enod40, also known as early nodulin 40, is a gene found in flowering plants. The gene has characteristics of both protein and Non-coding RNA genes.[1] There is
some evidence that the non-coding characteristics of this gene are more widely conserved than the
protein coding sequences.[2]
In soyabeansenod40 was found to be expressed during
early stages of formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules that are associated with symbiotic soil rhizobial bacteria.[3][4]
The gene is also active in roots containing fungi forming phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhiza.
[5]
An interaction with a novel RNA-binding protein MtRBP1 (Medicago truncatulaRNA-binding protein 1) investigated in the development of Root nodule suggests ENOD40 has a function of cytoplasmic relocalization of nuclear proteins.[6]
In the study of non-legume plants, the over-expression of ENOD40 in transgenic Arabidopsis lines was observed a reduction of cell expansion.[7]
^Yang WC, Katinakis P, Hendriks P, Smolders A, de Vries F, Spee J, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Franssen H (1993). "Characterization of GmENOD40, a gene showing novel patterns of cell-specific expression during soybean nodule development". Plant J. 3 (4): 573–85. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.03040573.x. PMID8220464.
^Kouchi H, Hata S (1993). "Isolation and characterization of novel nodulin cDNAs representing genes expressed at early stages of soybean nodule development". Mol Gen Genet. 238 (1–2): 106–19. PMID7683079.
^Guzzo F, Portaluppi P, Grisi R, Barone S, Zampieri S, Franssen H, Levi M (2005). "Reduction of cell size induced by enod40 in Arabidopsis thaliana". J Exp Bot. 56 (412): 507–13. doi:10.1093/jxb/eri028. PMID15557291.
Further reading
Podkowinski J, Zmienko A, Florek B, Wojciechowski P, Rybarczyk A, Wrzesinski J, Ciesiolka J, Blazewicz J, Kondorosi A, Crespi M, Legocki A (2009). "Translational and structural analysis of the shortest legume ENOD40 gene in Lupinus luteus". Acta Biochim Pol. 56 (1): 89–102. PMID19287803.
Wan X, Hontelez J, Lillo A, Guarnerio C, van de Peut D, Fedorova E, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2007). "Medicago truncatula ENOD40-1 and ENOD40-2 are both involved in nodule initiation and bacteroid development". J Exp Bot. 58 (8): 2033–41. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm072. PMID17452749.
Murakami Y, Miwa H, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Kouchi H, Downie JA, Kawaguchi M, Kawasaki S (2006). "Positional cloning identifies Lotus japonicus NSP2, a putative transcription factor of the GRAS family, required for NIN and ENOD40 gene expression in nodule initiation". DNA Res. 13 (6): 255–65. doi:10.1093/dnares/dsl017. PMID17244637.
Ruttink T, Boot K, Kijne J, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2006). "ENOD40 affects elongation growth in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells by alteration of ethylene biosynthesis kinetics". J Exp Bot. 57 (12): 3271–82. doi:10.1093/jxb/erl089. PMID16957021.
Grønlund M, Roussis A, Flemetakis E, Quaedvlieg NE, Schlaman HR, Umehara Y, Katinakis P, Stougaard J, Spaink HP (2005). "Analysis of promoter activity of the early nodulin Enod40 in Lotus japonicus". Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 18 (5): 414–27. doi:10.1094/MPMI-18-0414. PMID15915640.
Röhrig H, John M, Schmidt J (2004). "Modification of soybean sucrose synthase by S-thiolation with ENOD40 peptide A.". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 325 (3): 864–70. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.100. PMID15541370.
Dey M, Complainville A, Charon C, Torrizo L, Kondorosi A, Crespi M, Datta S (2004). "Phytohormonal responses in enod40-overexpressing plants of Medicago truncatula and rice". Physiol. Plant. 120 (1): 132–139. doi:10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0208.x. PMID15032885.
Compaan B, Ruttink T, Albrecht C, Meeley R, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2003). "Identification and characterization of a Zea mays line carrying a transposon-tagged ENOD40". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1629 (1–3): 84–91. doi:10.1016/j.bbaexp.2003.08.004. PMID14522083.
