are underway on all three campuses, including a 50- to 75-year overhaul of Central Campus, the first phase of which is expected to be completed in early 2011.<ref>Allison, Chelsea. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2008/03/05/News/Plans.For.New.Central.Shift.To.South-3252757.shtml Plans for new Central shift to south]. ''[[The Chronicle (Duke University)|The Chronicle]]'', March 5, 2008. Retrieved on [[March 5]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.duke.edu/web/centralcampus/history.html Central Campus Planning: History and Timeline]. ''Duke University: Central Campus Planning.'' Retrieved on [[March 5]], [[2008]].</ref>

In 1998, Duke President [[Nannerl Overholser Keohane|Nan Keohane]] initiated a five-year $1.5 billion Campaign for Duke fundraising effort. [[Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.]] ('47) endowed the [[Pratt School of Engineering]] with a $35 million gift in 1999. The Campaign for Duke ended in 2003 with $2.36 billion raised, making it the fifth largest campaign in the history of American higher education.<ref>[http://www.robertsonscholars.org/index.php?type=static&source=17#name7 The Campaign for Duke]. ''Robertson Scholars Program.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

In the 2004 fiscal year, research expenditures surpassed $490 million, leading to myriad important breakthroughs.<ref name="yearinreview1">[http://yearinreview.duke.edu/2003-2004/university_reports/duke_nc/index.html University Reports]. ''Duke University Office of Public Affairs.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> The first working demonstration of an [[invisibility]] cloak was unveiled by Duke researchers in October 2006.<ref>[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1148567321.html?dids=1148567321:1148567321&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+20%2C+2006&author=Los+Angeles+Times&pub=Chicago+Tribune&edition=&startpage=3&desc=Duke+researchers+unveil+%27invisibility+cloak%27+device Duke researchers unveil 'invisibility cloak' device]. ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', October 20, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> In 2005, three students were named [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]], a number only surpassed by one university. Overall, Duke is fifth among private universities in the number of Rhodes Scholars it has produced.<ref name="Rhodes">[http://www.rhodesscholar.org/ Recently Elected U.S. Rhodes Scholars]. ''Rhodes Trust.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Since 1990, 19 students have been honored with this scholarship.<ref>Willen, Liz. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=aLi7PEeNWiIk&refer=us Harvard Rhodes Scholar Factory Spurs Imitation at U.S. Colleges]. ''Bloomberg'', December 29, 2004. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

In 2006, three lacrosse team members were [[2006 Duke University lacrosse case|falsely accused of rape]]; charges against the players were later dropped, the initial prosecutor was disbarred for ethical improprieties, and the incident garnered [[Responses to the 2006 Duke University lacrosse case|significant media attention]].<ref name = "Dropping Case">{{cite news|last=Beard|first=Aaron|title=Prosecutors Drop Charges in Duke Case|publisher=Associated Press|date=2007-04-11|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/n/a/2007/04/11/national/a113721D83.DTL|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref>

==Academics==
===Profile===
[[Image:Duke Chapel 4 16 05.jpg|right|thumb|Duke Chapel, a frequent icon for the university, can seat nearly 1,600&nbsp;people and contains a 5,200-pipe organ.]]

Duke's student body consists of 6,247&nbsp;undergraduates and 6,744&nbsp;graduate and professional students (as of Fall 2007).<ref name="QuickFacts"/> The undergraduate student body, containing 40% ethnic [[minority groups|minorities]],<ref name="admissions1">[http://www.admissions.duke.edu/jump/applying/who_2010profile.asp Class of 2010 Profile]. ''Duke Admissions.'' Retrieved on [[March 4]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.admissions.duke.edu/jump/applying/who_2009profile.asp Class of 2009 Profile]. ''Duke Admissions.'' Retrieved on [[March 4]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://news.duke.edu/2008/03/admissions.html Duke's Class of 2012 Will Be Its Most Selective, Diverse — And Larger Than Expected]. ''Duke Office of News & Communication.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> come from all 50&nbsp;[[U.S. state]]s and 106&nbsp;countries (as of 2007-08).<ref name="InternationalFigures">[http://ihouse.studentaffairs.duke.edu/word/I-House%20Stats,%2007-08.pdf Duke International House Statistics, 2007-08]. ''Duke International House'', 2008. Retrieved on [[May 28]], [[2008]].</ref> For the undergraduate class of 2012, Duke received 20,337&nbsp;applications, and accepted 18% of them.<ref name="ThickEnvelopes">[http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2007/03/30/News/Duke-Sends.3770.Thick.Envelopes-2814859-page2.shtml Duke send 3,770 thick envelopes]. ''The Chronicle'', March 30, 2007. Retrieved on [[April 15]], [[2007]].</ref> For the class of 2012, 96% of admitted students ranked in the top 10% of their high school class. The average [[SAT]] score was 1490 (old scale) or 2210 (new scale), and the [[ACT (examination)|ACT]] average was 32.<ref>[http://www.admissions.duke.edu/jump/applying/who_2010profile.asp Class of 2010 Profile]. ''Duke Admissions.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2006/03/admissions.html Duke Mails Admissions Decisions to More than 19,000 Applicants for the Class Of 2010]. ''Duke News & Communications.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>Dagger, Jacob. [http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/010206/crop1.html Top of the Crop]. ''Duke Magazine'', February 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> In 2007 the [[Duke University School of Medicine|School of Medicine]] received 5,076&nbsp;applicants for 100&nbsp;spots (2.0% of applicants), while the average [[GPA]] and [[MCAT]] scores for accepted students were 3.88 and 36, respectively.<ref>[http://www.admissionhub.com/medical.php?q=Duke%20University%20School%20of%20Medicine Duke University School of Medicine]. ''Admission Hub,'' 2007. Retrieved on [[December 9]], [[2007]].</ref> The [[Duke University School of Law|School of Law]] accepted approximately 21% of its applicants for the class of 2010, while enrolling students had a median GPA of 3.74 and median [[LSAT]] of 169.<ref>[http://www.law.duke.edu/admis/classprofile Class Profiles.] ''Duke Law Admissions,'' 2007. Retrieved on [[December 9]], [[2007]].</ref>

Duke University has two schools for undergraduates: [[Trinity College of Arts and Sciences]] and [[Pratt School of Engineering]].<ref name="admissions1"/> The University's graduate and professional schools include the [[Graduate School of Duke University|Graduate School]], the [[Pratt School of Engineering]], the [[Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences]], the [[Duke University School of Medicine|School of Medicine]], the [[Duke University School of Nursing|School of Nursing]], the [[Fuqua School of Business]], the [[Duke University School of Law|School of Law]], and the [[Duke Divinity School|Divinity School]].<ref>[http://www.duke.edu/ Duke homepage - Schools tab]. ''Duke University.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

In the past decade, Duke has had the sixth highest number of [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright]], [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes]], [[Truman Scholars|Truman]], and [[Barry Goldwater#Goldwater Scholarship|Goldwater]] scholarships in the nation among private universities.<ref name="Rhodes">[http://www.rhodesscholar.org/ Recently Elected U.S. Rhodes Scholars]. ''The Rhodes Trust.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://trust.gatesscholar.org/scholars2007/zou.asp|title= Duke Gates Scholar 2007|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070306071512/http://trust.gatesscholar.org/scholars2007/zou.asp |archivedate=2007-03-06}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2005/09/fulbright05.html Twenty-two Duke Graduates, Grad Students Receive Fulbright Scholarships]. ''Duke News & Communications'', September 26, 2005. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/1996/03/22/UndefinedSection/Trinity.Juniors.Receive.Truman.Scholarships-1442057.shtml|title=Trinity Juniors receive Truman scholarships|last=Dunning|first=Denise|date=1996-03-22|publisher=''The Chronicle''|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref> The University practices [[need-blind admission]]s and meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated need. More than 40% of students in 2007–08 received financial aid, with the average [[grant (money)|grant]] being $26,700.<ref name="ExpandFinAid">[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2007/12/financialaid.html Duke Expands Financial Aid For Lower- And Middle-Class Families]. ''Duke News & Communications,'' December 7, 2007. Retrieved on [[December 9]], [[2007]].</ref> Roughly 60&nbsp;merit-based scholarships are also offered, many of which are geared toward students in North Carolina, African-American students, and high achieving students requiring financial aid.<ref>[http://dukefinancialaid.duke.edu/prospect_statistics.html Financial Aid Statistics]. ''Duke Financial Aid.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

