Forza Italia
Forza Italia is an Italian right-wing political party. It is headed by Silvio Berlusconi, who also is Prime Minister of Italy.
It was formed in 1993 by Berlusconi, a successful businessman and owner of all the main private TV stations in Italy. A few months after its birth, as the head of a political coalition called Polo delle Libertà, Forza Italia won national power in the 1994 elections, but lost power when the northern separatist Lega Nord left the coalition. It regained power in the 2001 elections, with the League's support in a new coalition called Casa delle libertà. Occasionally, Forza Italia passed 30% of votes (as in the 1994 elections for the European parliament), but is today expected to be at about 22% (as of Feb. 2005).
"Forza Italia" used to be shouted at football matches as an encouragement for the national team ("Go on Italy"), but has since been dropped because of the obvious political implications of using the name of a major political party. It should be noted how founder Silvio Berlusconi is also the owner of Serie A team AC Milan, and has used its many successes in football as a propaganda subject. In 1994, talking about his direct rival in his electoral college, economist Luciano Spaventa, Berlusconi said "He should return when he's won a Champion's League".
Forza Italia has no internal democracy, and Berlusconi appoints all charges in the organization of the party. In at least one occasion, Berlusconi used his own financial means to pay debts accumulated by the party, drawing criticism from other political forces about the party being too closely related to one person only.
Since its birth, Forza Italia has been using means unconventional for Italian politics. It is heavily dependent on Berlusconi's image, the party anthem is sung in karaoke fashion at congresses, there is nominally no internal opposition, and TV advertisement is extensive, especially on Berlusconi's own TV networks; Forza Italia and Berlusconi deny this is a relevant conflict of interest.