Vleghels I, Hontelez J, Ribeiro A, Fransz P, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2003). "Expression of ENOD40 during tomato plant development". Planta. 218 (1): 42–9. doi:10.1007/s00425-003-1081-9. PMID14508686.
Santi C, von Groll U, Ribeiro A, Chiurazzi M, Auguy F, Bogusz D, Franche C, Pawlowski K (2003). "Comparison of nodule induction in legume and actinorhizal symbioses: the induction of actinorhizal nodules does not involve ENOD40". Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 16 (9): 808–16. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.9.808. PMID12971604.
Larsen K (2003). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a ryegrass (Lolium perenne) ENOD40 homologue". J Plant Physiol. 160 (6): 675–87. doi:10.1078/0176-1617-00962. PMID12872490.
Favery B, Complainville A, Vinardell JM, Lecomte P, Vaubert D, Mergaert P, Kondorosi A, Kondorosi E, Crespi M, Abad P (2002). "The endosymbiosis-induced genes ENOD40 and CCS52a are involved in endoparasitic-nematode interactions in Medicago truncatula". Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 15 (10): 1008–13. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.10.1008. PMID12437298.
Imaizumi-Anraku H, Kouchi H, Syono K, Akao S, Kawaguchi M (2000). "Analysis of ENOD40 expression in alb1, a symbiotic mutant of Lotus japonicus that forms empty nodules with incompletely developed nodule vascular bundles". Mol Gen Genet. 264 (4): 402–10. doi:10.1007/s004380000330. PMID11129043.
Flemetakis E, Kavroulakis N, Quaedvlieg NE, Spaink HP, Dimou M, Roussis A, Katinakis P (2000). "Lotus japonicus contains two distinct ENOD40 genes that are expressed in symbiotic, nonsymbiotic, and embryonic tissues". Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 13 (9): 987–94. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.9.987. PMID10975655.
Kouchi H, Takane K, So RB, Ladha JK, Reddy PM (1999). "Rice ENOD40: isolation and expression analysis in rice and transgenic soybean root nodules". Plant J. 18 (2): 121–9. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00432.x. PMID10363365.
Mirabella R, Martirani L, Lamberti A, Iaccarino M, Chiurazzi M (1999). "The soybean ENOD40(2) promoter is active in Arabidopsis thaliana and is temporally and spatially regulated". Plant Mol Biol. 39 (1): 177–81. doi:10.1023/A:1006146627301. PMID10080720.
Corich V, Goormachtig S, Lievens S, Van Montagu M, Holsters M (1998). "Patterns of ENOD40 gene expression in stem-borne nodules of Sesbania rostrata". Plant Mol Biol. 37 (1): 67–76. doi:10.1023/A:1005925607793. PMID9620265.
van de Sande K, Pawlowski K, Czaja I, Wieneke U, Schell J, Schmidt J, Walden R, Matvienko M, Wellink J, van Kammen A, Franssen H, Bisseling T (1996). "Modification of phytohormone response by a peptide encoded by ENOD40 of legumes and a nonlegume". Science. 273 (5273): 370–3. doi:10.1126/science.273.5273.370. PMID8662527. (Retracted. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace {{retracted|...}} with {{retracted|...|intentional=yes}}.)
Minami E, Kouchi H, Cohn JR, Ogawa T, Stacey G (1996). "Expression of the early nodulin, ENOD40, in soybean roots in response to various lipo-chitin signal molecules". Plant J. 10 (1): 23–32. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10010023.x. PMID8758977.
Papadopoulou K, Roussis A, Katinakis P (1996). "Phaseolus ENOD40 is involved in symbiotic and non-symbiotic organogenetic processes: expression during nodule and lateral root development". Plant Mol Biol. 30 (3): 403–17. doi:10.1007/BF00049320. PMID8605294.
Matvienko M, Van de Sande K, Yang WC, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Franssen H (1994). "Comparison of soybean and pea ENOD40 cDNA clones representing genes expressed during both early and late stages of nodule development". Plant Mol Biol. 26 (1): 487–93. doi:10.1007/BF00039559. PMID7948896.