Duke University's [[financial endowment|endowment]] was valued at [[United States dollar|US $]]5.9&nbsp;[[1000000000 (number)|billion]] in 2007.<ref name="QuickFacts" /> The University's special academic facilities include an [[Nasher Museum of Art|art museum]], several language labs, the Duke Forest, the Duke Herbarium, a [[Duke Lemur Center|lemur center]], a [[phytotron]], a [[free electron laser]], a [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] machine, a [[nuclear engineering|nuclear]] lab, and a marine lab. Duke also is a leading participant in the [[Lambda rail network|National Lambda Rail Network]] and runs a program for gifted children known as the [[Talent Identification Program]], or TIP.<ref>[http://www.cisl.ucar.edu/news/04/features/0630.nlr.html UCAR joins National Lambda Rail]. ''SCD News.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.tip.duke.edu/summer_programs/ Duke Tip - Summer Programs]. ''Duke TIP.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref>
[[Image:BostockLibrary.jpg|thumb|left|Entrance to Duke's Bostock Library, which opened in the fall of 2005]]

===Undergraduate===
{{see also|Degree programs at Duke University}}
Duke offers 36 arts and sciences [[academic major|majors]], five engineering majors, and 46 additional majors that have been approved under Program II, which allows students to design their own interdisciplinary major. Sixteen certificate programs also are available. Students may pursue a combination of a total of up to three majors/minors/certificates. Eighty percent of undergraduates enroll in the [[Trinity College of Arts and Sciences]], while the rest are in the [[Pratt School of Engineering]].<ref>[http://www.pratt.duke.edu/about/ About Pratt]. ''[[Pratt School of Engineering]].'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

Trinity's [[curriculum]] operates under the revised version of "Curriculum 2000".<ref name="Curr2000">[http://www.aas.duke.edu/admin/curriculum2000/report.html Curriculum 2000: Index of the Report]. ''Duke University.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> It ensures that students are exposed to a variety of "areas of knowledge" and "modes of inquiry." The curriculum aims to help students develop critical faculties and judgment by learning how to access, synthesize, and communicate knowledge effectively, acquiring perspective on current and historical events, conducting research and solving problems, and developing tenacity and a capacity for hard and sustained work.<ref name="Curr2000">[http://www.aas.duke.edu/admin/curriculum2000/report.html Curriculum 2000: Index of the Report]. ''Duke University.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> In addition, freshmen can elect to participate in the [[FOCUS Program]], which allows students to engage in an interdisciplinary exploration of a specific topic in a small group setting.<ref>[http://focus.duke.edu/introduction/ Focus: Introduction: What is Focus?]. ''Duke University.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

Pratt's curriculum, on the other hand, is narrower in scope, but still accommodates double majors in a variety of disciplines. The school emphasizes undergraduate research&mdash;opportunities for hands-on experiences arise through [[internship]]s, [[scholarship|fellowship]] programs, and the structured curriculum. Furthermore, for the class of 2007, more than 27% of Pratt undergraduates [[study abroad|studied abroad]],<ref>[http://www.pratt.duke.edu/undergraduates/degrees.php?ref=highschool Degrees Offered at Pratt]. ''Pratt School of Engineering.'' Retrieved on [[May 1]], [[2007]].</ref> small compared to the percentage for Trinity undergraduates (46%), but much larger than the national average for engineering students (1.5%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aas.duke.edu/study_abroad/statistics/statistics.html |title= Duke Study Abroad Statistics |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070628080052/http://www.aas.duke.edu/study_abroad/statistics/statistics.html |archivedate=2007-06-28}}. ''[[Trinity College of Arts and Sciences]].'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.pratt.duke.edu/students/index.php Pratt Students]{{dead link|url=http://www.pratt.duke.edu/students/index.php|date=May 2008}}. ''Pratt School of Engineering.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>Loftus, Margaret. [http://www.prism-magazine.org/jan06/tt_01.cfm A Broader Perspective]. ''American Society for Engineering Education'', January 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind96/ch2_undr.htm Undergraduate Science and Engineering Students and Degrees]. ''[[National Science Foundation]].'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

===Research===
[[Image:AllenBuilding.jpg|thumb|right|The Allen Building, opened in 1954, is home to many of the university's top-level administrative offices.]]

Duke University’s research expenditures topped $490 million in 2004.<ref name="yearinreview1"/> In the 2005 fiscal year, Duke University Medical Center received the fifth-largest amount of funding from the [[National Institute of Health]], netting $349.8 million. Duke's funding increased 14.8% from 2004, representing the largest growth of any top-20 recipient.<ref>McGowan, Jasten. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2006/09/08/News/Med-Center.Nets.350m.In.Nih.Gifts-2263160.shtml?sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com Med Center nets $350M in NIH gifts]. ''The Chronicle'', September 8, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Throughout history, Duke researchers have made several important breakthroughs, including the [[biomedical engineering]] department's development of the world's first real-time, three-dimensional [[ultrasound]] diagnostic system and the first engineered [[blood vessel]]s.<ref>[http://www.bme.duke.edu/research/ Research Duke BME]. ''Pratt School of Engineering.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> In the [[mechanical engineering]] department, [[Adrian Bejan]] developed the [[constructal theory]], which explains the shapes that arise in nature. Duke has pioneered studies involving [[nonlinear dynamics]], [[chaos]], and complex systems in [[physics]]. In May 2006, Duke researchers mapped the final human [[chromosome]], which made world news as the [[Human Genome Project]] was finally complete.<ref name="Genome">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4994088.stm Final genome 'chapter' published]. ''BBC News.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Reports of Duke researchers' involvement in new [[AIDS]] [[vaccine]] research surfaced in June 2006.<ref>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/45010.php AIDS Vaccine Research Offers New Insights On Survival]. ''[[Medical News Today]]'', June 13, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> The biology department combines two historically strong programs in [[botany]] and [[zoology]], while the divinity school's leading theologian is ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'''s 2001 "America's Best Theologian", [[Stanley Hauerwas]].<ref>Elshtain, Jean Bethke. [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/americasbest/TIME/society.culture/pro.shauerwas.html CNN/Time - America's Best]. ''Time.'' Retrieved on [[May 30]], [[2007]].</ref> The graduate program in literature boasts several internationally renowned figures, including [[Fredric Jameson]],<ref>[http://fds.duke.edu/db/aas/Romance/faculty/jameson Fredric Jameson, William A. Lane Professor of Comparative Literature and Romance Studies]. ''Duke University.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> [[Michael Hardt]],<ref>Vulliamy, Ed. [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,,522001,00.html The Observer Profile: Michael Hardt]. ''[[The Observer]],'' [[July 15]], [[2001]]. Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> and [[Alice Kaplan]],<ref>[http://fds.duke.edu/db/aas/Romance/faculty/alice.kaplan Alice Kaplan, Professor of Romance Studies, Literature, and History; French]. ''Duke University.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> while philosophers Robert Brandon and [[Lakatos Award]]-winner [[Alexander Rosenberg]] make Duke a leading center for research in [[philosophy of biology]].<ref>[http://www.duke.edu/philosophy/bio/people.html Center for Philosophy of Biology]. ''Duke University.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[Image:OldChem.jpg|left|thumb|Built in 1932, Old Chemistry has carved scientific symbols above the main doorway.]]

===Rankings===
In the 2008 ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranking of undergraduate programs at doctoral granting institutions, Duke ranked eighth.<ref name=USNEWS>[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php America's Best Colleges 2007]. ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', 2006. Retrieved on [[September 3]], [[2007]].</ref> In the past decade, ''U.S. News'' has placed Duke as high as third and as low as eighth.<ref>[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2006/08/usnews.html Duke Places Eighth in U.S. News Ranking]. ''Duke University News & Communications'', August 18, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Duke was ranked the 13th-best university in the world in 2007 by the ''[[THES - QS World University Rankings]]''.<ref>Wang, Eugene. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2007/11/13/News/Duke-Stays.13.In.Thes.Rankings-3096978.shtml Duke stays 13th in THES rankings]. ''The Chronicle'', November 13, 2007. Retrieved on [[November 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/worlduniversityrankings/ THES - QS World University Rankings]. ''QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited,'' 2007. Retrieved on [[November 13]], [[2007]].</ref> Duke was ranked 32nd globally and 24th nationally by [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]] in 2005 in terms of quality of scientific research and number of Nobel Prizes.<ref name="shanghai">[http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2005/ARWU2005_Top100.htm Top 500 World Universities]. ''[[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]].'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' ranked Duke sixth (fifth among universities) in its "feeder" rankings in 2006, analyzing the percentage of undergraduates that enroll in what it considers the top five medical, law, and business schools.<ref>SenGupta, Neal. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2006/09/04/News/Duke-Still.Step.Below.Top.Schools-2255803-page2.shtml?sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com Duke still step below top schools]. ''The Chronicle'', September 4, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> A survey by the ''Journal of Blacks in Higher Education'' in 2002 ranked Duke as the best university in the country in regard to the integration of African American students and faculty.<ref>[http://www.jbhe.com/features/36_leading_universities.html Ranking America's Leading Universities on Their Success in Integrating African Americans]. ''The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education'', 2002. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

