DescriptionSchematic setup of different types of FPM.png
English: (a) A typical setup of fluorescence anisotropy (FA). Circularly polarized light source is used, with either epi-illumination (displayed in the figure) or confocal illumination (together with a point detector, not displayed). Wollaston Prism (WP) could allow simultaneous detection of two polarization channels utilizing two halves of the camera. (b) A typical setup of linear dichroism (LD). The linearly polarized light source passes a polarization modulator (PM), resulting in varying polarization of excitation light. The time trace image of fluorescence intensity changing with the excitation polarization would be recorded. Both epi-illumination or confocal illumination could be used and the polarization modulator could be a rotary half wave plate, an electro-optical modulator, etc. (c) A typical setup of defocused pattern recognition (DPR). The sample is usually defocused with several hundred nanometers away from the focal plane of the objective. The diffraction pattern of the dipoles would be recorded and be used for orientation measurement. Circularly polarized light source is used for effective excitation of all the dipoles. Abbreviations: S – light source; L – collimating lens; DM – dichroic mirror; Obj – objective; TL – tube lens; CCD – CCD camera; WP – Wollaston Prism; PM – polarization modulator.
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