Ectotympanic
The ectotympanic, or tympanicum, is a bony structure found in all mammals, located on the tympanic part of the temporal bone, which holds the tympanic membrane (eardrum) in place. In in catarrhine primates (including humans), it takes a tube-shape.[1][2] Its position and attachment to the skull vary between primates, and can be either inside or outside the auditory bulla.[3][4]
It is homologous with the angular bone of non-mammalian tetrapods.
References
- ^ {{cite journal | last = Fricano | first = Ellen Elise Irwin | title = The Primate Ectotympanic Tube: Correlates of Structure, Function, and Development | year = 2018 | url = https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/61419
- ^ Ankel-Simons, F. (2007). Primate Anatomy (3rd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 435–436. ISBN 0-12-372576-3.
- ^ Archibald, J.D. (1977). "Ectotympanic bone and internal carotid circulation of eutherians in reference to anthropoid origins". Journal of Human Evolution. 6 (7): 609–622. doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(77)80134-6.
- ^ Sellers, W.I. "Strepsirhine/Haplorhine Split" (PDF). Retrieved 18 August 2010.[permanent dead link]
External links
- webref: Anthropology
- Hershkovitz P (1974). "The Ectotympanic Bone and Origin of Higher Primates" (PDF). Folia Primatologica. 22 (4): 237–42. doi:10.1159/000155628. PMID 4218574.
- Jones FW, Lambert VF (October 1939). "The occurrence of the lemurine form of the ectotympanic in a primitive marsupial". J. Anat. 74 (Pt 1): 72–5. PMC 1252559. PMID 17104802.
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