In ''U.S. News & World Report'''s "America's Best Graduate Schools 2009," Duke's [[Duke University School of Medicine|medical school]] ranked 6th for research and tied for 41st for [[primary care]], while the [[Duke University School of Law|law school]] ranked 10th.<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Top Medical Schools - Research]. ''U.S. News & World Report'', 2008. Retrieved on [[April 16]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Top Medical Schools - Primary]. The Duke University Physician Assistant Program, the first of its kind when it began in 1965, also ranked first in the publication for physician assistant programs. ''U.S. News & World Report'', 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Top Law Schools]. ''U.S. News & World Report'', 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Among business schools in the United States, the [[Fuqua School of Business]] was ranked 12th by ''U.S. News'' in 2007 and 9th by ''[[BusinessWeek]]'' in 2006.<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Top Business Schools]. ''U.S. News & World Report'', 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/06/full_time.htm 2006 Full-Time MBA Program Rankings]. ''BusinessWeek.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> The graduate program for the [[Pratt School of Engineering]] was ranked 30th by ''U.S. News'' and 2nd by ''[[The Princeton Review]]'' in 2006 among national engineering schools.<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Top Engineering Schools]. ''U.S. News & World Report'', 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cpwire.com/artman/publish/article_1405.asp |title= The Princeton Review Releases Its First-Ever Ranking of the Nation's Top Graduate Engineering Programs |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061021192438/http://www.cpwire.com/artman/publish/article_1405.asp |archivedate=2006-10-21}}. ''The Princeton Review and Collegiate Presswire'', September 25, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> In the rankings of doctoral programs by ''U.S. News & World Report'' in its 2008 edition, Duke ranked 1st in [[literary criticism]] and [[critical theory|theory]],<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: English Specialties]. ''U.S. News & World Report.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> 5th in [[ecology]] and [[evolutionary biology]],<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Biological Sciences Specialties: Ecology/Evolutionary Biology (subscription required)]. ''U.S. News & World Report.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> 5th in [[biomedical engineering]],<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Engineering Specialties: Biomedical/Bioengineering (subscription required)]. ''U.S. News & World Report.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> tied for 12th for doctoral programs in the [[sciences]], tied for 21st in [[mathematics]],<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Mathematics (Ph.D.) (subscription required)]. ''U.S. News & World Report.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> tied for 25th in [[computer science]],<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Computer Science (Ph.D.) (subscription required)]. ''U.S. News & World Report.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> tied for 29th in [[physics]],<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Physics (Ph.D.) (subscription required)]. ''U.S. News & World Report.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> and ranked 38th in [[chemistry]].<ref>[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/grad Chemistry (Ph.D.) (subscription required)]. ''U.S. News & World Report.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[Political science]],<ref>McCormick, James M. & Rice, Tom W. [http://appl003.lsu.edu/artsci/polisci.nsf/$Content/Research+Highlights/$file/McCormick&RicePS2001.pdf Graduate Training and Research Productivity in the 1990s: A Look at Who Publishes]. ''PSOnline,'' 2001. Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> [[sociology]], [[history]], [[economics]], and [[cultural anthropology]] departments also frequently rank in the top 20 of their respective disciplines among U.S. universities.<ref name="otherranks">[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2005/03/usnews0305.html Duke University Graduate, Professional Schools Rank High in Latest U.S. News Survey]. ''Duke Office of News & Communication,'' February 28, 2005. Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> [[Philosophical Gourmet Report|The Philosophical Gourmet Report]] placed Duke's philosophy program as the 27th best in the nation in 2006,<ref>[http://www.philosophicalgourmetreport.com/overall.asp The Philosophical Gourmet Report 2006-2008 :: Overall Rankings]. ''The Philosophical Gourmet Report'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> while ranking Duke as the best program in the U.S. in [[philosophy of biology]].<ref>[http://www.philosophicalgourmetreport.com/breakdown/breakdown15.asp The Philosophical Gourmet Report 2006-2008 :: Breakdown :: Philosophy of Biology]. ''The Philosophical Gourmet Report'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

==Campus==
[[Image:Divinitychapelduke.jpg|right|thumb|Part of the Divinity School addition, Goodson Chapel]]
Duke University owns 220 buildings on 8,611&nbsp;acres (35&nbsp;km²) of land, which includes the 7,200&nbsp;acre (29&nbsp;km²) Duke Forest.<ref name="QuickFacts">[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/resources/quickfacts.html#admin Quick Facts About Duke]. ''Duke News & Communications.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref> The campus is divided into four main areas: West, East, and Central campuses, and the Medical Center. All the campuses are connected via a free bus service that runs frequently throughout the week. On the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast in [[Beaufort, North Carolina|Beaufort]], Duke owns 15&nbsp;acres as part of its Marine Lab. One of the major public attractions on the Duke Campus is the 55&nbsp;acre [[Sarah P. Duke Gardens]], established in the 1930s.<ref name="QuickFacts">[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/resources/quickfacts.html#admin Quick Facts About Duke]. ''Duke News & Communications.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

Duke students often refer to the campus as "the Gothic Wonderland," a nickname referring to the [[Gothic revival]] architecture of West Campus.<ref>[http://www.aas.duke.edu/reg/synopsis/view.cgi?s=89&action=display&subj=WRITING&course=20&sem=1115 C2005 Fall WRITING 20-89]. ''Duke Online Course Synopsis Handbook.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Much of the campus was designed by [[Julian Abele]], one of the first prominent [[African American]] [[architect]]s.<ref>[http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/histnotes/julian_abele.html Julian Abele, Architect]. ''Duke University Archives.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref> The residential quadrangles are of an early and somewhat unadorned design, while the buildings in the academic quadrangles show influences of the more elaborate late [[France|French]] and [[Italy|Italian]] styles. Its freshman campus (East Campus) is composed of buildings in the [[Georgian architecture]] style.<ref name="QuickFacts">[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/resources/quickfacts.html#admin Quick Facts About Duke]. ''Duke News & Communications.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

The stone used for the West Campus has seven [[primary colors]] and 17 shades of color. The university supervisor of planning and construction wrote that the stone has "an older, more attractive antique effect" and a "warmer and softer coloring than the [[Princeton University|Princeton stone]]" that gave the university an "artistic look".<ref name="DukeStone">King, William E. [http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/ DukeStone]. ''Duke University Historical Notes.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> James B. Duke initially suggested the use of stone from a quarry in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[New Jersey]], but later amended the plans to use stone from a local quarry in [[Hillsborough, North Carolina|Hillsborough]] to reduce costs.<ref name="DukeStone">King, William E. [http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/ DukeStone]. ''Duke University Historical Notes.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> [[Duke Chapel]] stands at the heart of West Campus. Constructed from 1930 to 1935, the chapel seats 1,600 people; and, at 210&nbsp;feet (64&nbsp;m), is one of the tallest buildings in [[Durham County, North Carolina|Durham County]].<ref>[http://www.divinity.duke.edu/about/setting/ Duke Divinity School - Overview]. ''Duke Divinity School.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

As of [[November 1]] [[2005]], Duke had spent $835 million dollars on 34 major construction projects initiated since February 2001.<ref>Mueller, Jared. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2005/11/01/News/Campus.Reaps.Benefits.Of.Facilities.Boom-1475396.shtml?norewrite200606062202&sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com Campus reaps benefits of facilities boom.] ''The Chronicle Online'', November 1, 2005. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> At that time, Duke initiated a five-year strategic plan, "Building on Excellence." Completed projects since 2002 include major additions to the business, law, nursing, and divinity schools, a new library, an art museum, a football training facility, two residential buildings, an engineering complex, a public policy building, an eye institute, two genetic research buildings, a student plaza, the [[Melinda French Gates|French Family]] Science Center, and two new medical-research buildings.<ref>Dagger, Jacob. [http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/030406/building1.html Stones, Bricks, and Mortar: Building for Success]. ''Duke Magazine'', March-April 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[Image:PerkinsLibrary.jpg|left|thumb|The Gothic Reading Room of Perkins Library]]
===Libraries and museums===
With more than 5.5 million [[book#Collections of books|volumes]], the Duke University Library System is one of the ten largest private university library systems in the U.S.<ref>[http://www.ala.org/ala/alalibrary/libraryfactsheet/alalibraryfactsheet22.cfm The Nation's Largest Libraries]. ''[[American Library Association]]'', August 2005. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> It contains 17.7 million [[manuscript]]s, 1.2 million public documents, and tens of thousands of [[film]]s and [[video]]s. Besides the main William R. Perkins Library, the university also contains the separately administered Ford ([[business]]), [[Divinity|Divinity School]], [[Law|Duke Law]], and [[Medicine|Medical Center]] Libraries.<ref>[http://library.duke.edu/about/ About Duke Libraries]. ''Duke University Libraries.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

The William R. Perkins Library system has 11 branches on campus. In addition to Perkins Library, the system contains the [[Biology|Biological]] & [[Environmental Science]] Library, Bostock Library, the [[Chemistry]] Library, the Library Service Center, Lilly Library (which houses materials on [[fine arts]], [[philosophy]], film & video, and [[performing arts]]), the [[Music]] Library, Pearse Memorial Library (located at the [[Marine biology|Marine]] Lab), and Vesic Library (collection focuses on engineering, mathematics, and physics). The University [[Archives]] and Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections are also considered part of the Perkins Library system.<ref>[http://library.duke.edu/about/libraries/index.html Duke Libraries]. ''Duke University Libraries.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[Image:NasherMuseum.jpg|thumb|right|Nasher Museum of Art cost $23 million to build.]]

