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TV-D1 test flight is scheduled for October 21, 2023 between 7 am and 9 am. October 18, 2023

Gaganyaan TV-D1 Mission

Mission Definition:

“In-flight Abort Demonstration of Crew Escape System (CES)” at Mach number 1.2 with the newly developed Test Vehicle followed by Crew Module separation & safe recovery.

Mission Objectives: Flight demonstration and evaluation of Test Vehicle sub systems. Flight demonstration and evaluation of Crew Escape System including various separation systems. Crew Module characteristics & deceleration systems demonstration at higher altitude & its recovery More Details

Gaganyaan TV-D1 Mission Brochure pdf icon PDF - 13.0 MB TV-D1 Gallery First Crew Module for Test Vehicle Abort mission-1 Mission Highlights

TV Mission Pillbox Mach 1.2 Altitude 11.7 km Flight path angle 60° Dynamic Pressure 22.6 kPa CM-CES separation Mach 0.5 Altitude 17 km Dynamic pressure 2-3 kPa Drogue Parachute deployment Altitude 16.7 km Main Parachute Altitude ‹ 2.5 km TV-D1 Vehicle:

The Liquid propelled single stage Test Vehicle uses a modified VIKAS engine with Crew Module (CM) and Crew Escape System (CES) mounted at its fore end.

Vehicle Configuration

Length: 34.954 m Diameter: Ø 2.1 m (stage) , Ø 4.05 m (CES) Liftoff mass: 44 T TV inert mass: 7 T CES inert mass:12.5 T CM inert mass: 4.5 T Propulsion System

TV : VIKAS Engine with AR6 , N2O4 – 12 T , UH-25 – 7 T CES : HEM (4 nos.) + CJM TV-D1 Crew Module (CM)

Specifications Structure Single walled unpressurised aluminium structure Simulated thermal protection system using cork Dimensions Ø3.1 m x 2.97 m Mass 4520 kg Avionics Launch Vehicle heritage with dual redundancy Navigation Mini Advanced INS augmented by NavIC/ GPS Deceleration system Total of 10 parachutes with pyro systems. Parachute deployment Initiation at 17 km altitude Separation Systems CM / SM separation CM / CES separation Apex cover separation CES - CMF separation Touch down velocity 8.5 m/s (Nominal) Floatation system Buoyancy augmentation system using PUF blocks Recovery aids Sea markers and location transmitter First Crew Module for Gaganyaan test flight takes shapeHome /Gaganyaan TV-D1 October 06, 2023

Crew Module (CM) is where the astronauts are containedin a pressurized earthlike atmospheric condition during the Gaganyaan mission. The CM for the Gaganyaan mission is in different stages of development. For the Test Vehicle Abort mission-1 (TV-D1), the CM is an unpressurised version that has completed its integration and testing and is ready to be shipped to the launch complex. This unpressurised CM version has to have an overall size and mass of actual Gaganyaan CM. It houses all the systems for the deceleration and recovery. With its complete set of parachutes, recovery aids actuation systems and pyros. The avionics systems in CM are in a dual redundant mode configuration for navigation, sequencing, telemetry, instrumentation and power. The CM in this mission is extensively instrumented to capture the flight data for evaluation of the performance of various systems. The Crew Module will be recovered after touchdown in the Bay of Bengal, using a dedicated vessel and diving team from the Indian Navy.

The first development flight Test Vehicle (TV-D1) is in the final stages of preparation. The Test Vehicle is a single-stage liquid rocket developed for this abort mission. The payloads consist of the Crew Module (CM) and Crew Escape Systems (CES) with their fast-acting solid motors, along with CM fairing (CMF) and Interface Adapters. This flight will simulate the abort condition during the ascent trajectory corresponding to a Mach number of 1.2 encountered in the Gaganyaan mission. CES with CMwill be separated from the Test Vehicle at an altitude of about 17 km. Subsequently, the abort sequence will be executed autonomously commencing with the separation of CES and deployment of the series of parachutes, finally culminating in the safe touchdown of CM in the sea, about 10 km from the coast of Sriharikota.

The Crew Module after integration underwent various electrical testing, at ISRO’s facility in Bengaluru, including an acoustic test and was dispatched to SDSC-SHAR on 13th August. At SDSC, it will undergo vibration tests and pre-integration with the Crew Escape System, before final integration to the Test Vehicle at the Launch Pad. This Test Vehicle mission with this CM is a significant milestone for the overall Gaganyaan programme as a near-complete system is integrated for a flight test. The success of this test flight will set the stage for the remaining qualification tests and unmanned missions, leading to the first Gaganyaan mission with Indian Astronauts.