File:Spurious Correlation (Colour).svg
.svg){kind=small}
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Summary
| Description |
English: An illustration of spurious correlation as defined by Karl Pearson in Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution—On a Form of Spurious Correlation Which May Arise When Indices Are Used in the Measurement of Organs, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1897, volume 60, pages 489-498, https://www.jstor.org/stable/115879)
Here is the R code used to generate this figure: require(ggplot2)
set.seed(5)
n.obs <- 500
xyz.df <- data.frame(
x=rnorm(n.obs, mean=10, sd=1),
y=rnorm(n.obs, mean=10, sd=1),
z=rnorm(n.obs, mean=30, sd=3)
)
xyz.df <- transform(
xyz.df,
x.over.z= x/z,
y.over.z= y/z
)
ggplot(data=xyz.df, aes(y=x.over.z, x=y.over.z)) +
geom_point(aes(colour=z)) +
scale_colour_gradient2(midpoint=median(xyz.df$z)) +
labs(y="x/z", x="y/z") +
annotate(
"text", x= 0.2, y=0.6, hjust=0, vjust=1, parse=TRUE, size=10,
label=sprintf(" rho == %0.2f", with(xyz.df, cor(x.over.z,y.over.z)))
) +
theme(legend.justification=c(1,0), legend.position=c(1,0)) +
coord_equal(xlim=c(0.18,0.62), ylim=c(0.18,0.62))
ggsave("spuriousCorrelationColour.svg", height=6, width=6)
|
| Date | |
| Source | Own work |
| Author | David Lovell (Lov090) |
Licensing
I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
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- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
File history
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 00:26, 10 January 2014 | | 540 × 540 (160 KB) | Lov090 | User created page with UploadWizard |
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