Bostock Library, named for Board of Trustee member [[Roy J. Bostock]], opened in the fall of 2005 as part of the University's strategic plan to supplement Duke's libraries. It contains 87 study carrels, 517 seats, and 96 computer stations, as well as 72,996 linear feet of shelving for overflow books from Perkins Library as well as for new collections.<ref>[http://library.duke.edu/about/perkinsproject/bostock.html The Bostock Library]. ''Duke University Libraries.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[Nasher Museum of Art]] opened in the fall of 2005, replacing the undersized Duke University Museum of Art (DUMA). The museum, designed by [[Rafael Vinoly|Rafael Viñoly]] and named for Duke alumnus and art collector [[Raymond Nasher]], contains over 13,000 pieces of art, including works by [[Andy Warhol]], [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]], and [[Pablo Picasso]].<ref>[http://www.nasher.duke.edu/ Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University]. ''Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

===West, East, and Central Campuses===
West Campus, the heart of Duke University, houses all the sophomores, along with some juniors and seniors.<ref name="RLHSHousing">[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/housing/index.html RLHS: Housing]. ''Duke Residence Life and Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> In addition, most of the academic and administrative centers reside there. "Main" West Campus, with [[Duke Chapel]] at its center, contains the majority of residential quads to the south, while the main academic quad, library, and [[Duke University Medical Center|Medical Center]] are to the north. The campus, spanning {{convert|720|acre|km²}}, includes Science Drive, which consists of science and engineering buildings. Most of the campus eateries and sports facilities including the historic basketball stadium, [[Cameron Indoor Stadium]], are on West.<ref name="QuickFacts">[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/resources/quickfacts.html#admin Quick Facts About Duke]. ''Duke News & Communications.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://map.duke.edu/building.php?bid=7743&picID=001 Cameron Indoor Stadium]. ''Duke University.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>
{|style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|[[Image:DukeWest360.jpg|center|600px|thumb|The main West Campus is dominated by Gothic architecture. Shown here are typical residence halls.]]<!--changed standard sizing due to unusual picture dimensions-->
|}
East Campus, the original location of Duke University,<ref name="EastCamp">{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/lilly/about/eastcampus.html|title=East Campus: History of East Campus|accessmonthday=June 21|accessyear=2007}}</ref> functions as a freshman campus as well as the home of several academic departments. Since the 1995-96 academic year, all freshmen&mdash;and only freshmen except for upperclassmen serving as Resident Assistants&mdash;have lived on East Campus, to build class unity. The campus encompasses 97&nbsp;acres and is 1.5&nbsp;miles (2.4&nbsp;km) away from West Campus.<ref name="QuickFacts">[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/resources/quickfacts.html#admin Quick Facts About Duke]. ''Duke News & Communications.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref> The [[Art History]], [[History]], [[Literature]], Music, [[Philosophy]], and [[Women's Studies]] Departments are housed on East. Programs such as [[dance]], [[drama]], [[education]], [[film]], and the University [[Writing]] Program also reside on East. East Campus, a fully self-sufficient campus, contains the freshman dormitories, a dining hall, Lilly Library, Baldwin Auditorium, a theater, Brodie Gym, tennis courts, and several academic buildings. Separated from downtown by a short walk, the area was the site of the Women's College from 1930 to 1972.<ref name="EastCamp">{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/lilly/about/eastcampus.html|title=East Campus: History of East Campus|accessmonthday=June 21|accessyear=2007}}</ref>
{|style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|[[Image:EastCampusPanorama.jpg|600px|center|thumb|East Campus, home to all Duke freshmen, features Georgian architecture. Baldwin Auditorium can be seen on the right side.]]<!--changed standard sizing due to unusual picture dimensions-->
|}

Central Campus, consisting of {{convert|122|acre|km²}} between East and West campuses, houses around 850 juniors and seniors and 200 [[profession]]al students in [[apartment]]s.<ref name="CentralCampus">[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/communities/quad/central.html Central Campus]. ''Duke Residence Life & Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref> It is home to the [[Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University|Nasher Museum of Art]], the Freeman Center for [[Jew]]ish Life, the Duke Police Department, the Duke Office of [[Disability]] Management, a [[Ronald McDonald House]], and administrative departments such as Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Central has several recreation and social facilities such as basketball courts, tennis courts, a sand [[volleyball]] court, a [[swimming pool]], [[barbecue]] and picnic shelter as well as barbecue grills, a general gathering building called Devil's Den, and a convenience store.<ref name="CentralCampus">[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/communities/quad/central.html Central Campus]. ''Duke Residence Life & Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

At present, there is a 20- to 50-year plan to restructure Central Campus. The idea is to develop an "academic village" as a key center for the Duke community. The first phase, costing $240 million, involves replacing the outdated apartments. Other additions in the first phase include dining, academic, recreational, and service facilities. A key goal of the Central renovations is to reintegrate the area with the rest of the Duke campus, as it is connected to the other campuses by a circuitous, inefficient bus route.<ref>[http://www.duke.edu/web/centralcampus/planning.html Duke University: Central Campus Planning]. ''Duke University: Central Campus Planning'', 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

===Key places===
[[Image:Gardens18.jpg|thumb|The Sarah P. Duke Gardens attract more than 300,000 visitors each year.]]

Established in 1931, the Duke Forest today consists of 7,200&nbsp;acres (29&nbsp;km²) in six divisions just west of Duke University's West Campus.<ref name="QuickFacts">[http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/resources/quickfacts.html#admin Quick Facts About Duke]. ''Duke News & Communications.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref> Duke Forest is one of the largest continually-managed forests in the U.S. and demonstrates a variety of forest stand types and [[silvicultural]] treatments. The forest is used extensively for research and includes the Aquatic Research Facility, Forest Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-I) research facility, two permanent towers suitable for micrometerological studies, and other areas designated for animal behavior and ecosystem study.<ref>[http://www.env.duke.edu/forest/about/index.html Duke Forest]. ''Duke Forest.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref> More than 30&nbsp;miles (48&nbsp;km) of trails are open to the public for hiking, cycling, and horseback riding.<ref>[http://www.admissions.duke.edu/jump/campus/florafauna_dukeforest.asp Duke University Admissions: Duke Forest]. ''Duke Admissions.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

Located inside the Duke Forest, the [[Duke Lemur Center|Duke Lemur Center (DLC)]] is the world's largest sanctuary for rare and endangered [[prosimian]] [[primate]]s. Founded in 1966, the Duke Lemur Center spans 85&nbsp;acres (3.44&nbsp;km²) and contains nearly 300 animals of 25 different species of [[lemur]]s, [[galago]]s and [[loris]]es.<ref>Lillard, Margaret. [http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2006-06-04-lemur-center_x.htm Duke lemur center has new research focus]. ''[[The Associated Press]],'' June 4, 2006. Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[Image:MedicalCenter.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance to the Medical Center from West Campus]]

Situated between West Campus and the apartments of Central Campus, the [[Sarah P. Duke Gardens]], established in the early 1930s, occupy 55&nbsp;acres (2.2&nbsp;km²) divided into four major sections: the original Terraces and their surroundings, the H.L. Blomquist Garden of Native Plants (devoted to [[flora]] of the [[Southeastern United States]]), the Culberson Asiatic Arboretum (housing plants of [[Eastern Asia]]), and the Doris Duke Center Gardens. There are five miles (8&nbsp;km) of allées, walks, and pathways throughout the Doris Duke Visitor’s Center and the surrounding gardens.<ref>[http://www.hr.duke.edu/dukegardens/history.htm The Sarah P. Duke Gardens]. ''Duke Gardens.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

