Ernest Gribble
Ernest Gribble (23 November 1868 – 18 October 1957) was an Australian missionary. Though considered to be temperamentally unsuited to his vocation, he became a strong advocate for better treatment of Australian aborigines, saving whose 'remnants' he considered part of his mission.
Early life
He was born at Chilwell in Geelong in 1868, the son of John Brown and Mary Gribble (née Bulmer), and the eldest of nine children.[1] His father was a Methodist and then Congregational Union, and finally Anglican missionary who, disturbed by the systematic injustices visited on aborigines as he had observed them in Jerilderie and elsewhere, wrote A Plea for the Aborigines of New South Wales,[2] and established the Warangesda Mission on the Murrumbidgee river (1880).[3] Ernest showed less than mediocre academic abilities during his schooling at The King's School, Parramatta, despite excelling in sports. Dissuaded from following a military career, he joined his father in an attempt, which soon failed, to set up a mission at Gascoyne River in Western Australia.[1]
Career
Invited to work in Carnarvon, Western Australia, Gribble's father was ostracized by settlers for his protests at the abuses of Aboriginal workers. He opened a mission at Yarrabah, and fell ill, and called on his son Ernest, who had accepted a curacy at Tumbarumba in New South Wales for financial reasons, to take over the Mission[4][5] in his stead. His father died soon afterwards, and Ernest seems to have been driven by guilt and remorse in pursuing his father's footsteps.[1] Ordained an Anglican priest in 1899, he went on to succeed in converting many local aborigines, and one, James Noble, became the first Aboriginal to be ordained deacon.[5] He showed little comprehension of Aboriginal culture, failing to learn even elementary words of the local language at Yarrabah, which he eventually left in 1909, after suffering a breakdown[4] from overwork according to Harris,[5] from guilt over having a child with an Aboriginal woman in 1908, a year after he separated from his wife Emilie Julie Wriede.[1]
His next mission, in 1913, was to run the Forrest River Mission, which depended on forced removals of indigenous people to maintain itself,[1] and was on the verge of collapse at the time, and which he was asked to take over.[5] His method of management has been described as one of 'autocratic paternalism'.[5] Others speak of his embrace of muscular Christianity.[1] A. P. Elkin regarded him as an incompetent superintendent. dismissing him as a 'conceited, uncouth tyrant' running a 'stud farm' for breeding natives.[1] The food served at the mission was a notorious sludge of porridge, salted meat and stale bread.[4] Under his administration, the sexes were segregated; children were isolated from their parents and relatives by being confined to dormitories, and generally, he seems to have instituted the kind of military barracks system of regimentation, with uniforms, parades and policing, typical of the career he aspired to as a youth.[1]
He played a key role in inquiries that exposed the role of police in murdering Aborigines in an incident known as the Forrest River massacre in 1926. His activism led to him being shunned by the white community, and he was dismissed soon afterwards, in 1928, contributing factors being his mismanagement of finances, and the discovery that he had hidden from police investigators facts that would have implicated an aboriginal resident at his mission in a tribal murder.[1] His offer to take over as chaplain on the aboriginal penal settlement on Palm Island was accepted and he spent his later years there in that capacity. He refused, despite failing health, to retire, and was forcibly removed from his post to Yarrabah in 1957, where he died on 18 October.[5][1]
He was awarded an O.B.E. in 1956.[1]
Evaluations
One of his biographers endorses the widespread view among settlers that he acted intemperately, a trait he appears to have inherited from his father:
Gribble was very much the son of his father: headstrong, self-righteous, authoritarian, with a permanent chip on his shoulder and a tendency to blame otherrs for his nor the mission's misfortunes. He thought nothing of knocking down an avborigines wgho did something to displease him, or of "arresting" aborigines caught killing the mission cattle'.[6]
Works
- (1932) Forty Years with the Aborigines (Sydney, 1930), The Problem of the Australian Aboriginal.
- (1933) A Despised Race: The Vanishing Aboriginals of Australia.
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Halse 1996.
- ^ Gribble 1879, pp. 1–9.
- ^ Gulambali & Elphick 2003, p. 1.
- ^ a b c Dixon 1977, p. 22.
- ^ a b c d e f Harris 1999, p. 262.
- ^ Dixon 1977, p. 23.
References
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1977). A Grammar of Yidin. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-21462-9.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Gribble, J.B. (1879). A Plea for the Aborigines of New South Wales. Jerilderie.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Gulambali, Beverley; Elphick, Don (2003). "Camp of Mercy:An Historical and Biographical Record of the Warangesda Aboriginal Mission/Station Darlington Point New South Wales" (PDF). Gulambali Aboriginal Research.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Halse, Christine (1996). "Gribble, Ernest Richard Bulmer (Ernie) (1868–1957)". In Serle, Geoffrey (ed.). Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 14. Melbourne University Press.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Harris, John W (1999). "Ernest Gribble". In Anderson, Gerald H. (ed.). Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-802-84680-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)