Directly north of West Campus, [[Duke University Medical Center|Duke University Medical Center (DUMC)]] combines one of the top-rated hospitals and one of the top-ranked [[Duke University School of Medicine|medical schools]] in the U.S. Founded in 1930, the Medical Center occupies 7.5 million square feet (700,000&nbsp;m²) in 91 buildings on 210&nbsp;acres (8.5&nbsp;km²).<ref>[http://www.dukemednews.org/global/print.php?context=%2Fmediakits%2Fdetail.php&id=9761 DukeMedNews]. ''DukeMed News,'' June 1, 2006. Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

Although located in the town of [[Beaufort, North Carolina]], Duke University Marine Lab on Pivers Island is part of Duke's campus. The marine lab is situated on the [[Outer Banks]] of North Carolina, only {{convert|150|yd|m}} across the channel from Beaufort. Duke's interest in the area began in the early 1930s and the first buildings were erected in 1938. The resident faculty represent the disciplines of [[oceanography]], [[marine biology]], marine [[biomedicine]], marine [[biotechnology]], and coastal marine policy and management. The Marine Laboratory is a member of the National Association of Marine Laboratories (NAML).<ref>[http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/marinelab/about/thelab.html Duke University Marine Lab]. ''Duke Marine Lab.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

==Athletics==
{{main|Duke Blue Devils}}
{{seealso|Carolina-Duke rivalry}}
[[Image:Duke logo.PNG|thumb|right|140px|Duke Blue Devils logo]]

Duke's 26 varsity sports teams, known as the [[Duke Blue Devils|Blue Devils]], are members of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA's]] [[Division I]] [[Atlantic Coast Conference]].<ref name="mediaguidelist">{{Citation
| title = ACC Champions
| journal = 2007 Atlantic Coast Conference Media Guide (PDF)
| publisher = Atlantic Coast Conference
| date = 2007
| url = http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/acc/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/07fbguide093096.pdf
| pages = Page 93
| accessdate = 2008-01-13
}}</ref> Duke's teams have won nine NCAA team national championships&mdash;the women's [[golf]] team has won five (1999, 2002, 2005, 2006 and 2007), the men's [[college basketball|basketball]] team has won three (1991, 1992, and 2001), and the men's [[football (soccer)|soccer]] team has won one (1986).<ref>[http://www.cstv.com/sports/m-lacros/stories/052905aae.html No. 1 vs. No. 2: Johns Hopkins & Duke Meet For NCAA Championship]. ''CSTV'', May 29, 2005. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref> Historically, Duke's major [[sports rivalry|rival]] has been the [[North Carolina Tar Heels|Tar Heels]] of the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]], especially in basketball. [[Carolina-Duke rivalry|The rivalry]] has led people to identify the two differing shades of blue in relation to their respective university&mdash;calling the lighter powder blue "Carolina blue" and the darker blue "Duke blue."<ref>[http://www.sportingnews.com/yourturn/viewtopic.php?t=35118 Blue Devils recall Heels' bell party]. ''[[Sporting News]]'', November 14, 2005. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.pr.com/press-release/7421 Duke and UNC Students Expand Rivalry]. ''BattleofTheBlues.com.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

In the past ten years, Duke has finished in the top 30 every year in the [[National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics|NACDA]] [[NACDA Director's Cup|Director's Cup]], an overall measure of an institution's athletic success. In the past three years, Duke has finished 11th (2007),<ref>[http://www.cstv.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/finald1standings Sports Academy Directors' Cup (2007)]. ''[[National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics]]'', June 27, 2007. Retrieved on [[July 1]], [[2007]].</ref> eighth (2006),<ref>[http://www.cstv.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/0506D1FinalStand Sports Academy Directors' Cup (2006)]. ''National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics'', June 29, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> and fifth (2005).<ref>[http://nacda.cstv.com/directorscup/nacda-directorscup-previous-scoring.html Sports Academy Directors' Cup (2005)]. ''National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics'', 2005. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Duke teams that have been ranked in the top ten nationally in the 2000s include men's and women's basketball, men's and women's [[tennis]], men's and women's soccer, men's and women's fencing, men's and women's [[cross country running]], men's and women's lacrosse, women's [[field hockey]], and men's and women's golf. Eight of these teams were ranked either first or second in the country during 2004–05.<ref>[http://www.goduke.com/ Duke Athletics: Rankings.] ''GoDuke.com.'' Retrieved on [[June 6]], [[2005]].</ref> Women's golf has been particularly dominating, compiling a record of 796-45-3 (.945) in the 2000–2005 seasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.golfdigest.com/features/index.ssf?/features/gd200509collegegolf9.html |title= Golf-first ranking |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060815113751/http://www.golfdigest.com/features/index.ssf?/features/gd200509collegegolf9.html |archivedate=2006-08-15}}. ''Golf Digest'', September 2005. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> The men's lacrosse program has been one of the most successful in the nation recently&mdash;it has ranked in the top 15 in the country in five of the last six last participating seasons<ref>[http://www.laxpower.com/update08/binmen/poll01.php USILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2008]. ''LaxPower,'' May 5, 2008. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.laxpower.com/update07/binmen/poll01.php USILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2007]. ''LaxPower,'' May 7, 2007. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.laxpower.com/update05/binmen/poll01.php USILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2005]. ''LaxPower,'' May 9, 2005. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.laxpower.com/update03/binmen/poll01.php USILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2003]. ''LaxPower,'' May 5, 2003. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.laxpower.com/update02/binmen/poll01.php USILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2002]. ''LaxPower,'' May 6, 2002. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref> and reached the national championship game in 2005 and 2007, losing to [[Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins]] by a single goal and accumulating season records of 17-3 both times.<ref>[http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07141/787820-139.stm Sports Briefs: Duke lacrosse in Final Four] ''Post-Gazette'', May 21, 2007. Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>Wojciechowski, Joe. [http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/news/story?id=2883743 Duke, Hopkins endured low points to return to championship game]. ''[[ESPN]].'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

According to a 2006 evaluation conducted by the NCAA, Duke's student-athletes have the highest graduation rate of any institution in the nation.<ref>Beaton, Gregory. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2006/11/10/News/Duke-1st.In.New.Ncaa.Evaluation-2452899.shtml?norewrite200611102232&sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com Duke 1st in new NCAA evaluation]. ''The Chronicle'', November 10, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> In 2005, 2006, and 2007, Duke ranked first among Division I schools in the National Collegiate Scouting Association Power Rankings&mdash;a combination of the institution's Director's Cup standing, its athletic graduation rate, and its academic rank in ''U.S. News & World Report.''<ref>[http://www.ncsasports.org/college-recruiting%5Cpower-rankings%5C?tab=1&year=2006 2005 NCSA Collegiate Power Rankings]. ''National Collegiate Scouting Association,'' 2005. Retrieved on [[August 7]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.ncsasports.org/college-recruiting%5Cpower-rankings%5C?tab=1&year=2006 2006 NCSA Collegiate Power Rankings]. ''National Collegiate Scouting Association,'' 2006. Retrieved on [[August 7]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.ncsasports.org/college-recruiting%5Cpower-rankings%5C?tab=1&year=2007 2007 NCSA Collegiate Power Rankings]. ''National Collegiate Scouting Association,'' 2007. Retrieved on [[August 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[Image:Cameron indoor.jpg|left|thumb|Cameron Indoor Stadium, constructed in 1940, was the largest gym south of the [[Palestra]] at [[University of Pennsylvania|Penn]].]]
===Men's basketball===
{{main|Duke Blue Devils men's basketball}}
[[Image:Cameron Indoor Stadium interior.jpg|thumb|222px|right|Duke's famous [[Cameron Indoor Stadium|basketball court]]]]
Duke's men's basketball team, a traditional powerhouse,<ref>Beard, Aaron. [http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/nba/20040702-0221-bkn-lakers-krzyzewski.html Duke: Lakers, Krzyzewski discussing coaching vacancy]. ''Associated Press'', July 2, 2004. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>Camerato, Jessica. [http://www.hoopsworld.com/Story.asp?story_id=8686 NBA Impact: Duke University]. ''Hoopsworld'', May 15, 2008. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref> is the fourth most victorious program of all time.<ref>[http://www.ncaa.org/stats/m_basketball/all_time_wins/2007_all_time_wins.pdf NCAA Men's Basketball 2007 All-Time Wins]. ''[[NCAA]]'', 2007. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref> The team has captured three [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|National Championships]], while attending 14 [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship#Final Four|Final Fours]] and nine Championship games.<ref name="NCAAResults">[http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/basketball/men/02tourney/alltimeresults.htm All-time NCAA Tournament results]. ''[[USA Today]]'', April 4, 2002. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref> Duke has the second most Atlantic Coast Conference championships with 16 and have had the most National Players of the Year in the nation with 11.<ref>[http://www.theacc.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/acc/sports/m-baskbl/auto_pdf/weekly-release ACC Men's Basketball Press Release]. ''TheACC.com,'' 2007. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref> Seventy-one players have been selected in the [[NBA Draft]], while 55 players have been honored as [[All-America]]ns.<ref>[http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=246902 Men's Basketball All-America]. ''GoDuke.com,'' 2005. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref> Duke's program is one of only two to have been to at least one Final Four and one National Championship game in each of the past five decades.<ref>[http://www.goduke.com/pdf6/53082.pdf?ATCLID=695425&SPSID=22748&SPID=1845&DB_OEM_ID=4200 Duke Basketball Tradition]. ''GoDuke.com.'' Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref> The program's home facility is historic [[Cameron Indoor Stadium]], considered one of the top venues in the nation.<ref>[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/centurys_best/news/1999/06/02/top_venues/ SI's Top 20 Venues of the 20th century]. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'', June 7, 1999. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

The team's success has been particularly outstanding over the past 25 years under coach [[Mike Krzyzewski]] (often simply called "Coach K"). Their successes include becoming the only team to win three national championships since the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] field was expanded to 64 teams in 1985, ten [[Final Four]]s in the past 21 years, and eight of nine ACC tournament championships from 1999 to 2006.<ref>[http://www.coachk.com/coachk-coach.php Coach K Coach]. ''Coach K.com.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

===Football===
{{main|Duke Blue Devils football}}
[[Image:Wallace Wade Stadium 2005 Virginia Tech at Duke.jpg|right|thumb|[[Wallace Wade Stadium]], home to Duke football and site of the 1942 [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]]]]

The Blue Devils have won seven [[List of Atlantic Coast Conference football champions|ACC Football Championships]],<ref name="mediaguidelist">{{Citation
| title = ACC Champions
| journal = 2007 Atlantic Coast Conference Media Guide (PDF)
| publisher = Atlantic Coast Conference
| date = 2007
| url = http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/acc/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/07fbguide093096.pdf
| pages = Page 93
| accessdate = 2008-01-13
}}</ref> have had ten players honored as ACC Player of the Year (the most in the ACC),<ref name="mediaguidelist">{{Citation
| title = ACC Champions
| journal = 2007 Atlantic Coast Conference Media Guide (PDF)
| publisher = Atlantic Coast Conference
| date = 2007
| url = http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/acc/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/07fbguide093096.pdf
| pages = Page 93
| accessdate = 2008-01-13
}}</ref> and have had three [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]rs come through the program (second in the ACC to only [[Miami Hurricanes football|Miami's]] four). In addition, the Blue Devils have produced 11 College Football Hall of Famers which is tied for the 2nd most in the ACC. Duke has also won 17 total conference championships (7 ACC, 9 Southern Conference, and 1 Big Five Conference). That total is the highest in the ACC.<ref>[http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/colleges.html Colleges - Pro Football Hall of Fame]. ''Pro Football Hall of Fame,'' 2007. Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

The most famous Duke [[college football|football]] season came in 1938,<ref name="1938IronDukes">Young, Jim. [http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/070803/football-dukes1.html The 1938 Iron Dukes: A Lasting Legacy], July/Aug 2003. Retrieved on [[May 24]], [[2008]].</ref> when [[Wallace Wade]] coached the "Iron Dukes" that shut out all regular season opponents; only three teams in history can claim such a feat.<ref>[http://www.nmnathletics.com/attachments1/1352.pdf Iron Dukes: Providing Scholarship Support for the Duke Student-Athlete]. ''Iron Dukes.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref> Duke reached their first [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]] appearance, where they lost 7-3 when [[University of Southern California Trojans football|USC]] scored a [[touchdown]] in the final minute of the game.<ref>Young, Jim. [http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/070803/football-dukes1.html The 1938 Iron Duke: A Lasting Legacy]. ''Duke Magazine'', August 2003. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Wade's Blue Devils lost another Rose Bowl to [[Oregon State Beavers|Oregon State]] in 1942, this one held at Duke's [[Wallace Wade Stadium|home stadium]] due to the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]].<ref>King, William E. [http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/histnotes/rosebowl.html The 1942 Durham Rose Bowl]. ''Duke University Archives.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> The football program also proved successful in the 1950s and 1960s, winning six of the first ten [[List of Atlantic Coast Conference football champions|ACC football championships]] from 1953 to 1962 under coach [[William D. Murray|Bill Murray]]; the Blue Devils would not win the ACC championship again until 1989 under now revered coach [[Steve Spurrier]].<ref name="Dukefootballbooklet">[http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/acc/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/duke-37-42.pdf Duke Blue Devils]. ''Theacc.com.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

However, the program has been one of the least successful in [[Division 1-A#Division I-Bowl Subdivision|Division I-A]] over the past ten years. Duke has not had a winning season since 1994, and has only three such seasons in the past 20 years.<ref name="Dukefootballbooklet">[http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/acc/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/duke-37-42.pdf Duke Blue Devils]. ''Theacc.com.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref> In the 2006 campaign, the Blue Devils failed to win any games. The recent struggles have led the program to have an overall record of 433-402-31 despite its early successes.<ref name="Dukefootballbooklet">[http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/acc/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/duke-37-42.pdf Duke Blue Devils]. ''Theacc.com.'' Retrieved on [[June 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

The graduation rate of Duke's football players is consistently among the highest among Division I-A schools. Duke's high graduation rates have earned it more [[American Football Coaches Association]]'s Academic Achievement Awards than any other institution.<ref>[http://www.afca.com/lev2.cfm/603 SMU Receives 2006 AFCA Academic Achievement Award]{{dead link|url=http://www.afca.com/lev2.cfm/603|date=May 2008}}. ''American Football Coaches Association'', 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

==Student life==
[[Image:Epworthduke.jpg|left|thumb|Built as a dorm and still standing on East Campus today, Epworth is only about one-third its original size after a fire.]]
===Residential life===
Duke requires its students to live on campus for the first three years of [[undergraduate]] life, except for a small percentage of second semester juniors who are exempted by a [[lottery]] system. This requirement is justified by the administration as an effort to help students connect more closely with one another and sustain a sense of belonging within the Duke community.<ref name="RLHSHousing">[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/housing/index.html RLHS: Housing]. ''Duke Residence Life and Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/about_us/more_info/mission.html RLHS: Mission]. ''Duke Residence Life and Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Thus, 85% of undergraduates live on campus.<ref name="rankingsandreviews1">[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drlife_2920_brief.php Campus Life]. ''U.S. News & World Report.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> All freshmen are housed in one of 14 [[dormitory|dormitories]] on East Campus. These buildings range in occupancy size from 50 (Epworth&mdash;the oldest dorm, built in 1892 as "the Inn") to 190 residents (Gilbert-Addoms).<ref>[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/communities/eastcampus/epworth.html Epworth]. ''Duke Residence Life and Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/communities/eastcampus/gilbert_addoms.html Gilbert-Addoms]. ''Duke Residence Life and Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Most of these are in the [[Georgian style]] typical of the East Campus architecture, although a few newer ones differ in style. Two learning communities, the Performing Arts Community and East Campus Wellness, incorporate the residential component of East Campus with students of similar academic and social interests.<ref>[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/communities/index.html RLHS: Communities]. ''Duke Residence Life and Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[February 8]], [[2009]].</ref>

Sophomores are required to reside on West Campus, again to build class unity. Juniors and seniors can elect to live on West Campus, space permitting. West Campus contains six quadrangles&mdash;the four along "Main" West were built in 1930, while two newer ones have since been added. West Campus is home to four learning communities including West Campus Wellness and the Leadership and [[civic engagement|Civic Engagement]] communities. These groups are allocated "sections" of the quadrangles, thereby living close to one another, but still within the context of a larger community. Also, 25 "selective living groups" are housed within sections on West, including 15 [[fraternities]].<ref name="studentaffairs1">[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/communities/selectiveliving/groups.html Selective Living Groups]. ''Duke Residence Life and Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Nine of the ten non-fraternity selective living groups are coeducational. Central Campus provides housing for approximately 1,050 students (of which about 850 are undergraduate juniors or seniors) in 45 apartment buildings.<ref>[http://rlhs.studentaffairs.duke.edu/communities/campusoptions/central.html Central Campus]. ''Duke Residence Life and Housing Services.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> The majority of seniors, however, choose to live off campus. Students living on campus are represented by the elected officials of Campus Council whose mission is to enhance campus life by implementing policies, provide quality programming, and ensure a safe, educational, and enjoyable experience for residents.<ref>[http://student.groups.duke.edu/Campus_Council Duke University Campus Council: Mission]. ''Duke University Campus Council,'' 2003. Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

===Greek and social life===
[[Image:More kville.JPG|right|thumb|Cameron Crazies gathering in K-ville]]

[[Fraternities and sororities]] enjoy a presence as 29% of men and 42% of women pledge a Greek group.<ref name="rankingsandreviews1"/> While 15 of the 16 Interfraternity Council (IFC) recognized fraternity chapters live in sections within West Campus quads, the ten [[National Panhellenic Conference|Panhellenic Association]] Sorority Chapters have no such living arrangement.<ref name="studentaffairs1"/> Seven [[National Pan-Hellenic Council]] (historically [[African American]]) fraternities and sororities hold chapters at Duke.<ref>[http://greek.studentaffairs.duke.edu/gov/nphc/chapters.html National Pan-Hellenic Chapters]. ''Duke Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Fraternities not recognized by IFC typically have houses off-campus.<ref>Liu, Mingyang. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2007/01/16/News/OffCampus.Ifc.Frats.Vie.For.Recruits-2633908.shtml Off-campus, IFC frats vie for recruits]. ''The Chronicle,'' June 16, 2007. Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

The nearby bars and clubs on Durham's Ninth Street and the surrounding areas are a popular outlet for Greek and "independent" students alike. Students sometimes refer to their social life as occurring within the "Duke Bubble"&mdash;emphasizing the isolation of the Duke campus from the surrounding community and the relatively low levels of interaction between Durham residents and Duke students.<ref>Mendel, Tom. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2006/04/25/Columns/Memories.Through.The.Lens-1876208.shtml?norewrite200606201124&sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com Memories through the lens]. ''The Chronicle.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Fraternity chapters frequently host parties in their sections, which typically are more open to non-members than similar functions at other institutions due to the fact that independents live in the same building as the fraternity members.<ref>[http://greek.studentaffairs.duke.edu/chapters/housing_sections/index.html Fraternity Housing Sections]. ''Duke Office of Fraternity & Sorority Life.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[Image:UnionEast2.jpg|left|thumb|East Campus' Union building, home to the freshman dining hall]]

In the mid-1990s, the administration significantly reduced the number of on-campus [[keg]]s by requiring students not only to purchase kegs directly from the university, but also to hire expensive university bartenders. According to administrators, the rule change was intended as a way to increase on-campus safety,<ref>Moulton, Jessica. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/1996/03/18/UndefinedSection/Keg-Prices.Reduced.By.10.Bartenders.Remain.Expensive-1441998.shtml?sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com Keg prices reduced by $10; bartenders remain expensive]. ''The Chronicle.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> but many students see the administration's increasingly strict policies as an attempt to undermine social life at Duke.<ref>DeLuca, Jerry and Vrettos, Christopher. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/1997/12/10/UndefinedSection/Honestly.The.Administration.Wants.No.Kegs-1445775.shtml?sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com Honestly, the administration wants no kegs]. ''The Chronicle.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> As a result, off-campus parties have become more frequent in the past few years as they are not under the umbrella of Duke's policies. However, these off-campus parties have come under fire as they have escalated in debauchery. In 2005, one of the off-campus fraternities hosted a heavily attended baby oil wrestling party, which garnered national media attention.<ref name=OldSchool>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/offbeat/2005-01-25-old-school_x.htm Blue Devils: Police bust 'Old School' wrestling at Duke frat]. ''USA Today'', January 25, 2005. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> The widely reported [[2006 Duke University lacrosse team scandal|lacrosse scandal]] broke in 2006. Many of these houses are situated in the midst of family homes, prompting neighbors to complain about excessive noise and other violations. Police have responded by breaking up parties at several houses, handing out citations, and arresting party-goers.<ref>Mueller, Jared. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2006/04/26/Gothica/Buchanan.Blues-1878187.shtml?norewrite200606201136&sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com Buchanan Blues]. ''The Chronicle'', April 29, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> The administration, in an attempt to increase the number of on-campus social events, reduced the price of kegs by 59% in August 2006.<ref>Copeland, Rob. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2006/08/30/News/University.To.Reduce.Price.Of.Kegs-2251648.shtml?norewrite200609241327&sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com University to reduce price of kegs]. ''The Chronicle,'' August 30, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> They also purchased 15 houses that Duke students typically rent off East Campus in March 2006; they plan to sell these homes to single families.<ref>Eaglin, Adam. [http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2006/06/01/News/Duke-To.Sell.5.OffEast.Houses-2015411.shtml?norewrite200606100112&sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com Duke to sell 5 off-East houses]. ''The Chronicle,'' June 1, 2006. Retrieved on [[April 17]], [[2007]].</ref>

The athletics program, particularly men's basketball, is a significant component of Duke's social life. Duke's students have been recognized as some of the most creative, original, and abrasive fans in all of collegiate athletics.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/page2/s/cameron/hits.html Cameron's Craziest]. ''[[ESPN]]'', 2002. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Students, often referred to as [[Cameron Crazies]], show their support of the men's basketball team by "tenting" for home games against key [[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]] rivals, especially [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|UNC]]. Because tickets to all varsity sports are free to students, they would line up for hours before the game, often spending the night on the sidewalk. The total number of participating tents is capped at 100 (each tent can have up to 12 occupants), though interest is such that it could exceed that number if space permitted. Tenting involves setting up and inhabiting a tent on the grass near [[Cameron Indoor Stadium]], an area known as [[Krzyzewskiville]], or K-ville for short. There are different categories of tenting based on the length of time and number of people who must be in the tent. At night, K-ville often turns into the scene of a party or occasional concert. The men's basketball coach, [[Mike Krzyzewski]], is known to buy pizza on occasion for the inhabitants of the tent village.<ref>[http://www.duke.edu/web/htdocs/kville.html Kville]. ''Duke Student Government.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

===Activities===
[[Image:New buildings 002.jpg|right|thumb|Duke's West Campus Union building has restaurants, offices, and some administrative departments. ''[[The Chronicle (Duke University)|The Chronicle]]'' office, the Mary Lou Williams Center for [[Black (people)|Black]] Culture, and the Center for [[LGBT]] Life are all located in the Union.]]

Approximately 400 student clubs and organizations run on Duke's campus. These include numerous [[student government]], [[special interest]], and [[Non-profit organization|service organizations]].<ref>[http://www.admissions.duke.edu/jump/life/activities.asp Activities and Organizations]. ''Duke University Admissions'', June 20, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Duke Student Government (DSG) charters and provides most of the funding for these organizations, and represents students' interests when dealing with the administration.<ref>[http://student.groups.duke.edu/Duke_Student_Government Duke Student Government]. ''Duke Student Government.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> One of the most popular activities on campus is competing in sports. Duke has 35 sports clubs and 29 intramural teams that are officially recognized.<ref>[http://www.duke.edu/web/intramural/sportclubs/ Clubs]. ''Duke: HPER.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[Image:VonderHeydenPavillion.jpg|left|thumb|The von der Heyden Pavilion is a popular place among students for gathering and studying.]]

According to ''[[The Princeton Review]]'', Duke is one of 81 institutions in the country with outstanding community service programs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://csc.studentaffairs.duke.edu/community/news/ |title= Duke civic engagement program earns national recognition. |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070817220209/http://csc.studentaffairs.duke.edu/community/news/ |archivedate=2007-08-17}} ''Duke University Division of Student Affairs'', 2005. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> In February 2007, Duke announced plans for DukeEngage, a $30 million civic engagement program that will allow every undergraduate to partake in an in-depth service opportunity over the course of a summer or semester.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2007/02/13/News/Dukeengage.Launches-2716017.shtml|title=DukeEngage launches|last=Eaglin|first=Adam|date=2007-02-13|publisher=''The Chronicle''|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref> The program's scope is "unprecedented in U.S. higher education," allotting about $6,200 to every individual who chooses to participate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2007/02/22/News/Dsg-Hears.From.Provost.On.Dukeengage-2736601.shtml|title=DSG hears from provost on DukeEngage|last=Freeman|first=Nate|date=2007-02-22|publisher=''The Chronicle''|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref> Duke's Community Service Center (CSC) oversees 31 student-run service organizations in Durham and the surrounding area. Examples include a weeklong camp for children of cancer patients ([[Camp Kesem]]) and a group that promotes awareness about sexual health, rape prevention, alcohol and drug use, and eating disorders (Healthy Devils). The Duke-Durham Neighborhood Partnership, started by the Office of Community Affairs, attempts to address major concerns of local residents and schools by utilizing university resources. Another community project, "Scholarship with a Civic Mission," is a joint program between the Hart Leadership Program and the Kenan Institute for Ethics. Other programs include: Project CHILD, a tutoring program involving 80 first-year volunteers; Project HOPE, an after-school program for at-risk students in Durham that was awarded a $2.25 million grant from the [[Kellogg Foundation]] in 2002; and Project BUILD, a freshman volunteering group that dedicates 3300 hours of service to a variety of projects such as schools, Habitat for Humanity, food banks, substance rehabilitation centers, and homeless shelters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://csc.studentaffairs.duke.edu/students/programs/Leadership/Student%20Service%20Clubs.html|title= Community Service Center |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070829084520/http://csc.studentaffairs.duke.edu/students/programs/Leadership/Student+Service+Clubs.html |archivedate=2007-08-29}}. ''Duke University Division of Student Affairs.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Some courses at Duke incorporate service as part of the curriculum to augment material learned in class such as in psychology or education courses (known as service learning classes).<ref>Dean, Ashley. [http://www.nytimes.com/uwire/uwire_SEAG11112005718485.html?ei=5034&en=32bab48ee94b3a79&ex=1209790800&pagewanted=all Duke Students Mix Service With Academics]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 11, 2005. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

''[[The Chronicle (Duke University)|The Chronicle]]'', Duke's independent undergraduate daily [[newspaper]], has been continually published since 1905 and has a readership of about 30,000.<ref>[http://www.dukechronicle.com/aboutus/ The Chronicle: About Us]. ''The Chronicle.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Its editors are responsible for coining the term "[[Duke Blue Devils|Blue Devil]]". The newspaper won Best in Show in the tabloid division at the 2005 Associated Collegiate Press National College Media Convention.<ref>[http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2005/10/31/News/News-Briefs-1475369.shtml?norewrite200605110038&sourcedomain=www.dukechronicle.com The Chronicle heralded at conference]. ''The Chronicle'', October 31, 2005. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> [[Cable 13]], established in 1976, is Duke's student-run television station. It stands as a popular activity for students interested in film production and media.<ref>[http://www.cable13.com/ Cable 13]. ''Cable 13.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> [[WXDU-FM]], licensed in 1983, is the University's nationally-recognized, noncommercial FM radio station, operated by student and community volunteers.<ref>[http://www.wxdu.org/station/index.html WDU Durham, 88.7 fm: Station]. ''WXDU.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.geocities.com/rdurw/wxdu.html Raleigh-Durham Radio Waves]. ''RDU Radio Waves.'' Retrieved on [[June 21]], [[2007]].</ref>

Cultural groups on campus include: the [[Asian people|Asian]] Students Association, AQUADuke (Alliance of [[Queer]] Undergraduates), [[African American|Black]] Student Alliance, [[Culture of China|Chinese]] Traditional Dance, Dance [[Black (people)|Black]], [[Duke Diya|Diya]] ([[South Asian]] Association), [[Jew]]ish Life at Duke, Mi Gente ([[Latino]] Student Association), International Association/International Council, [[Muslim]] Student Association, [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] Student Coalition, Newman [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] Student Center, and Students of the [[Caribbean]].<ref>[http://www.admissions.duke.edu/jump/life/activities_cultural.asp Cultural & Ethnic Organizations]. ''Duke University Admissions. '' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

==Alumni==
{{main|List of Duke University people}}
[[Image:Nixon 30-0316a.jpg|thumbnail|Richard Nixon, Law 1937]]

Duke alumni are active through organizations and events such as the annual Reunion Weekend and [[Homecoming]]. There are 75 Duke clubs in the U.S. and 38 international clubs.<ref>[http://www.dukealumni.com/__page/10042163.100.6.0.0.aspx Duke Clubs in U.S.]. ''Duke Alumni Association.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> For the 2005–06 fiscal year, Duke tied for third in alumni giving rate among U.S. colleges and universities.<ref>[http://www2.acs.ncsu.edu/UPA/peers/current/research_intensive/alumgiv.htm Alumni Giving Rates]. ''U.S. News & World Report.'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref> A number of Duke alumni have made significant contributions in the fields of government, law, science, academia, business, arts, journalism, and athletics, among others.

[[Richard Nixon]], 37th [[President of the United States]], [[Elizabeth Dole]], senior [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from North Carolina and former President of the [[American Red Cross]], and [[Ricardo Lagos]], 33rd President of [[Chile]] from 2000 to 2006, are among the most notable alumni with involvement in politics. In the research realm, Duke graduates who have won the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] include [[Hans Dehmelt]] for his development of the [[ion trap]] technique, [[Robert Coleman Richardson|Robert Richardson]] for his discovery of [[superfluid]]ity in [[helium-3]], and [[Charles Townes]] for his work on [[quantum electronics]].

[[Image:Nlchtownes.jpeg|thumbnail|left|Charles Townes, Physics 1936]]

Several alumni hold top positions at large companies. The current or former [[Chairman]], [[President]], [[Vice president]], or [[CEO]] of each of the following [[Fortune 500]] companies is a Duke alumnus: [[BB&T]] ([[John A. Allison IV]]), [[Bear Stearns]] ([[Alan Schwartz]]), [[Boston Scientific Corporation]] ([[Peter Nicholas (businessman)|Peter Nicholas]]), [[Cisco Systems]] ([[John Chambers (CEO)|John Chambers]]), [[ExxonMobil]] ([[Rex Adams]]), [[General Motors Corporation]] ([[Rick Wagoner]]), [[Medtronic]] (William Hawkins), [[Morgan Stanley]] ([[John J. Mack]]), [[Norfolk Southern]] ([[David R. Goode]]), [[Northwest Airlines]] ([[Gary L. Wilson]]), [[PepsiCo, Inc.]] ([[Karl von der Heyden]]), and [[Pfizer]] ([[Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.]]). [[Kevin Martin (FCC)|Kevin Martin]] is Chairman of the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]], and [[Rex Adams]] serves as the Chairman of [[Public Broadcasting System|PBS]]. Another alumna, [[Melinda Gates]], is the co-founder of the $31.9 billion [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], the nation's wealthiest charitable foundation.<ref>[http://www.gatesfoundation.org/MediaCenter/FactSheet/default.htm Foundation Fact Sheet]. ''[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].'' Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://philanthropy.com/free/articles/v16/i10/wealthiest.htm The Nation's 10 Wealthiest Foundations]. ''[[The Chronicle of Philanthropy]]'', March 4, 2004. Retrieved on [[January 12]], [[2007]].</ref>

[[John Feinstein]] is a notable sportswriter for ''[[The Washington Post]]'', while [[Charlie Rose]] is a former contributor for ''60 Minutes II'' and currently hosts his [[Charlie Rose (talk show)|own talk show]]. [[Judy Woodruff]] is a senior correspondent for [[The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer]] on [[PBS]] and was formerly [[National Broadcasting Company|NBC's]] [[White House]] correspondent and an anchor for [[CNN]]. [[Jay Bilas]] is a basketball analyst for [[ESPN]] who co-hosts ''[[College GameDay (basketball)|College GameDay]]'', and also joins [[CBS]] as a game analyst for the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Men's Basketball Championship]]. [[Sean McManus]] is president of both [[CBS Sports]] and [[CBS News]], while [[Dan Abrams]] serves as the General Manager of [[MSNBC]].

[[William C. Styron]] won the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]] in 1968 for his novel ''[[The Confessions of Nat Turner (1967)|The Confessions of Nat Turner]]'' and is also well-known for his 1979 novel ''[[Sophie's Choice (novel)|Sophie's Choice]]''. The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction was also awarded to [[Anne Tyler]] for her 1988 novel ''[[Breathing Lessons]]''. Rik Kirkland serves as a Managing Editor for the magazine ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'', while [[Clay Felker]] is a founding editor of ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]''. [[John Harwood]] is the Chief [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] Correspondent for [[CNBC]], a Senior Contributing Writer for ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', and frequent panelist on ''[[Washington Week]]''. In the arts realm, [[Annabeth Gish]] (actress in the ''[[X-Files]]'' and ''[[The West Wing (TV series)|The West Wing]]''), [[Randall Wallace]] (screenwriter, producer, and director, ''[[Braveheart]]'', ''[[Pearl Harbor (film)|Pearl Harbor]]'', ''[[We Were Soldiers]]''), and [[David Hudgins]] (television writer and producer, ''[[Everwood]]'', ''[[Friday Night Lights (TV series)|Friday Night Lights]]'') headline the list. Finally, several athletes have become stars at the professional level, especially in basketball's [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]. [[Shane Battier]], [[Elton Brand]], [[Carlos Boozer]], and [[Grant Hill (basketball)|Grant Hill]] are among the most famous.
{{clear}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Duke University}}
*[http://www.duke.edu/ Duke.edu: Official website of Duke University]
*[http://www.goduke.com/ GoDuke.com: Official athletics website of Duke University]
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